Genotype by Trait Interaction (GT) in Maize Hybrids on Complete Fertilizer

We investigated the interaction between genotype by trait, and an experiment was conducted at the University of Debrecen. Two maize cultivars, FAO340 and FAO410, were studied in a randomized complete block design with four replications. This experiment was applied to the six fertilization treatments. Fertilizer levels were NPK0 (control) (N:0, P2O5:0, K2O:0), NPK1 (N:30, P2O5:23, K2O:27), NPK2 (N:60, P2O5:46, K2O:54), NPK3 (N:90, P2O5:69, K2O:81), NPK4 (N:120, P2O5:92, K2O:108), and NPK5 (N:150, P2O5:115, K2O:135). The first principal component showed 54.24%, and the second principal component showed 20.75%, which explained the total squares interaction using the AMMI model in the case of the FAO410 hybrid. As regards the FAO340 hybrid, the first principal component showed 58.18%, and the second principal component showed 18.04%, explaining the total squares interaction using the AMMI model in the FAO410 hybrid. In the GGE biplot on FAO410, the first and the second principal components covered 91.20% of the total data in this analysis. Accordingly, the desirable treatment was NPK5, followed by NPK4, NPK2, NPK3, NPK1, and NPK0. NPK4 and NPK5 had the most desirable treatments for the number of seeds per row, chlorophyll, weight of 1000 seeds, and stem diameter in the case of the FAO410 hybrid.

Penerapan Budidaya Melati Berdasarkan Gap di Kawasan Florikultura Jingah Habang Ilir Kabupaten Banjar

The community service activity entitled the application of jasmine cultivation based on the gap in the Jingah Habang ilir floriculture area of Banjar district was carried out on September 12, 2019. This activity was carried out in the form of training with lecture methods, discussions/questions and answers, and quizzes. This activity aims to (1) provide knowledge and guidance to farmers regarding jasmine cultivation based on GAP, (2) assist local governments in developing floriculture areas in Banjar Regency. The target audience of this community service activity are jasmine producing farmers in the floriculture area of Jingah Habang Ilir village, Karang Intan district, Banjar district, South Kalimantan. The results of community service were measured descriptively from the responses given during the training activities, as well as from the follow-up carried out by producer farmers after the training. Follow-up by producer farmers is seen from filling out questionnaires carried out by 10 producer farmers in 2021. The level of achievement can be achieved through changes in thinking and attitudes in carrying out jasmine cultivation based on GAP. Based on the findings in this community service activity, it can be seen that the jasmine cultivation that has been carried out by producer farmers only uses empirical science, namely science based on the experience of ancestors, as well as "trial and error" that occurs in the field. The evaluation carried out after 1.5 years of training in 2021 showed that the implementation of the GAP for jasmine cultivation that had been carried out by farmers was 100% having carried out land management both using machines and human power. Farmers have prepared the seeds according to the recommendation, namely 90% have used stem cuttings with a brownish green color. Farmers have provided complete fertilizer containing N, P, and K, of which 40% have fertilized 3 times a year. Farmers still need assistance to apply GAP to other components of cultivation practices to make the floriculture area in Banjar district sustainable.

Digital methodology for analyzing the yield of sugar beet on leached chernozem of the Krasnodar Territory

In the article, a mathematical expression is obtained that characterizes the effect of the doses of introduced fertilizers, the content of nutrients in the soil and their absorption by sugar beet plants on the yield of this crop. With the help of the developed mathematical model, the optimal values of the content of macronutrients in soil and plants are determined: nitrogen ~ 21.81 mg/kg and 1.02 %; phosphorus ~ 58.88 mg/kg and 0.33 %; potassium ~ 120.21 mg/kg and 1.33%, respectively, which accumulate when introducing a complete fertilizer at a dose of N80P80K80. This leads to the achievement of the maximum yield of root crops, which corresponds to the calculated value of this indicator ≈of 56.94 and 64.6 t/ha and coincides with the experimental one = 57.9 and 62.0 t/ha, respectively, obtained in this variant. The introduced fertilizers containing boron contributed to a more intensive absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by root crops. The use of trace elements causes a tendency to increase the yield of this crop.

Effets du lit, de la densité de plantation et de la fertilisation sur la croissance végétative de l’ananas (Ananas comosus L., var. MD2) à différentes saisons de planting dans la zone de Bonoua en Côte d’Ivoire

