scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits III. Cell Characteristics and Respiratory Activity of Light and Heavy Crop Fruits

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
TL Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Fruits

Cell size, total and protein nitrogen, and preclimacteric respiration have been studied for light and heavy crop fruit of certain Tasmanian-grown apple varieties. Differences in size of fruit from light and heavy crops have been shown to be due mainly to differences in cell size rather than in cell number. Respiration per cell, protein nitrogen per cell, and cell volume were closely intercorrelated but respiration per unit protein is greater in light crop fruit than in heavy crop.

Protein Nitrogen Content and Phosphorylative Activity of Apple Fruits During Ripening and Senescence

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Lewis ◽  
D Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Fruits

Respiratory activity, protein nitrogen content, and rate of esterification of infiltrated 32p have been followed during ripening and senescence at 20�0 in detached fruits of five apple varieties.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits II. Respiratory and Other Metabolic Activities as Functions of Cell Number and Cell Size in Fruit Development

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Robertson ◽  
JF Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apple Fruits

The relationship of respiratory activity and quantities of the chemical constituents to fruit size, cell size, and cell number in apple fruits of the variety Granny Smith were examined.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits IV. Seasonal Variation in Cell Size, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Respiration in Developing Granny Smith Apple Fruits

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A Pearson ◽  
RN Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Apple Fruits

Results of investigation of cell size, fruit size, nitrogen metabolism, and respiration rate over three successive seasons confirm the main conclusions of earlier papers in this series. Fruit left on the trees for a period beyond normal commercial maturity showed a very -large increase in soluble nitrogen with only slight increase in protein nitrogen. The relation of the nitrogen and organic acid metabolism to the climacteric rise in respiration is discussed.

Influence of fertilizer treatment on apple fruit composition and physiology. 1. Influence on cell size and cell number.

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Letham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Apple Fruits

Cell size and cell number in Sturmer Pippin apple fruits from trees receiving different fertilizer treatments have been determined. N fruit contained larger cells than U, P, NP, or NPK fruit of the same weight (K = 2 lb sulphate of ammonia, P = 4 lb superphosphate, and K = 1 lb sulphate of potash per tree per year: U = no fertilizer). Fruit from the latter four treatments did not show any consistent differences in cell size. In fruit of the average size for each treatment, differences in cell number per fruit were present,, N fruit containing fewer and larger cells than fruit from all other treatments. Cell number of NPK fruit was greater than that of U fruit. Mean cell volumes for fruit from the various treatments were significantly correlated with the incidences of internal breakdown in storage in each of three years. IS fruit of varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Dunn's Favourite contained larger cells than U or SPK fruit of the same size. Delicious SPK fruit contained smaller cells than U or IS fruit), the cell sizes of which did not differ.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits I. Cell Size, Cell Number, and Fruit Development

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M Bain ◽  
RN Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Apple Fruits

The problem of fruit size in the Australian apple variety Granny Smith was examined in relation to mean cell size and mean cell number. Cell size gradients in the fruit and changes in cell shape and packing during development were noted.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits VII. Between-Tree Variation of Cell Physiology in Relation to Disorder Incidence

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
TL Lewis ◽  
J Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Apple Fruits

Mean cortical cell size, soluble and protein nitrogen per cell, preclimacteric respiration, mean fruit size, and incidence of disorders have been studied for fruit of each tree in a plot of 35 trees of Jonathan variety. These trees were remarkably uniform with regard to soil, aspect, tree size, and pollinating variety, but provided a range of mean fruit size per tree.

scholarly journals Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Sasaki ◽  
Yoshifumi Saisho ◽  
Jun Inaishi ◽  
Yuusuke Watanabe ◽  
Tami Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Islet Morphology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes is characterised by reduced beta cell mass (BCM). However, it remains uncertain whether the reduction in BCM in type 2 diabetes is due to a decrease in size or number of beta cells. Our aim was to examine the impact of beta cell size and number on islet morphology in humans with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods Pancreas samples were obtained from 64 Japanese adults with (n = 26) and without (n = 38) type 2 diabetes who underwent pancreatectomy. Using pancreatic tissues stained for insulin, we estimated beta cell size based on beta cell diameter. Beta cell number was estimated from the product of fractional beta cell area and pancreas volume divided by beta cell size. The associations of beta cell size and number with islet morphology and metabolic status were examined. Results Both beta cell size (548.7 ± 58.5 vs 606.7 ± 65.0 μm3, p < 0.01) and number (5.10 × 108 ± 2.35 × 108 vs 8.16 × 108 ± 4.27 × 108, p < 0.01) were decreased in participants with type 2 diabetes compared with those without diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number (37%) being greater than for beta cell size (10%). Beta cell number but not size was positively correlated with BCM in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (r = 0.97 and r = 0.98, both p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.45, p < 0.01). Conclusions/interpretation Both beta cell size and number were reduced in participants with type 2 diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number being greater. Decrease in beta cell number appears to be a major contributor to reduced BCM in type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract

Water content of rat adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes in relation to cell size

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M DiGirolamo ◽  
JL Owens
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Adipose Mass

Epididymal adipose tissue composition and adipocyte water content were studied in male rats during growth and development of spontaneous obesity. The data show that a highly significant positive correlation exists between fat-cell volume and intracellular water space (IWS) (r=.967, P less than .001). Intracellular water, expressed as picoliters per fat cell, varied from 1.5-2 in small fat cells (mean vol, 30-50 pl) to 9-10 in large cells (800-1,000 pl). When expressed as percent of fat-cell volume, IWS varied from 5-7% in the small fat cells to 1-1.3% in the large ones. Total adipose tissue water continued to increase with increasing adipose mass. Similarly, total adipocyte water increased with enlarging cell size and tissue mass. The contribution of total adipocyte water (as contrasted to that of nonadipocyte water) to total tissue water, however, was found to be limited (less than 23%) and to decline progressively with adipose mass expansion.

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