Low-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Promotes Wheat Anther Culture Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
XL Ding ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Anther Culture Response

This study examined the anther culture response of wheat to different doses of gamma radiation, and the interaction of radiation dose with a cold pretreatment of ears stored prior to culturing. The cultivars Grebe and Kite were chosen on the basis of their anther culture response, Grebe being highly responsive and Kite being non-responsive. Spikes of the two cultivars were exposed to various levels of gamma radiation (60Co source) ranging from 0 to 10 Gy (0.53 Gy min-1) before anthers were plated on an agarose-solidified medium. For Grebe, doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy resulted in more embryoids, higher green plant regeneration, and a greater number of spontaneously doubled haploids (DH), than in the non-irradiated control. The response in Kite was similar but less pronounced. The higher doses of radiation (7 and 10 Gy), however, were detrimental in both cultivars and at 10 Gy no embryoids or regenerants were produced. Anthers subjected to a cold pretreatment prior to irradiation responded significantly less than those cultured fresh. This study indicated that low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh explants can significantly improve regeneration from anther cultures in wheat and may stimulate a low frequency of regeneration in an otherwise non-responsive cultivar.

Genotype and Environment Strongly Influence Barley Anther Culture Response Using Australian Genotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Logue ◽  
LC Giles ◽  
DHB Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anther Culture Response

A screening of several Australian barley cultivars of commercial interest has identified a number of genotypes that respond well to anther culture, with average levels of green plant regeneration between 23 and 134 plants/100 anthers cultured. Donor plant growth conditions have a large impact on anther culture response and, although optimal conditions for specific genotypes could possibly be identified, it is likely to be more effective for the production of large numbers of doubled haploids to settle for a broadly acceptable environment. Recent advances in methodology and the identification of responsive genotypes makes anther culture a feasible procedure for Australian barley breeding programs.

Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Anther Culture Response

The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also detected and indicate that the direction of the cross is important in determining microspore development. An embryogenic route to green plantlet formation was observed in a number of genotypes in the diallel experiment. The implications of these findings for barley improvement and genetics are discussed.Key words: doubled haploids, barley, anther culture, microspore, embryoid.

A cost-based index of anther culture response in diverse wheat-breeding germplasm

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Ling ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey ◽  
XL Ding
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Anther Culture Response

Anther culture response in a diverse range of Australian wheat-breeding genotypes was tested and expressed as a 'culturability index' based on the actual costs of the various laboratory procedures. When the delay from harvest to plating was up to 12 h, the use of low dose gamma irradiation did not increase the anther culture response in this array of genotypes. This is in contrast to previous findings for which spike harvesting, irradiation, and plating was completed within 3 h and the irradiation treatment increased the anther culture response. Internal contamination of immature spike explants with Fusarium poae caused significant loss of cultures and may be a persistent problem for cereal anther culture. For the genotypes producing green regenerants, costs ranged from $A1.40 to $85/green regenerant.

scholarly journals Doubled Haploids in Rice Improvement: Approaches, Applications, and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 425-447
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Katrina L. C. Nicolas ◽  
Jawahar Lal Katara ◽  
Ram Lakhan Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractExploitation of biotechnological tools in conventional breeding strategies is the need of the hour for overcoming limitations in rice production and productivity. In addition, improvement in quantity and quality along with resistance to climatic and disease stress in rice require immediate attention. Anther culture has proven its efficiency by instantaneously fixing homozygosity through diploidization of regenerated haploid plants. Therefore, androgenesis provides an efficient platform for developing inbred lines in a short period of time. Although anther culture shows its efficiency in speeding up breeding in several crop species, including rice, associated limitations still prevent the exploitation of its optimum potential. Although anther culture is well exploited in japonica rice breeding, its application in indica rice is limited because of inherent recalcitrant genetic backgrounds. The success of anther culture is determined by several factors that limit the efficiency of androgenesis. Identified constraints are early anther necrosis, poor-callus response, and proliferation, and low green-plant regeneration, along with the most frustrating albinism associated with indica rice, which has been considerably clarified. This chapter details the method of androgenesis and scope for improving the applicability of anther culture producing doubled haploids of rice in order to use it as a complementary tool for precision breeding.

