Chemical constitution and activity of bipyridinium herbicides. XV. Synthesis, reduction and biological activity of 4,4'-Azobis(1-methylpyridinium) bis(methyl sulfate)

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Rockley ◽  
LA Summers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Methyl Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Constitution

4,4'-Azobis(1-methylpyridinium) bis(methyl sulfate) is reduced in aqueous solution by zinc powder to the corresponding hydrazo diquaternary salt.

Chemical Constitution and Activity of Bipyridinium Herbicides. XIII. Synthesis, Reduction Potential and Biological Activity of 1-Methyl-4-[[(methylpyridinium-4-yl)Imino]methyl]pyridinium Diiodide

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rockley ◽  
L Summers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Radical Cation ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Zinc Dust ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Ph Range

A diquaternary salt from the azomethine N-(pyridin-4- ylmethylene)pyridin-4-amine has been prepared. The salt is slowly reduced by zinc dust in aqueous solution to a red radical cation at a potential (E0) of -0.64 V in the pH range 5.2-8.0. In keeping with its low reduction potential the salt is very much less active than paraquat as a post-emergent herbicide.

New Macrocyclic Complexes Derived From Cobalt(III) Cage Complexes

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
II Creaser ◽  
T Komorita ◽  
AM Sargeson ◽  
AC Willis ◽  
K Yamanari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Macrocyclic Ligand ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Complexes ◽  
Nitrogen Donor ◽  
Asymmetric Nitrogen

The synthesis and partial characterization of several green complexes, derived from the products of the reactions between [Co(Cl2-sar)]3+ (Cl2-sar = 1,8-dichloro-3,6,10,13,16,19- hexaazabicyclo [6.6.6] icosane ) and zinc powder in water, are described. Most of the complexes appear to have [CoCl2(N4)] chromophores , where N4 denotes the tetraaza macrocyclic ligand , 6,13-dimethylene-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L1). For trans-[CoCl2(L1)]+, three isomers due to different configurations about the asymmetric nitrogen donor centres were obtained and characterized by the electronic absorption and 13C n.m.r. spectra. Their stereochemistry is discussed and compared with that of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane on the basis of strain energy minimized calculations. A trans-[CoCl2(H2L2)]3+ complex containing a related macrocycle with a pendant ethane-1,2-diamine arm [H2L2+, 6-(4-ammonio-2-azoniabutyl)-13-methylene-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] was also isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. All these molecules are derived from the decomposition of zinc alkyl complexes formed by oxidative addition of zinc to the parent [CoII(Cl2-sar)]2+ ion in aqueous solution.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR OXYTOCIN: SENSITIVITY OF THE ASSAY IN AQUEOUS BUFFER SOLUTION, SPECIFICITY AND THE DISSOCIATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. CHARD ◽  
M. L. FORSLING ◽  
M. A. R. JAMES ◽  
M. J. KITAU ◽  
J. LANDON
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Aqueous Buffer ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Other Substances

SUMMARY A radioimmunoassay for oxytocin in aqueous solution is described, with a sensitivity comparable with the best current bioassays. It is highly specific; arginine-vasopressin and lysine-vasopressin interfere only at 1000-fold greater concentration, while bradykinin, histamine, acetycholine and many other substances, which interfere with some bioassays, have no effect. In certain circumstances, there is a dissociation between loss of biological and immunological activity. Thus reducing agents had no effect on immunological activity, in contrast to their effect on biological activity. In late pregnancy plasma, the biological activity of oxytocin is destroyed more rapidly than the immunological activity. Radioimmunoassays have considerable advantages over bioassays both in convenience and specificity. However, bioassays should be employed for reference purposes because of the dissociation between biological and immunological activity that may occur.

X-ray Scattering from Immunostimulatory Tetrapod-Shaped DNA in Aqueous Solution To Explore Its Biological Activity–Conformation Relationship

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (35) ◽  
pp. 10373-10379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sanada ◽  
Shunsuke Sakamoto ◽  
Tomoki Shiomi ◽  
Tadashi Okobira ◽  
Efstratios Mylonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering
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