Artificial induction of lactation in unmated heifers and in heifers with reproductive abnormalities

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
DE Field ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
RJ Buesnel ◽  
TM Jessep
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Six unmated heifers and six heifers with reproductive abnormalities were induced to lactate artificially. Mammary glands were developed with a series of subcutaneous injections of oestrogen plus progesterone over either 30 or 60 days (priming phase) prior to triggering milk secretion with injections of dexamethasone trimethylacetate. All twelve heifers commenced lactation and the composition of their milk was similar to that of heifers lactating after calving, with the exception that the fat content was consistently high for heifers induced to lactate artificially (ca 4.1% and ca 5.3% respectively). Yields of milk and milk fat for heifers primed for 30 and 60 days, respectively, were not significantly different (P > 0.05) over the first five months of lactation. During this period, the mean milk yield of heifers induced to lactate artificially was 55% and 71%, and their mean yield of fat was 69% and 87% of corresponding yields for heifers lactating after normal and advanced calving, respectively. The hormone treatments did not correct reproductive abnormalities in heifers with aberrant reproductive capacity, neither did they impair reproductive capacity in 'normal' heifers. It appears that a suitable treatment for inducing lactation artificially in non-pregnant dairy cows would be to use a priming phase of 30 days followed by a trigger phase of 3 days.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROLACTIN FOR LACTATION IN THE EWE

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. HOOLEY ◽  
JEANETTE J. CAMPBELL ◽  
J. K. FINDLAY
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
The Mean

The effect of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (bromocriptine) on the induction, initiation and maintenance of milk secretion was studied in post-parturient ewes and in ovariectomized ewes artificially induced to lactate by treatment with oestrogen plus progesterone and then dexamethasone. Treatment with bromocriptine (about 0·4 mg/kg every 3 days) lowered and maintained the plasma concentration of prolactin at < 12 ng/ml. Ewes receiving bromocriptine concurrently with oestrogen plus progesterone during the priming phase had a significantly lower (P< 0·05) mean cumulative milk yield than control ewes, although the milk of the treated ewes contained normal amounts of fat, protein and lactose. Administration of bromocriptine during dexamethasone-induced lactogenesis had no significant effect on the mean cumulative milk yield but significantly (P<0·05) increased the milk fat and protein content. In established lactation, bromocriptine markedly reduced the milk yield in both intact and ovariectomized ewes. The concentration of protein was not significantly affected although the milk fat content was higher in the bromocriptine-treated than in the control ewes. The effects of bromocriptine on milk yield and composition during galactopoiesis could be reversed by concurrent infusion of prolactin and the results suggest that prolactin is an important hormone during mammogenesis and galactopoiesis in the sheep.

Kisspeptin-10 Promoting the Synthesis of Milk Fat by Inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT6 Signaling Pathway via the GPR54 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cao ◽  
Juxiong Liu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lijun Ma ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Abstract Background Kp-10 is a peptide hormone mainly involved in the initiation tissue development in puberty. Recent studies have shown that Kp-10 is involved in fat synthesis. However, the role of Kp-10 in milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows has not been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between GPR54 and milk fat synthesis in dairy cows and to study the underlying mechanism in BMECs. Results The results showed that the expression of GPR54, SREBP1 and FASN in mammary glands of high-milk fat dairy cows were significantly higher than those in mammary glands of low-milk fat dairy cows. Meanwhile, 10nM Kp-10 can significantly inhibit AMPK/SIRT6 signaling pathway and promote milk fat synthesis in BMECs through its receptor GPR54. Overexpression of SIRT6 significantly reduced the acetylation level of SREBP1 and milk fat synthesis in BMECs.Conclusions These results suggested that Kp-10 inhibits the AMPK / SIRT6 signaling pathway by mediating GPR54, thereby increasing SREBP1 acetylation levels and increasing milk fat synthesis in BMECs.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

ADRENALECTOMY IN THE GOAT REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION

1958 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE ◽  
J. S. TINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY The mean survival period of twelve goats after adrenalectomy was 7·8±1·2 days. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive rise in the concentration of K and a fall of Na in the plasma. In the lactating goat there was a rapid inhibition of milk secretion and the concentration of K in the milk fell, while that of Na rose slightly as the yield dropped. Partial to complete maintenance of lactation was achieved in five lactating goats after adrenalectomy by implanting tablets of cortisone (or cortisone acetate) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA), a daily absorption of at least 6–12 mg cortisone (or its acetate) and 2·5 mg DCA being required. DCA was the more critical component of the combination. During replacement therapy, when the daily milk yield had become relatively steady, the composition of the milk (fat and solids-not-fat percentages) and the Na and K concentrations in the milk were within the pre-operative ranges, but during the periods of adrenal insufficiency, when the milk yield declined, there was a concomitant rise in milk-fat percentage and a fall in milk K. These changes, however, also occurred when the milk yields fell from other causes and so they may not be directly attributable to the lack of adrenal steroids.