scholarly journals Protection by pantothenol and beta-carotene against liver damage produced by low-dose gamma radiation.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
V S Slyshenkov ◽  
S N Omelyanchik ◽  
A G Moiseenok ◽  
N E Petushok ◽  
L Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Free Radical Biol ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Nadh Ratio ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Radioprotective Agent

Rats were exposed to a total dose of 0.75 Gy of gamma radiation from a 60Co source, receiving three doses of 0.25 Gy at weekly intervals. During two days before each irradiation, the animals received daily intragastric doses of 26 mg pantothenol or 15 mg beta-carotene per kg body mass. The animals were killed after the third irradiation session, and their blood and livers were analyzed. As found previously (Slyshenkov, V.S., Omelyanchik, S.N., Moiseenok, A.G., Trebukhina, R.V. & Wojtczak, L. (1998) Free Radical Biol. Med. 24, 894-899), in livers of animals not supplied with either pantothenol or beta-carotene and killed one hour after the irradiation, a large accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, as conjugated dienes, ketotrienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, could be observed. The contents of CoA, pantothenic acid, total phospholipids, total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio were considerably decreased, whereas the NAD/NADH ratio was increased. All these effects were alleviated in animals supplied with beta-carotene and were completely abolished in animals supplied with pantothenol. In the present paper, we extended our observations of irradiation effects over a period of up to 7 days after the last irradiation session. We found that most of these changes, with the exception of GSH/GSSG ratio, disappeared spontaneously, whereas supplementation with beta-carotene shortened the time required for the normalization of biochemical parameters. In addition, we found that the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and NADP-dependent malate (decarboxylating) dehydrogenase ('malic enzyme') in liver were also significantly decreased one hour after irradiation but returned to the normal level within 7 days. Little or no decrease in these activities, already 1 h after the irradiation, could be seen in animals supplemented with either beta-carotene or pantothenol. It is concluded that pantothenol is an excellent radioprotective agent against low-dose gamma radiation.

scholarly journals Effect of D Genome on Wheat Anther Culture Response After Cold and Mannitol Pretreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Lazaridou ◽  
Chryssanthi Pankou ◽  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of the D genome on embryoid induction and green plant regeneration in wheat anther culture and how it is influenced by low temperature and mannitol treatment. For this reason, the anther culture response of two Canadian bread wheat cultivars and their extracted tetraploids (AABB) was studied. As controls two cultivars well responding to anther-culture (i.e. cvs. Kavkaz/Cgn and Acheron) and a no-responding cultivar (cv. Vergina) were used. Approximately 3000 anthers of these cultivars were cultured and three pre-treatments were applied: cold pre-treatment for 7 and 18 days at 4°C, and 0.3M mannitol for seven days at 4°C. W14 and 190-2 were used as induction and regeneration media, respectively, and the basic MS medium as the rooting medium. No green plants were produced from the tetraploids, which supports the view that the D-genome chromosomes are necessary for androgenic response in wheat. Furthermore, the Canadian cultivars performed better after 18-day pre-treatment at 4°C. The extracted tetraploids produced fewer embryoids and performed better after seven days of cold pre-treatment. The controls well responding to anther culture performed better than the Canadian cultivars, although their best response was recorded after seven-day cold pre-treatment. Cultivar Vergina produced no green plants. The presence of mannitol influenced negatively both embryoid and green plant production. It was concluded that the D genome plays a crucial role in anther culture response of wheat and that this response is influenced by both the genotype and the duration of cold pre-treatment.

