scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Use of Prostaglandin

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
RD Hooley ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Artificial Induction

Injections of an analogue of prostaglandin F2Cl (T.F.lO!) initiated secretion of copious amounts of fluid resembling normal ovine milk when given to non-pregnant ewes with developed mammary glands. Injections of T.F.101 elicited a substantial but transient increase in the levels of prolactin in plasma. Results for intact and ovariectomized ewes were similar.

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Cattle by Use of Dexamethasone Trimethylacetate

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

Injections of dexamethasone trimethylacetate initiated lactation in nulliparous Ayrshire heifers previously given a series of injections of oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone to develop mammary glands. Essentially normal lactation occurred following injection of 20 mg/day dexamethasone for 3 days, whereas injection of 40 mg/day for 4 days initiated secretion of smaller volumes of milk-like fluid containing relatively high levels of lipid. Milking alone failed to initiate lactation.

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Relative Importance of Oxytocin and the Milking Stimulus

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Eight ovariectomized and four intact ewes were given oestrogen plus progesterone to develop the mammary glands. The intact ewes (group A) and four ovariectomized ewes (group B) then received four injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon for 5 days whereas the other four ovariectomized ewes (group C) received placebo injections of 0�9 % saline. Milking commenced the day after the last of these injections.

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Role of Prolactin

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

The mammary glands of 30 non-pregnant, intact ewes were developed by subcutaneously injecting oestrogen plus progesterone at intervals of 3 days from day 0 to day 27. Two days later (day 29), 15 ewes were injected subcutaneously with 18 mg ergocryptine, to inhibit specifically secretion of prolactin. Then groups of ewes, each comprising five ergocryptine-treated and five untreated ewes, were injected from days 30 to 34 with either four intravenous injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon, one subcutaneous injection each day of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate, or two subcutaneous injections each day of 2� 5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 6�25 mg progesterone. All ewes were milked by hand on days 30-50. Within 24 h of injecting ergocryptine, levels of prolactin in serum were reduced to negligible values ( < 2 ng/ml).

Artificial induction of lactation in unmated heifers and in heifers with reproductive abnormalities

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
DE Field ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
RJ Buesnel ◽  
TM Jessep
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Six unmated heifers and six heifers with reproductive abnormalities were induced to lactate artificially. Mammary glands were developed with a series of subcutaneous injections of oestrogen plus progesterone over either 30 or 60 days (priming phase) prior to triggering milk secretion with injections of dexamethasone trimethylacetate. All twelve heifers commenced lactation and the composition of their milk was similar to that of heifers lactating after calving, with the exception that the fat content was consistently high for heifers induced to lactate artificially (ca 4.1% and ca 5.3% respectively). Yields of milk and milk fat for heifers primed for 30 and 60 days, respectively, were not significantly different (P > 0.05) over the first five months of lactation. During this period, the mean milk yield of heifers induced to lactate artificially was 55% and 71%, and their mean yield of fat was 69% and 87% of corresponding yields for heifers lactating after normal and advanced calving, respectively. The hormone treatments did not correct reproductive abnormalities in heifers with aberrant reproductive capacity, neither did they impair reproductive capacity in 'normal' heifers. It appears that a suitable treatment for inducing lactation artificially in non-pregnant dairy cows would be to use a priming phase of 30 days followed by a trigger phase of 3 days.

Basal Lamina Formation in DMBA Induced Mammary Carcinoma

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
I. Russo ◽  
J. Saby ◽  
J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

It has been previously demonstrated that DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma originates in the terminal end bud (TEB) of the mammary gland by proliferation of intermediate type cells (1). The earliest lesion identified is the intraductal proliferation (IDP), which gives rise to intraductal carcinomas. These evolve to cribriform, papillary and comedo types (2). In the present work, we report the ultrastructural changes that take place in the IDP for the formation of a cribriform pattern.Fifty-five-day-old Sprague Dawley virgin female rats were inoculated intra- gastrically with 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 1 ml sesame oil. Non-inoculated, age-matched females were used as controls. Mammary glands from both control and experimental rats were removed weekly from the time of inoculation until 86 days post-inoculation. The glands were fixed and processed for electron microscopy (2).The first change observed in IDP's was the widening of intercellular spaces and the secretion of an electron dense material into these spaces (Fig. 1).

