Genotype and Environment Strongly Influence Barley Anther Culture Response Using Australian Genotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Logue ◽  
LC Giles ◽  
DHB Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anther Culture Response

A screening of several Australian barley cultivars of commercial interest has identified a number of genotypes that respond well to anther culture, with average levels of green plant regeneration between 23 and 134 plants/100 anthers cultured. Donor plant growth conditions have a large impact on anther culture response and, although optimal conditions for specific genotypes could possibly be identified, it is likely to be more effective for the production of large numbers of doubled haploids to settle for a broadly acceptable environment. Recent advances in methodology and the identification of responsive genotypes makes anther culture a feasible procedure for Australian barley breeding programs.

Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Anther Culture Response

The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also detected and indicate that the direction of the cross is important in determining microspore development. An embryogenic route to green plantlet formation was observed in a number of genotypes in the diallel experiment. The implications of these findings for barley improvement and genetics are discussed.Key words: doubled haploids, barley, anther culture, microspore, embryoid.

Responsiveness to anther culture in cultivars and F1 crosses of spring wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masojc ◽  
O. M. Lukow ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
N. K. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Embryoid Formation ◽  
N6 Medium ◽  
Regenerated Plant

Anther culturability of 43 cultivars and 6 F1 crosses representing different quality classes of spring wheat was studied using a glucose-containing, modified N6 medium (HNG). Generally high pollen embryoid formation (up to 111 embryoids per 100 anthers) was associated with lower green plant regeneration (up to 9.1 green plantlets per 100 embryoids) frequencies and a high proportion (63% on average) of albino plants. Anther response was found to be strongly affected by the genotype of the donor plants. Seven of the screened cultivars yielded more than one green regenerated plant per 100 anthers. The most responsive cultivars were Veery #2 (6.2), ST 6 (4.0), and Leader (3.6). No ability to regenerate green plantlets was shown by 10 of the genotypes. Anther responsiveness of F1 progenies as compared with the parental cultivars were different in each cross. Differences found between reciprocal crosses suggest that the cytoplasm of a donor plant may affect anther response. Haploid plants constituted 45% of the anther derived regenerants, while the remaining part was divided into 29% of spontaneous diploids and 26% of plants with abnormal chromosome numbers. Key words: Triticum aestivum, anther culture, doubled haploids, wheat

Low-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Promotes Wheat Anther Culture Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
XL Ding ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Anther Culture Response

This study examined the anther culture response of wheat to different doses of gamma radiation, and the interaction of radiation dose with a cold pretreatment of ears stored prior to culturing. The cultivars Grebe and Kite were chosen on the basis of their anther culture response, Grebe being highly responsive and Kite being non-responsive. Spikes of the two cultivars were exposed to various levels of gamma radiation (60Co source) ranging from 0 to 10 Gy (0.53 Gy min-1) before anthers were plated on an agarose-solidified medium. For Grebe, doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy resulted in more embryoids, higher green plant regeneration, and a greater number of spontaneously doubled haploids (DH), than in the non-irradiated control. The response in Kite was similar but less pronounced. The higher doses of radiation (7 and 10 Gy), however, were detrimental in both cultivars and at 10 Gy no embryoids or regenerants were produced. Anthers subjected to a cold pretreatment prior to irradiation responded significantly less than those cultured fresh. This study indicated that low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh explants can significantly improve regeneration from anther cultures in wheat and may stimulate a low frequency of regeneration in an otherwise non-responsive cultivar.

scholarly journals Doubled Haploids in Rice Improvement: Approaches, Applications, and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 425-447
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Katrina L. C. Nicolas ◽  
Jawahar Lal Katara ◽  
Ram Lakhan Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractExploitation of biotechnological tools in conventional breeding strategies is the need of the hour for overcoming limitations in rice production and productivity. In addition, improvement in quantity and quality along with resistance to climatic and disease stress in rice require immediate attention. Anther culture has proven its efficiency by instantaneously fixing homozygosity through diploidization of regenerated haploid plants. Therefore, androgenesis provides an efficient platform for developing inbred lines in a short period of time. Although anther culture shows its efficiency in speeding up breeding in several crop species, including rice, associated limitations still prevent the exploitation of its optimum potential. Although anther culture is well exploited in japonica rice breeding, its application in indica rice is limited because of inherent recalcitrant genetic backgrounds. The success of anther culture is determined by several factors that limit the efficiency of androgenesis. Identified constraints are early anther necrosis, poor-callus response, and proliferation, and low green-plant regeneration, along with the most frustrating albinism associated with indica rice, which has been considerably clarified. This chapter details the method of androgenesis and scope for improving the applicability of anther culture producing doubled haploids of rice in order to use it as a complementary tool for precision breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of D Genome on Wheat Anther Culture Response After Cold and Mannitol Pretreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Lazaridou ◽  
Chryssanthi Pankou ◽  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of the D genome on embryoid induction and green plant regeneration in wheat anther culture and how it is influenced by low temperature and mannitol treatment. For this reason, the anther culture response of two Canadian bread wheat cultivars and their extracted tetraploids (AABB) was studied. As controls two cultivars well responding to anther-culture (i.e. cvs. Kavkaz/Cgn and Acheron) and a no-responding cultivar (cv. Vergina) were used. Approximately 3000 anthers of these cultivars were cultured and three pre-treatments were applied: cold pre-treatment for 7 and 18 days at 4°C, and 0.3M mannitol for seven days at 4°C. W14 and 190-2 were used as induction and regeneration media, respectively, and the basic MS medium as the rooting medium. No green plants were produced from the tetraploids, which supports the view that the D-genome chromosomes are necessary for androgenic response in wheat. Furthermore, the Canadian cultivars performed better after 18-day pre-treatment at 4°C. The extracted tetraploids produced fewer embryoids and performed better after seven days of cold pre-treatment. The controls well responding to anther culture performed better than the Canadian cultivars, although their best response was recorded after seven-day cold pre-treatment. Cultivar Vergina produced no green plants. The presence of mannitol influenced negatively both embryoid and green plant production. It was concluded that the D genome plays a crucial role in anther culture response of wheat and that this response is influenced by both the genotype and the duration of cold pre-treatment.