Responsiveness to anther culture in cultivars and F1 crosses of spring wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masojc ◽  
O. M. Lukow ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
N. K. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Embryoid Formation ◽  
N6 Medium ◽  
Regenerated Plant

Anther culturability of 43 cultivars and 6 F1 crosses representing different quality classes of spring wheat was studied using a glucose-containing, modified N6 medium (HNG). Generally high pollen embryoid formation (up to 111 embryoids per 100 anthers) was associated with lower green plant regeneration (up to 9.1 green plantlets per 100 embryoids) frequencies and a high proportion (63% on average) of albino plants. Anther response was found to be strongly affected by the genotype of the donor plants. Seven of the screened cultivars yielded more than one green regenerated plant per 100 anthers. The most responsive cultivars were Veery #2 (6.2), ST 6 (4.0), and Leader (3.6). No ability to regenerate green plantlets was shown by 10 of the genotypes. Anther responsiveness of F1 progenies as compared with the parental cultivars were different in each cross. Differences found between reciprocal crosses suggest that the cytoplasm of a donor plant may affect anther response. Haploid plants constituted 45% of the anther derived regenerants, while the remaining part was divided into 29% of spontaneous diploids and 26% of plants with abnormal chromosome numbers. Key words: Triticum aestivum, anther culture, doubled haploids, wheat

The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of doubled haploids derived from anther culture of M1 red rice plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmansyah NURMANSYAH ◽  
ADITYA H. SETYADI ◽  
NOR C. FATUMI ◽  
YENI FATMAWATI ◽  
RANI A. WULANDARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Plants

Abstract. Nurmansyah, Setyadi AH, Fatumi NC, Fatmawati Y, Wulandari RA, Purwantoro A. 2021. Genetic variation of doubled haploids derived from anther culture of M1 red rice plants. Biodiversitas 22: 4923-4929. The doubled haploid (DH) technology when integrated with induced mutation could accelerate development of local rice cultivars with several desirable traits. Anthers from the first generation of mutant (M1) plants were utilized for DH production. However, the effectiveness of inducing and fixing mutation requires detailed evaluation with the help of molecular techniques for its accuracy and reliability than that of morphological or biochemical assessments. The objective of this research was to develop and detect genetic variation of DH plants derived from anther culture of M1 plants. Seeds of local red rice cultivar, Cempo Abang, were treated with four gamma-ray doses (0, 100, 200, 300 Gy) and planted to produce the M1 plants. Panicles at the booting stage of the M1 plants were collected and used as donor anthers. The present study suggested that gamma irradiation treatments indirectly could increase callus formation. However, it also reduced the number of callus producing plantlets due to higher frequency of brown calli. Eleven spontaneous DH plants obtained in the study along with parental plants were assessed to determine the occurrence of genetic variation using six RAPD primers. The RAPD primers generated 51 bands, of which 34 alleles or 66.7% were polymorphic with an average of 5.6 polymorphic alleles per primer. The genetic similarity among parent and 11 DH lines based on Jaccard’s similarity index ranged from 0.622 to 0.902. The DNA polymorphism among the DH plants demonstrated the effect of gamma irradiation to create genetic variation. Therefore, this method could be used as an alternative for rice breeding programs especially to develop preferred traits in the local rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma-irradiation of seed potatoes on numbers of stems and tubers.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
A.J. Haverkort ◽  
D.I. Langerak ◽  
M. van de Waart
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Sprout Growth

In field trials with potatoes cv. Bintje, Jaerla and Spunta in which the seed tubers had been treated with gamma -rays from a 60Co source with doses varying from 0.5 to 27 Gy, tuber yield, harvest index and number of stems and tubers were determined. A dose of 3 Gy increased the number of tubers by 30% in Spunta in 2 out of 3 trials and by 17% in one trial in Jaerla, but it did not increase the number of tubers in Bintje. Doses of 9 or 10 Gy did not influence the number of tubers nor stems, and decreased harvest index. A dose of 27 Gy yielded off-type plants with reduced yield and number of tubers. gamma -Radiation affected the growth of the sprout apex, allowing lateral buds or divisions of the affected apex to develop into stems. To achieve larger numbers of tuber-bearing stems, tubers should preferably be irradiated at the start of sprout growth, about 5 months before planting. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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