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Role of Prolactin

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

The mammary glands of 30 non-pregnant, intact ewes were developed by subcutaneously injecting oestrogen plus progesterone at intervals of 3 days from day 0 to day 27. Two days later (day 29), 15 ewes were injected subcutaneously with 18 mg ergocryptine, to inhibit specifically secretion of prolactin. Then groups of ewes, each comprising five ergocryptine-treated and five untreated ewes, were injected from days 30 to 34 with either four intravenous injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon, one subcutaneous injection each day of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate, or two subcutaneous injections each day of 2� 5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 6�25 mg progesterone. All ewes were milked by hand on days 30-50. Within 24 h of injecting ergocryptine, levels of prolactin in serum were reduced to negligible values ( < 2 ng/ml).

Complete diets for dairy cows: the effect of energy concentration and change in energy concentration of a complete diet on intake and performance of lactating dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
J. A. Bines ◽  
R. F. Weller ◽  
Joanne Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYNinety-two British Friesians (56 cows and 36 heifers) were divided into two groups during weeks 3–10 of lactation and received ad libitum either complete diet H (65% concentrates, 35% grass silage, 11·7 MJ ME/kg D.M.) or diet M (50% concentrates, 50% grass silage, 11·2 MJ ME/kg D.M.). In weeks 11· 20 half the animals of each group continued to receive the same diet (HH or MM) while the other half were changed from diet H to M (HM) or from diet M to L (ML). Diet L contained 35% concentrates, 65% grass silage and 10·7 MJ ME/kg D.M. The crude protein concentration of all diets was maintained at about 157 g/kg D.M. by the addition of soya-bean meal to diets M and L.During weeks 3–10 the mean D.M. intake (kg/day), milk yield (kg/day), milk protein (g/kg) and live-weight change (kg/day) for animals on diets H and M were 15·0, 21·7, 33·3, 0·50 and 12·9, 20·2, 31·5, 0·35 respectively. Differences were significant for D.M. intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. Although milk-fat concentration of cows given diet H (40·2 g/kg) was similar to that of cows given diet M (39·9 g/kg), heifers receiving diet H had a significantly lower value (37·0 g/kg) than those given diet M (39·8 g/kg).When animals were changed from diet H to M or from M to L at week 11, D.M. intake, milk yield and milk-protein concentration decreased. However, milk-fat concentration and live-weight change were generally unaffected.During the complete experimental period, weeks 3–20, animals on treatments HH, HM, MM and ML had mean D.M. intakes and milk yields of 15·3, 14·2, 13·2, 12·4 kg/day and 19·7, 18·5, 17·8, 17·0 kg/day. Milk-protein concentration, was closely related to D.M. intake, but only with heifers did diet H significantly depress milk-fat concentration. The highest live-weight gain was recorded on treatment HH (0·40 kg/day) and the lowost on treatment ML (0·29 kg/day) with intermediate values for treatments HM and MM.In vivodigestibility coefficients of D.M. and organic matter for diet H (0·731, 0·757) were significantly higher than those of diet L (0·707, 0·734) with intermediate values for diet M. However, for acid-detergent fibre the digestibility coefficient for diet H was significantly lower (0·562) than for diet L (0·662). The digestibility coefficients for nitrogen in all three diets were similar.Estimates of mean efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation were made on a weekly basis and were 0·56 and 0·64 for animals on diets H and M in weeks 3·10. During weeks 11·20 the mean values for animals on treatments HH, HM, MM and ML were 0·46, 0·53, 0·51 and 0·59, respectively.

scholarly journals The characteristic of economically important traits of dairy cows depending on type of body constitution

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ruslana Stavetska ◽  
Yurii Dynko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Body Constitution

This study focuses on research of economically important traits of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with different types of body constitution. The aim of the study was to differentiate dairy cows into constitution types and to identify the best types in terms of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproductive capacity. The cows were differentiated into low-, mid- and high-capacity types of body constitution. Depending on their type the features of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproduction capacity of primiparous have been studied. It has been established, that the intensity of growth of heifers from birth to 18 months depended on the type of their body constitution. Higher live weight, absolute and average daily gains were characteristic of heifers with low-capacity body constitution. Their live weight at the age of 18 months on average was 388.5 kg, it was on 30.9 kg and 60.3 kg (Р < 0.01) more than live weight of mid- and high-capacity heifers. The advantages of low-capacity heifers in average daily gain during the growing period were 60 g and 117 g, respectively. The results of the exterior evaluation have shown that primiparous with the high-capacity type of body constitution had greater size and larger measurements primarily of the chest and barrel (Р < 0.05–0.001).The higher values of linear evaluation were also observed in cows with the high-capacity type, which were characterized by well-developed chest, wide rump, desired rear view of rear legs, firm udder attachment and strong central ligament. The power of influence of the type of body constitution on linear type traits ranged from 0.5 % (rear teat placement) to 46.2 % (chest width). Higher milk productivity was a characteristic of mid-capacity cows (an advantage of 305-d milk yield – 340–662 kg, milk fat yield – 9.0–21.0 kg, milk protein yield – 9.8–19.8 kg).The best results of reproduction capacity have been observed in cows with the high-capacity type of body constitution (calving percentage – 87.5 %)

scholarly journals Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
S. McParland ◽  
B. Coughlan ◽  
B. Enright ◽  
M. O’Keeffe ◽  
R. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Calibration Dataset ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Part

