Orchard soil management trials. 1. Effect of a weed-free or straw mulched strip on the growth and yield of young fruit trees

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Peach Trees

The effects of keeping a strip along the tree row bare with herbicide sprays or mulched with weed-free straw were compared with either permanent pasture or cultivation. Peach trees growing in the straw mulched strips from their second year onwards grew bigger, made more growth, and produced twice as many fruit of larger size in their fourth and fifth seasons. Apple trees growing in a 1 1/2 metre wide mulched strip also made more total growth and yielded twice the weight of fruit in their fifth and sixth seasons than trees growing under cultivation. Mean fruit size of the apples from the mulched trees was larger, and the mulched apple trees carried more blossoms following a heavy crop than did the cultivated trees. Growth and fruit bearing of the peach and apple trees in the herbicide treated plots was intermediate between the control and mulch treatments.

Orchard soil management trials. 2. Effect of herbicides and nitrogen on growth and yield of young apple trees in permanent pasture

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Baxter ◽  
BJ Newman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Young Apple

On two cultivars of young apple trees growing in a permanent pasture, a narrow strip was kept bare with herbicide sprays used either during spring and summer or during the entire year. This increased tree growth, fruit set, fruit yield, and fruit size. Using more nitrogen fertilizer did not compensate for the grass competition and did not increase growth or yield as much as did the herbicide sprays. Most of the applied nitrogen could be accounted for in the increased growth of grass. The herbicide simazine increased tree growth more than other herbicides.

Cultural practices for enhanced growth of young peach trees

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Glenn ◽  
W. V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Peach Trees

AbstractA review of orchard soil management effects on tree growth and soil parameters is presented. It shows the gap between present common practices and results achievable in other systems. An alternative soil management system for newly planted peach trees, termed “killed-sod”, is described. This system has improved soil structure and rainfall infiltration and greatly increased early tree growth and yield. A fertilization study has demonstrated that the addition of a complete fertilizer in four different soil management systems could not account for the increased growth resulting from the improved soil environment in the killed-sod system.

Response of newly planted peach and apple trees to superphosphate

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees

The response of peach and apple trees to added superphosphate was recorded both in the nursery and later in the orchard after transplanting. The peach and apple trees responded positively to phosphate applications in both the nursery and the orchard despite the initial presence of medium to high phosphate levels in the soils. Of major interest, too, was the absence of a consistent interaction between the phosphate treatments applied in the separate years. This suggested that the trees could not accumulate enough phosphorus in any one year to influence their response to further phosphate. Leaf analysis showed two important effects in relation to the phosphate treatments. Firstly, since high rates of application of fertilizer led to only small increases in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves, tree growth rate and phosphate absorption rate are apparently closely coupled. Secondly, the deliberate withholding of phosphate fertilizer from all trees in the fourth season led to a marked decline in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves of both peach and apple, which suggested that phosphate fertilizer should be applied annually to young fruit trees. With apple, but not peach, increasing the rate of phosphate applied in the third season stimulated the number of flower buds initiated, but this effect was not simply the result of increased vegetative growth. On the other hand, phosphate application to the peach trees in the orchard resulted in a positive fruit set and yield response in the absence of any tree growth response.

A Method for Studying the Distribution of Absorbing Roots of Fruit Trees

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Absorbing Roots

SUMMARYA method is described for studying the distribution of absorbing roots of fruit trees using the number of light root tips per unit of soil space as a criterion for characterizing the spatial distribution of the absorbing parts of the root systems. As examples of the use of this method, some results are shown from investigations with apple trees in South-Western Germany. They demonstrate the influence of soil-type and soil management on the distribution of absorbing roots. Striking temporal variations in the number of root tips were observed in the same tree.

scholarly journals Mixtures of Coal Ash and Compost as Substrates for Highbush Blueberry

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent L. Black ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Total Growth

Bottom ash from a coal-fired power plant and two composts were tested as components of soil-free media and as soil amendments for growing highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Combinations of ash and compost were compared to Berryland sand, and Manor clay loam, and compost amended Manor clay loam. The pH of all treatment media was adjusted to 4.5 with sulfur at the beginning of the experiment. In 1997, plants of `Bluecrop' and `Sierra' were planted in 15-dm3 pots containing the pH-adjusted treatment media. The first substantial crop was harvested in 1999. At the end of the 1999 season, one half of the plants were destructively harvested for growth analysis. The remaining plants were cropped again in 2000. Yield and fruit size data were collected in both seasons, and leaf and fruit samples were collected in 1999 for elemental analysis. The presence of coal ash or composted biosolids in the media had no detrimental effect on leaf or fruit elemental content. Total growth and yield of both cultivars was reduced in clay loam soil compared to Berryland sand, whereas growth and yield of plants in coal ash-compost was similar to or exceeded that of plants in Berryland sand.

