Electrochemical Actuator Devices Based on Polyaniline Yarns and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Lu ◽  
Ian D. Norris ◽  
Benjamin R. Mattes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Force Increase ◽  
Linear Actuators ◽  
Electromechanical Actuation

We report the development of conducting polymer electrochemical linear actuators from ionic liquids (as electrolytes) and polyaniline yarns and hollow fibres (as electrode materials). With a yarn-in-fibre configuration, these actuators were simple to fabricate and allowed two-electrode operation without a reference electrode. Typical electromechanical actuation behavior of expansion, with force decrease, and contraction, with force increase, during charge injection and removal has been realized for these actuators. Stress generation of these actuators was 0.42–0.85 MPa, which exceeds that of skeletal muscle (0.1–0.5 MPa). Practical application of these actuators has been successfully demonstrated by using the electrochemical actuation of a yarn-in-fibre actuator to drive a cantilever object. Importantly, this yarn-in-fibre configuration would allow the combination of an appropriate number of yarns as the actuation electrode to accomplish the mechanical task, depending on the weight of the object.

scholarly journals Controlled Nanostructuration of Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Electrode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Ronan Invernizzi ◽  
Liliane Guerlou-Demourgues ◽  
François Weill ◽  
Alexia Lemoine ◽  
Marie-Anne Dourges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
Cobalt Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Precipitation Medium ◽  
The Impact

Nanostructuration is one of the most promising strategies to develop performant electrode materials for energy storage devices, such as hybrid supercapacitors. In this work, we studied the influence of precipitation medium and the use of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquids for the nanostructuration of β(III) cobalt oxyhydroxides. Then, the effect of the nanostructuration and the impact of the different ionic liquids used during synthesis were investigated in terms of energy storage performances. First, we demonstrated that forward precipitation, in a cobalt-rich medium, leads to smaller particles with higher specific surface areas (SSA) and an enhanced mesoporosity. Introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) in the precipitation medium further strongly increased the specific surface area and the mesoporosity to achieve well-nanostructured materials with a very high SSA of 265 m2/g and porosity of 0.43 cm3/g. Additionally, we showed that ILs used as surfactant and template also functionalize the nanomaterial surface, leading to a beneficial synergy between the highly ionic conductive IL and the cobalt oxyhydroxide, which lowers the resistance charge transfer and improves the specific capacity. The nature of the ionic liquid had an important influence on the final electrochemical properties and the best performances were reached with the ionic liquid containing the longest alkyl chain.

scholarly journals Advances in sodium secondary batteries utilizing ionic liquid electrolytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247-3287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Matsumoto ◽  
Jinkwang Hwang ◽  
Shubham Kaushik ◽  
Chih-Yao Chen ◽  
Rika Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Liquid Electrolytes

This review summarizes the use of ionic liquids in Na secondary batteries and discusses their electrochemical performance with various electrode materials.

scholarly journals Electroreduction of Copper Dichloride Powder to Copper Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wu ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Gongxuan Chen ◽  
Xiaoling Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Low Solubility

There were a large number of ionic liquids electrodeposition reported in the literature; but were still in the laboratory stage some problems in the practical application of electrodeposition remain such as easily reacted with moisture in the air (AlCl3ionic liquid), high cost, and corrosive (dialkylimidazolium cation andBF4−,PF6−ionic liquid). In addition to the above shortcomings, low solubility of many metal salts in ionic liquids limits the practical application. In order to solve the problem of low solubility, [Bmim]Cl could be added [Bmim]PF6, which could significantly increase the solubility of metal chlorides; this method could be commonly used in preparing metal electrochemical reduction of metal chlorides. Our study showed that adding cationic groups in hydroxyl ionic liquid could cause the good solubility of transition metal chlorides, such as CuCl2. Complexation of hydroxyl functional group and transition metal ions increased solubility, resulting in a larger deposition current density and surface electrochemical reduction of copper nanoparticles deposited on the metal Ni. The electroreduction mechanism and behavior of CuCl2in hydroxyl ionic liquid and the Cu nanoparticle formation mechanism were investigated based on a comparison between similar experiments in the ionic liquid.

scholarly journals Prospects and Design Insights of Neat Ionic Liquids as Supercapacitor Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallidanthiyil Chellappan Lethesh ◽  
Musbaudeen O. Bamgbopa ◽  
Rahmat Agung Susantyoko
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Supercapacitor Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Operating Potential ◽  
Ion Size

Ionic liquids present an opportunity to design efficient electrolytes for supercapacitors, which are among the most extensively studied electrochemical energy storage systems. Ionic liquids are promising candidates for supercapacitor electrolytes because they can eliminate issues associated with aqueous and organic solvent-based electrolytes, such as narrow operating potential windows, safety, and performance. The full potential of ionic liquids as electrolytes in supercapacitors need to be further explored due to promising previous efforts invested in ionic liquid-based electrolyte systems for supercapacitor. This review aims to provide an outlook on neat (pure) ionic liquids applied as supercapacitor electrolytes to isolate the prospects and influences of ionic liquids in supercapacitor electrolyte systems. This work primarily focuses on ionic liquid chemistry links to their performance in supercapacitor electrolytes. Deduced features of importance to supercapacitor performance include the presence of functional groups in the ionic liquids, the ionic liquids physicochemical and electrochemical properties. With the different classes of ionic liquids evaluated, ion size-pore size matching of ionic liquid electrolytes and electrode materials, respectively, affect resulting capacitances and energy densities. Several design strategies to enhance supercapacitor performance by improving ionic liquid transport and electrochemical properties are proposed. The proposed strategies and obtained insights consequently informed further discussions on challenges associated with the commercialization of ionic liquids electrolytes.

Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Pomposo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

Dynamics of Ion Locking in Doubly Polymerized Ionic Liquids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Julisa Rozon ◽  
Jennifer Laaser
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Ion Motion ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Insight Into

<div>In this work, we investigate the dynamics of ion motion in “doubly-polymerized” ionic liquids (DPILs) in which both charged species of an ionic liquid are covalently linked to the same polymer chains. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is used to characterize these materials over a broad frequency and temperature range, and their behavior is compared to that of conventional “singly-polymerized” ionic liquids (SPILs) in which only one of the charged species is attached to the polymer chains. Polymerization of the DPIL decreases the bulk ionic conductivity by four orders of magnitude relative to both SPILs. The timescales for local ionic rearrangement are similarly found to be approximately four orders of magnitude slower in the DPILs than in the SPILs, and the DPILs also have a lower static dielectric constant. These results suggest that copolymerization of the ionic monomers affects ion motion on both the bulk and the local scales, with ion pairs serving to form strong physical crosslinks between the polymer chains. This study provides quantitative insight into the energetics and timescales of ion motion that drive the phenomenon of “ion locking” currently under investigation for new classes of organic electronics.</div>

Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis of Some 2-Aminobenzenethiols

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Dinesh K. Jangid ◽  
Keshav L. Ameta ◽  
Surbhi Dhadda ◽  
Anjali Guleria ◽  
Prakash G. Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Presence And Absence

Ionic Liquid assisted efficient synthesis of some 2-aminobenzenethiols has been reported using three different Ionic Liquids (ILs) namely methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [MIM]+[BF4]−, methylimidazolium chloride [MIM]+[Cl]− and methylimidazolium nitrate [MIM]+[NO3]−. A comparative study has been carried out for the synthesis of target molecules in the presence and absence of IL, leading to conclusion that maximum yield has been observed with [MIM]+[BF4]−.

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Ionic Liquid and Spectrophotometric Determination of Bilirubin in Biological Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-659
Author(s):  
Asiye A. Avan ◽  
Hayati Filik
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Background: An Ionic Liquid-based based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (IL-DLLME) method was not applied to preconcentration and determination of bilirubin. Ionic Liquids (ILs) are new chemical compounds. In recent years, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been employed as alternative solvents to toxic organic solvents. Due to these perfect properties, ILs have already been applied in many analytical extraction processes, presenting high extraction yield and selectivity for analytes. Methods: In this study, IL-DLLME was applied to biological samples (urine and serum) for the spectrophotometric detection of bilirubin. For bilirubin analysis, the full-color development was based on the reaction with periodate in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The high affinity of bilirubin for the ionic liquid phase gave extraction percentages above 98% in 0.3 M HCl solution. Results: Several IL-extraction parameters were optimized and room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl- 1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and ethanol were used as extraction and disperser solution. The linear range was found in the range of 0.5-6.0 μM (0.3-3.5 μg mL-1) and the limits of detection of the proposed method was 0.5 μM (0.3 μg mL-1). The proposed method was applied for the preconcentration and separation of trace bilirubin in real urine samples. Also, the recoveries for bilirubin in spiked biological samples (urine and serum) were found to be acceptable, between 95-102%. Conclusion: The proposed IL-DLLMEapproach was employed for the enrichment and determination of trace levels of bilirubin in urine samples using NaIO4 as an oxidizing agent and Uv-vis spectrophotometric detection. The periodate oxidation of bilirubin is rapid, effective, selective, and simple to perform. The method contains only HCl, NaOI4, and an anionic surfactant. The method may be useful for economizing in the consumption of reagents in bilirubin determining. The IL-DLLMEmethod ensures a high yield and has a low toxicity no skin sensitization, no mutagenicity and no ecotoxicity in an aquatic environment since only very low quantities of an IL is required. For full-color formation, no any extra auxiliary reagents are required. Besides, the IL-DLLME technique uses a low-cost instrument such as Uv-vis which is present in most of the medical laboratories.

scholarly journals Ion conformation and orientational order in a dicationic ionic liquid crystal studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Majhi ◽  
Sergey V. Dvinskikh
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Orientational Order ◽  
Smectic Phase ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquid Crystals

AbstractIonic liquids crystals belong to a special class of ionic liquids that exhibit thermotropic liquid-crystalline behavior. Recently, dicationic ionic liquid crystals have been reported with a cation containing two single-charged ions covalently linked by a spacer. In ionic liquid crystals, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions in ionic sublayer and van der Waals interaction in hydrophobic domains are the main forces contributing to the mesophase stabilization and determining the molecular orientational order and conformation. How these properties in dicationic materials are compared to those in conventional monocationic analogs? We address this question using a combination of advanced NMR methods and DFT analysis. Dicationic salt 3,3′-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(1-dodecylimidazolium)dibromide was studied. Local bond order parameters of flexible alkyl side chains, linker chain, and alignment of rigid polar groups were analyzed. The dynamic spacer effectively “decouples” the motion of two ionic moieties. Hence, local order and alignment in dicationic mesophase were similar to those in analogous single-chain monocationic salts. Bond order parameters in the side chains in the dicationic smectic phase were found consistently lower compared to double-chain monocationic analogs, suggesting decreasing contribution of van der Waals forces. Overall dication reorientation in the smectic phase was characterized by low values of orientational order parameter S. With increased interaction energy in the polar domain the layered structure is stabilized despite less ordered dications. The results emphasized the trends in the orientational order in ionic liquid crystals and contributed to a better understanding of interparticle interactions driving smectic assembly in this and analogous ionic mesogens.

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