The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

Low responsiveness of six-rowed genotypes to androgenesis in barley does not have a pleiotropic basis

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Castillo ◽  
L Cistué ◽  
I Romagosa ◽  
M P Vallés
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Induced Mutant

A heterozygous mutant for the two- and six-rowed character was isolated in the barley cultivar Igri through application of sodium azide to isolated microspore cultures and posterior regeneration. Six-rowed and two-rowed homozygotic plants were subsequently identified in the self-pollinated M2 progenies of the original heterozygous M1. Detailed molecular markers confirmed the isogenic nature of this recovered mutant and the original cultivar Igri. A comparative study of the anther culture response of this six-rowed induced mutant vs. diploid 'Igri' was performed to assess whether the two- or six-rowed gene influences anther culture response in barley through a pleiotropic effect or via linkage disequilibrium. No significant differences for any of the recorded variables throughout the in vitro regeneration process were detected between the 'Igri' six-rowed mutant and any of their two-rowed isogenic lines. This suggests that row-type association with anther culture response in barley cultivars is due to the effect of a tight linkage with other genes directly responsible for androgenic response.Key words: androgenesis, barley, linkage, mutation, pleiotropy, vrs1 locus.

scholarly journals High production of wheat double haploids via anther culture

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Sipka ◽  
Boris Kobiljski ◽  
Nikola Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Production ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Wheat Lines

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 14 randomly selected F1 hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed. Anthers were grown in vitro on a modified Potato-2 inductive medium. The hybrid NS111-95/Ana had the highest average values for androgenous capacity (33%) and callus yield (119%), while the hybrid NS 92-250/Tiha had the lowest values for these traits (9 and 21%, respectively). Seven genotypes (50%) had a frequency of green plants relative to the number of isolated anthers of over 10%, with the highest frequency of 21.3% (NS111-95/Sremica). This hybrid produced 12.8 doubled haploid (DH) lines per spike used for isolation. In the other genotypes, the number of produced DH lines per spike ranged from 1 (30?Sc.Smoc.88-89/Hays-2) to 11.2 (NS111-95/Ana). As half of the randomly selected genotypes exhibited high green plant regeneration ability and a high production of DH lines per spike, it can be concluded that in vitro anther culture can be successfully used in breeding programs for rapid production of homozygous wheat lines.

scholarly journals Doubled Haploids in Eggplant

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mir ◽  
Antonio Calabuig-Serna ◽  
Jose M. Seguí-Simarro
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Made In

Eggplant is a solanaceous crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruit. Eggplant breeding programs are mainly aimed to the generation of F1 hybrids by crossing two highly homozygous, pure lines, which are traditionally obtained upon several self crossing generations, which is an expensive and time consuming process. Alternatively, fully homozygous, doubled haploid (DH) individuals can be induced from haploid cells of the germ line in a single generation. Several attempts have been made to develop protocols to produce eggplant DHs principally using anther culture and isolated microspore culture. Eggplant could be considered a moderately recalcitrant species in terms of ability for DH production. Anther culture stands nowadays as the most valuable technology to obtain eggplant DHs. However, the theoretical possibility of having plants regenerated from somatic tissues of the anther walls cannot be ruled out. For this reason, the use of isolated microspores is recommended when possible. This approach still has room for improvement, but it is largely genotype-dependent. In this review, we compile the most relevant advances made in DH production in eggplant, their application to breeding programs, and the future perspectives for the development of other, less genotype-dependent, DH technologies.

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