L’objectif de ce travail était de définir un itinéraire de culture favorable à la croissance des plants d’ananas MD2 en fonction des saisons de mise en culture dans la localité de Bonoua, au Sud - Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les effets de trois lits de plantation (terrain plat, billon sans un film polyéthylénique et billon recouvert avec un film polyéthylénique) ; de deux densités de plantation (50000 et 70000 plants/ha) ; de quatre types de fumure [F1 (Urée + Potasse) ; F2 (Urée + Potasse + Oligoéléments) ; F3 (Urée + Potasse + Engrais complet) et F4 (Urée + Potasse + Engrais complet + Oligoéléments)] et de deux fréquences d’application de fertilisants (3AP et 7AP) ont été testés. Au terme de la phase végétative du cycle, les comparaisons intersaisons des paramètres mesurés ont montré que quels que soient les traitements appliqués, le nombre de feuilles vivantes et la longueur de la feuille D les plus importants, ont été obtenus lorsque les plantings ont été réalisés à la grande saison pluvieuse. Les masses des feuilles D ont été supérieures au seuil de 70 g pour les plantings effectués pendant la petite et la grande saison pluvieuse, ainsi qu’à la grande saison sèche. La confection de billons a permis aux plants d’ananas MD2 d’avoir une bonne croissance végétative en saison sèche dans la localité de Bonoua.Mots clés : Ananas MD2, croissance, feuille D, saison, Fertilisant, Côte d’Ivoire. English Title: Effects of bedding, planting density and fertilization on the vegetative growth of pineapple (Ananas comosus L., var. MD2) at different planting seasons in the Bonoua zone in Côte d'Ivoire The objective of this work was to define a cultivation itinerary favorable to the growth of MD2 pineapple plants according to the growing seasons in the locality of Bonoua, in the South - East of Côte d'Ivoire. The effects of three planting beds (flat ground, ridge without a polyethylene film and ridge covered with a polyethylene film); two planting densities (50,000 and 70,000 seedlings/ha); four types of manuring [F1 (Urea + Potash)]; F2 (Urea + Potash + Trace elements); F3 (Urea + Potash + Complete fertilizer) and F4 (Urea + Potash + Complete fertilizer + Trace elements)] and two fertilizer application frequencies (3AP and 7AP) were tested. At the end ofthe vegetative phase of the cycle, inter-season comparisons of the measured parameters showed that, regardless of the treatments applied, the most important number of live leaves and leaf length D were obtained when the plantings were carried out during the long rainy season. The D-leaf masses were above the threshold of 70 g for plantings carried out during the short and long rainy seasons, as well as during the long dry season. The making of ridges allowed the MD2 pineapple plants to have a good vegetative growth during the dry season in the locality of Bonoua.Keywords: Pineapple MD2, growth, leaf D, season, Fertiliser, Côte d’Ivoire.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Production as Influenced by Various Row and Hill Spacings

The study was conducted to determine the yield of peanut as affected by different row and hill spacings. The experiment was done under the soil and climatic requirements of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines with an average temperature of 27.3 0C. The experiment was laid using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with sixteen combined treatments. An area of 80 square meters was divided into 16 plots, each plots measured 1m by 5m excluding canals. There were two factors used in the study, the different rows and hill spacings. The row spacing used were R1 (12 inches), R2 (16 inches), R3 (20 inches), R4 (24 inches) and the hill spacing used were H1 (6 inches), H2 (7 inches), H3 (8 inches), H4 (9 inches). Complete fertilizer was drilled at the base of the plant 30 days after planting at the rate of 1.83 grams per hill. Tobacco spray was applied twice, first at 15 DAP and second at 50 DAP and kakawate spray was applied 43 days from planting to prevent and repel insect pest. Result revealed that the average number of pods per plant per plot, average weight of pods in gram per plant per plot, total number of pods per plot, and total weight of pods in kilogram per plot had no significant difference as affected by different row and hill spacings. However, the result on the average number of seeds per plant per plot showed that there is a significant difference among treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that the computed “f1” is greater than the tabulated “f1” at 5% level of significance.

Effects of Led Supplementary Lighting and NPK Fertilization on Fruit Quality of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Grown in Plastic House

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a high-value fruit in Thailand, usually grown in plastic houses where light could become a major limiting growth factor. This study used melon cultivar ‘#120’ (orange flesh) grown in a plastic house under natural daylight (NDL, control) and with supplementary lighting using light emitting diodes (LEDs) of a combination of red 630 nm, red 660 nm, blue 450 nm, blue 460 nm, white 14000 K, UV 410 nm and IR 730 nm (LED1) or a combination of red 630 nm, red 660 nm, blue 450 nm and blue 460 nm (LED2) applied for 12 h from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am. These lighting treatments were combined with NPK fertilization using complete fertilizer 15–15–15 (N–P2O5–K2O) at 5 g, 7 g (recommended rate) or 9 g per plant. Results showed that LED2 combined with 9 g 15–15–15 was the most effective in increasing plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), fruit size and mass, and peel and flesh thickness. The fruit also developed the desired lighter color (higher L* and lower a* coordinates) and were the firmest and sweetest (highest soluble solids content and lowest titratable acidity) among all treatments.

The Effects of Tillage and Fertilizers on Growth Characteristics of Kabuli Chickpea Under Mediterranean Conditions

Mediterranean semi-arid region is sensitive to physical, chemical and biological soil disturbances related to intensive tillage. Presented field experiment was conducted at Razan district, Hamedan, located in central west zone, Iran during the 2017–2018 growing season. It dealt with the effects of different tillage methods and treatments on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of spring Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated condition. Effects of two tillage methods – inversion tillage (mouldboard ploughing – T1) and non-inversion tillage (chisel ploughing – T2) – in combination with five different fertilization treatments (C: complete fertilizer; 20FYM: 20 Mg·ha−1 farmyard manure; 40FYM: 40 Mg·ha−1 farmyard manure; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at 2-1-1 ratio; 0: no fertilizer for the control purposes) were studied. The experiment was carried out in split block design with three replications. Results showed that application of 40FYM under T1 condition significantly decreased the number of days to seedling emergence. The highest number of days to flowering was recorded for plants cultivated with inorganic fertilization and reduced tillage. Application of large amounts of FYM significantly increased the ground cover and canopy width for both tillage methods. The highest number of secondary branches was recorded for combination 40FYM – T1, which was followed by C – T2. The pod number per plant was considerably sensitive to different combination of treatments and the best results were recorded for combinations 40FYM – T2; 20FYM – T2; and 40FYM – T1. A similar trend was also recorded for the total dry matter. The heaviest seeds were observed in cases with the application of high levels of FYM. The highest seed yield was observed for plants cultivated using 40FYM – T2. Furthermore, the highest harvest index was recorded for 40FYM – T2, and C – T2. The results indicate that non-inversion tillage together with high-level FYM application can significantly affect the yield levels.