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

Ineffective Thrombopoiesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
JM Radley ◽  
SL Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Major Difficulty ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm

In effective thrombopoies is has been inferred to occur in several disease sates from considerations of megakaryocyte mass and platelet kinetics. Microscopic examination has demonstrated increased numbers of megakaryocytes, with a typical forms particularly pronounced, in primary myelofibrosis. It has not been documented if megakaryocyte ever fail to reach maturity in non-pathological situations. A major difficulty of establishing this is that the number of megakaryocytes normally present in the marrow is extremely low. A large transient increase in megakaryocytopoiesis can how ever be induced in mice by an injection of 5-fluorouracil. We have utilised this treatment and report here evidence for in effective thrombopoies is in healthy mice.Adult mice were perfused (2% glutaraldehyde in 0.08M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) 8 days following an injection of 5-fluorouracil (150mg/kg). Femurs were subsequently decalcified in 10% neutral E.D.T.A. and embedded in Spurrs resin. Transverse sections of marrow revealed many megakaryocytes at various stages of maturity. Occasional megakaryocytes (less than 1%) were found to be under going degeneration prior to achieving full maturation and releasing cytoplasm as platelets. These cells were characterized by a peripheral rim of dense cytoplasm which enveloped a mass of organelles and vacuoles (Fig. 1). Numerous microtubules were foundaround and with in the organelle-rich zone (Fig 2).

Clinical case of breast tumor relapse in domestic cat

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Grechko ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila F. Bodrova ◽  
Dmitriy K. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Grade

Domestic shorthair 10-year-old cat, not sterilized, not vaccinated, feeding from the table. We went to the clinic with breast cancer. General and special research methods were performed: blood analysis, x-ray examination of the lungs and abdominal ultrasound. Based on anamnesis and clinical examination, the diagnosis was made: a malignant breast tumor. The operation was performed. The operating material is sent for histological examination. Chemotherapy was prescribed. After the fi rst chemotherapy and monitoring of the animal's condition, it was necessary to perform a second unilateral mastoectomy of the remaining mammary glands, but the animal's owners refused to perform the operation. Chemotherapy was performed twice. Re-applied, after a year and a half with a sharp deterioration in the General condition and the appearance of a new tumor on the non-removed mammary glands. The owners refused the necessary treatment and decided to euthanize the cat. At the autopsy, breast neoplasms are presented as tubercles of various sizes. There are pronounced signs of inflammation, ulceration and necrosis foci. In the chest cavity, the lungs are enlarged, there were single and multiple formations of white and brown color, round shape of different diameters, dense consistency. There is a large number of metastases in the liver parenchyma. The organ is enlarged in size, dark brown in color, irregularly colored, with an uneven (bumpy) surface. In General, there are many dense nodes of a round-oval shape of white color, of various diameters. Histological examination of the tumor revealed foci of necrosis, atypical glandular complexes with frequently occurring mitosis figures. This structure indicates a low-grade breast adenocarcinoma. In the lungs, there is an expansion of the alveoli and bronchioles, thinning and rupture of the interalveolar partitions. There is a complex of tumor cells. In the liver, there is a lack of structural units of the liver, hepatocytes disperse chaotically, liver triads do not have a clear localization, atrophy and necrosis are expressed. Metastases in the liver, various forms. In a cat, a breast tumor interpreted as an adenocarcinoma had different biological behavior. At the initial diagnosis-adenocarcinoma of medium differentiation, and a year and a half later-low-grade adenocarcinoma.

ON THE ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF OVIPOSITOR GROWTH IN THE BITTERLING (RHODEUS AMARUS BL.)

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. DE GROOT ◽  
J. J. DUYVENÉ DE WIT
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Induction
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