scholarly journals A Negative Feedback Regulation of Replanted Soil Microorganisms on Plant Growth and Soil Properties of Peach

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hui LÜ ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
Yun-Lou SHEN ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Peach Trees

Replant disease is one of the main growth limiting factors, interfering with plant growth and yield of stone fruit trees such as peach trees. The ecological feedback mechanisms by replanted soil microbes regulating peach growth and soil structure are rarely known. In our study, rhizosphere soils collected from 18-year-old peach trees were used to plant new peach seedlings, and all soil microbes (R) and soil microbes with the size of < 100 μm (R<100) and < 40 μm (R<40) were applied into peach rhizosphere. After 90 days of microbial inoculation, compared with no microbe treatment (R0), the treatments such as R, R<40, and R<100 reduced plant growth performance (biomass, leaf number, plant height, and stem diameter) and root morphology (total length, projected area, surface area, diameter, and volume), with treatment R being the most inhibition of all other treatments. Similar response of treatment R was observed on changes in concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid. Interestingly, compared with R0 treatment, R<100 treatment produced a significant increase in glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), percentage of water-stable aggregates in size of 0.25-0.5 mm, soil polyphenol oxidase activities and soil catalase activities. However, R treatment dramatically decreased the percentage of water-stable aggregates in size of 2-4 mm and soil peroxidase activities. Our results suggested that replanted soil microbes, especially with the size of < 100 μm, played a strong negative role on plant growth and rhizosphere biology of peach.

EFFECT OF ORCHARD SOIL MANAGEMENT ON THE GROWTH AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION OF YOUNG DWARF RED DELICIOUS APPLE TREES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. J. HOGUE
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Leaf N

Bisbee Delicious apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing 26 rootstock, planted in 1979 on an Osoyoos loamy sand were subjected, commencing in 1981, to five different orchard soil management treatments including full ground cover, early season vegetation control, total vegetation control, black plastic mulching and shallow tillage. All ground cover suppression treatments decreased leaf K and increased leaf Mg, leaf N and yield. With the exception of early season vegetation control, all ground cover suppression treatments decreased leaf P although P was adequate for initial growth. Declines in soil solution Ca, Mg, and K concentration, 1980–1983, were observed regardless of soil management method. Key words: Apples, M.26 rootstock, leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, fruit yield

The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Atkinson ◽  
Martin G. Johnson ◽  
David Mattam ◽  
E. Reuben Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil

Weed Suppression by Grasses for Orchard Floor Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Tworkoski ◽  
D. Michael Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Peach Trees

Fruit trees in orchards of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States are often planted in vegetation-free rows alternating with grass alleys. Grass managed to suppress weeds but to compete minimally with fruit trees may be an alternative to herbicide and tillage. This research was conducted in the greenhouse and field to assess five different grasses that may suppress weeds without reducing yield of fruit trees. In the greenhouse with high seeding rates, red fescue competed more effectively than did chewings fescue, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass with three weeds (damesrocket, cornflower, and chicory). However, with reduced seeding rates, similar to rates used in the field, grass competitiveness with weeds was similar between red fescue, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass. Similar results were obtained during a 4-yr field experiment; roughstalk bluegrass competed least effectively with weeds but the other four grasses provided similar weed suppression—generally providing as much weed suppression as traditional herbicides. None of the candidate grasses significantly reduced yields of 10-yr-old apple and peach trees, although fruit size was affected by some grasses. The grass that was least suppressive of yield, roughstalk bluegrass, was the least effective in controlling weeds. Annual mowing in combination with four of the grasses tested is one option to manage the orchard floor with reduced herbicides, but fruit size may decrease.

Orchard soil management trials. 3. Effect of soil fumigation and soil management on replanted apple trees

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Annual Application

Apple trees were planted into soil from which old apple trees had been removed. Experimental treatments consisted of pre-plant fumigation, annual application of fungicides to the soil and four kinds of soil management. Improved tree growth and increased yield were obtained with soil fumigation and from weed control and mulching. The economics of these operations is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document