scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Ewes: The Role of Prolactin

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

The mammary glands of 30 non-pregnant, intact ewes were developed by subcutaneously injecting oestrogen plus progesterone at intervals of 3 days from day 0 to day 27. Two days later (day 29), 15 ewes were injected subcutaneously with 18 mg ergocryptine, to inhibit specifically secretion of prolactin. Then groups of ewes, each comprising five ergocryptine-treated and five untreated ewes, were injected from days 30 to 34 with either four intravenous injections each day of 1 i.u. syntocinon, one subcutaneous injection each day of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate, or two subcutaneous injections each day of 2� 5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 6�25 mg progesterone. All ewes were milked by hand on days 30-50. Within 24 h of injecting ergocryptine, levels of prolactin in serum were reduced to negligible values ( < 2 ng/ml).

scholarly journals Artificial Induction of Lactation in Cattle by Use of Dexamethasone Trimethylacetate

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
GH McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

Injections of dexamethasone trimethylacetate initiated lactation in nulliparous Ayrshire heifers previously given a series of injections of oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone to develop mammary glands. Essentially normal lactation occurred following injection of 20 mg/day dexamethasone for 3 days, whereas injection of 40 mg/day for 4 days initiated secretion of smaller volumes of milk-like fluid containing relatively high levels of lipid. Milking alone failed to initiate lactation.

Artificial induction of lactation in unmated heifers and in heifers with reproductive abnormalities

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
DE Field ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
RJ Buesnel ◽  
TM Jessep
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Six unmated heifers and six heifers with reproductive abnormalities were induced to lactate artificially. Mammary glands were developed with a series of subcutaneous injections of oestrogen plus progesterone over either 30 or 60 days (priming phase) prior to triggering milk secretion with injections of dexamethasone trimethylacetate. All twelve heifers commenced lactation and the composition of their milk was similar to that of heifers lactating after calving, with the exception that the fat content was consistently high for heifers induced to lactate artificially (ca 4.1% and ca 5.3% respectively). Yields of milk and milk fat for heifers primed for 30 and 60 days, respectively, were not significantly different (P > 0.05) over the first five months of lactation. During this period, the mean milk yield of heifers induced to lactate artificially was 55% and 71%, and their mean yield of fat was 69% and 87% of corresponding yields for heifers lactating after normal and advanced calving, respectively. The hormone treatments did not correct reproductive abnormalities in heifers with aberrant reproductive capacity, neither did they impair reproductive capacity in 'normal' heifers. It appears that a suitable treatment for inducing lactation artificially in non-pregnant dairy cows would be to use a priming phase of 30 days followed by a trigger phase of 3 days.

SIDEROCALGIPHYLACTIC SENSITIZATION TO MASTOCYTE DISCHARGERS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Selye ◽  
Jean-Marie Dieudonné ◽  
René Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Skin Wheals

Experiments on rats indicate that, following so-called siderocalciphylactic sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and ferric dextran (Fe-Dex), the subcutaneous injection of minute amounts of various mastocyte depleters produces local calcified skin wheals. The possible role of the mastocyte in the production of physiologic and pathologic calcium depositions is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Specifics of Hormonal Status in Combined Dishormonal Pathology of the Uterus and Mammary Glands in Reproductive Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Shelygin ◽  
Nadezhda S. Guziy ◽  
Viktoria S. Kaplitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Status

The combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and mammary glands represents a great danger to the health of a woman, as well as impairs the quality of life, reduces the reproductive capacity of a woman and leads to premature loss of reproductive function. Steroid hormones play a large role in the regulation of proliferative changes in the uterus and mammary glands. Regulation of target organs, uterus and mammary glands, due to the presence of common mechanisms associated with the presence of the receptor apparatus in the tissues of these organs to sex hormones. The general links of pathogenesis and the high frequency of combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands are of interest to study not only isolated forms of proliferation, but also the development of a unified systematic approach to the study of this pathology. In recent times, there are opposing views on the role of hormonal dysfunction as a factor in proliferative processes. The management tactics of patients with pathological changes in the mammary gland in various gynecological diseases is an assessment of endocrine status, normalization of hormonal and metabolic disorders, especially when progesterone and cortisol are excreted, testosterone levels are increased, and hyperprolactinemia is affected. Special attention should be paid to patients with menstrual disorders, reproductive health disorders. We believe that the problem of the hyperproliferative processes of the uterus and mammary glands should not be considered only from the perspective of gynecological or mammological practice. This pathology is polymorphic and should have broad interdisciplinary connections with such disciplines as oncology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, therapy, pathomorphology, histology, obstetrics and gynecology. Only by studying all possible links of etiopathogenesis, by combining interdisciplinary communication, it is possible to effectively fight for the quality of patients with a combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands. Family planning, prevention of unplanned pregnancy, timely implementation of maternity, prevention of miscarriage, the use of modern contraceptives, support for breastfeeding is also of high importance for the prevention of disorders and the preservation, extension of reproductive capabilities, and the prevention of combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and breast.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNITY