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting 24-hour milk yield and composition from a single morning (AM) or evening (PM) milk weight and composition. A calibration dataset of 37,481 test-day records with both AM and PM yields and composition was used to generate the prediction equations; equations were validated using 4,644 test-day records. Prediction models were developed within stage of lactation and parity while accounting for the inter-milking time interval. The mean correlation between the predicted 24-hour yields and composition of milk, fat and protein and the respective actual values was 0.97 when based on just an AM milk yield and composition with a mean correlation of 0.95 when based on just a PM milk yield and composition. The regression of predicted 24-hour yield and composition on the respective actual values varied from 0.97 to 1.01 with the exception of 24-hour fat percentage predicted from a PM sample (1.06). A single AM sample is useful to predict 24-hour milk yield and composition when the milking interval is known.

scholarly journals Effects of periparturient anthelmintic treatment on milk yield and quality in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Adil Borman ◽  
Md Faruk Islam ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Md Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Sandip Kispotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal parasite in periparturient dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and quality. Sixty mixed breed pregnant cows were selected divided into four groups, A (n=18), B (n=14), C (n=16) and D (n=12) and group D kept as control. Cows of group A were treated with Nitroxynilat the rate of 10 mg/kg bwt. s/c, 30 days before parturition and average feacal egg per gram(EPG) was reduced from 506.1 ± 172.3 to 157.8 ± 24.9 within 14 days. Group B were treated with combined triclabendazole and levamisoleat the rate of19.5 mg/kg bwt. orally at calving. The average EPG was reduced from 967.7 ± 237.1 to 172.0 ± 25.9. Group C were treated with same as group B at calving and 42 days after. The mean EPG fall from 794.6 ± 310.5 to 166.7 ± 26.2.In group D average EPG increased from 791.7 ± 268.5 to 864.2 ± 290.7. The mean change in EPG 14 days after treatment was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated (79.1%) cows than control (-9.2%). The average milk yield in all treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher in treated lactation (2.5 ± 0.7) than previous lactation (2.2 ± 0.7) and control cows (2.2 ± 0.8). Although, milk yields were higher in second parity (2.5 ± 0.7) than the first (2.4 ± 0.7), there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The percentage of milk fat, protein, lactose, SNF was significantly higher (P<0.05) in treated group than the control group.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 409-413

A review of the nutritional value of lupins for dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. White ◽  
V. E. Staines ◽  
M. vH. Staines
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The Mean

Australia is the world’s leading source of lupin grain, producing ~1 million tonnes annually, of which 30% is used by the domestic livestock industry and the rest is exported for use in animal diets, including dairy cows. The domestic dairy industry uses ~70 000 tonnes annually, mainly as a supplementary feed source in pasture-based systems. Although much published information exists on the nutritive value of lupins for dairy cows, it tends to be fragmented and, in some important instances, exists only in the form of reports or publications outside the mainstream scientific journals. This paper aims to present a critical assessment of the current knowledge regarding the nutritional value of lupins as a feed for dairy cows, and offers recommendations for future research. For cows grazing pasture or fed diets based on conserved pasture or cereal hay, the mean fractional response to lupin feeding was 0.53 kg milk/kg DM lupins, with a range of 0–0.97 kg/kg. The mean fractional forage substitution rate was 0.54 kg DM/kg lupins, and this appeared to be independent of the type of basal forage. In experiments using cows fed iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic total mixed rations, substituting oilseed protein such as soybean meal with cracked lupin grain had no significant effects on yield of milk, fat, and protein, but it reduced milk protein concentration and had mixed effects on fat concentration. There were no significant differences in milk yield or in fat or protein concentration when lupins were substituted for other pulse grains such as faba beans or peas. Treatment of lupin grain with heat or formaldehyde reduced lupin protein degradability in the rumen, but was not shown to have consistent benefits over untreated lupins in terms of increased milk yield. Substitution of cereal grains with an equivalent weight of lupins in dairy concentrate rations generally resulted in increased yield of milk, fat, and protein, and a higher fat concentration. The higher yield responses in most cases could be explained on the basis of the higher metabolisable energy content of lupins compared with cereal grains, although the contribution from a potentially lower incidence of rumen lactic acidosis could not be discounted. Feeding Lupinus albus lupins to cows significantly increased the concentration of C18 : 1 in milk and reduced that of C12 : 0–C16 : 0, thus shifting the fatty acid profile of milk towards national dietary guidelines for improved cardiovascular health in human populations. Although the review lists some recommendations for improving the nutritive value of lupins, current commercially available cultivars possess characteristics that make them attractive as a feedstuff for dairy cows.

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