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Cecil ◽  
Gustav I. Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Pneumococcus Type

1. Three subcutaneous injections of Pneumococcus Type II vaccine confer on monkeys a complete immunity against experimental Pneumococcus Type II pneumonia. A similar protection can be bestowed on monkeys against Pneumonococcus Type IV pneumonia by three subcutaneous injections of a vaccine prepared from the same strain of pneumococcus. 2. The subcutaneous injection of monkeys with three doses of Pneumococcus Type III vaccine confers a complete immunity against this type in only 50 per cent of cases (four out of eight monkeys vaccinated). 3. In spite of the immunity induced in monkeys by three subcutaneous injections of Pneumococcus Types II, III, and IV vaccine, specific protective bodies against the homologous types are not demonstrable in their serums when the vaccine is so administered.

Effect of pregestational sialoadenectomy of nursing mothers on eyelid opening of pups

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. R285-R289
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto ◽  
T. Oka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Epidermal Growth

The eyelid opening of pups born to and nursed by normal mice occurred by the 15th day of birth, whereas pregestational sialoadenectomy (removal of submandibular glands) of nursing mice delayed eyelid opening of their pups by as much as 5 days. Parotidectomy, however, had no effect on eyelid opening. Cross-foster nursing experiments indicated that the cause for delayed eyelid opening of pups was to be found in sialoadenectomized mothers, not their pups. Sialoadenectomized mothers had underdeveloped mammary glands that produced approximately 50% less milk than controls, and the amount of epidermal growth factor in their milk was similarly reduced. When epidermal growth factor, a polypeptide produced by the submandibular gland, was injected daily at a dose of 5 micrograms into sialoadenectomized pregnant mice, the eyelid opening of the pups nursed by their mothers occurred normally. These results are discussed with regard to the possible role of the submandibular gland and epidermal growth factor in neonatal eyelid opening.

Role of renal nerves in sodium depletion-induced salt appetite

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. R806-R812 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Thunhorst ◽  
R. F. Kirby ◽  
A. K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Water And Sodium Excretion

The ingestion of water and 0.3 M NaCl solution and the secretion of key hormones were studied in groups of intact and bilaterally renal-denervated rats after extracellular fluid depletion. Hypovolemia with mild hypotension was produced by subcutaneous injections of the diuretic furosemide (10 mg/kg) followed by injections of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (5 mg/kg s.c.). Denervated rats drank significantly less of a concentrated saline solution in response to depletion than intact control rats did, but drank similar amounts of water. Denervated rats finished testing in significantly greater negative water and sodium balance compared with controls. Renal denervation did not impair the secretion of renin and aldosterone or the formation of angiotensin I. The diminished sodium intake of denervated rats is not attributable to reduced water and sodium excretion in response to the hypovolemic protocol. These results indicate that the integrity of the renal nerves is important for the normal elaboration of salt appetite in response to hypovolemia/hypotension.

scholarly journals The role of erenumab in the treatment of migraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628642092711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P. Andreou ◽  
Matteo Fuccaro ◽  
Giorgio Lambru
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Doses

Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the first class of specifically developed preventive treatments for migraine. Clinical trials data suggest superiority of the CGRP mAbs to placebo in terms of prevention of migraine symptoms, migraine-specific quality of life and headache related disability. Treatment-related side effects overall did not differ significantly from placebo and discontinuation rate due to side effects has been low across the clinical trials, perhaps in view of their peripheral mode of action. Along with their route and frequency of administration, these novel class of drugs may constitute an improvement compared with the established arsenal of migraine treatments. Erenumab is a fully human antibody and the only mAb acting on the CGRP pathway by blocking its receptor. It is the first of the CGRP mAb class approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (May 2018) and the European Medicines Agency (July 2018). Erenumab exists in two different doses (70 mg and 140 mg) and it is administered with monthly subcutaneous injections. This review summarises erenumab pharmacological characteristics, clinical trials data, focusing on the potential role of this treatment in clinical practice.

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