A feral goat rumen fluid inoculum improves nitrogen retention in sheep consuming a mulga (Acacia aneura) diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Miller ◽  
JD Brooker ◽  
LL Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Feral Goat ◽  
Goat Rumen

Rumen micro-organisms which are resistant to high levels of condensed tannins (CT) may constitute a unique response by feral goats to the nutritive depressing effects of mulga (Acacia aneura) CT. Transferring these micro-organisms to domestic livestock lacking this response may be beneficial when CT-rich mulga diets are consumed. Three experiments were conducted in which sheep consuming a mulga diet were given a ruminal inoculation of feral goat rumen fluid (FGRF). Feed intake and nitrogen (N) retention were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in both sheep and domestic goats following inoculation and in inoculated compared with uninoculated sheep. Inoculation also improved N digestibility and reduced the rate of liveweight loss in sheep and domestic goats. These improvements were of similar magnitude to those attributable to the traditional N, phosphorus and sulfur mineral supplement for mulga fed sheep. FGRF inoculated sheep also grew as much wool as uninoculated sheep receiving a production enhancing mineral supplement. The results from these experiments suggest that FGRF is readily transferable to sheep and improves N metabolism in these animals. Using micro-organisms from FGRF as an inoculum for sheep consuming a mulga diet has the potential to be an alternative to mineral supplements.

An in vitro cultured rumen inoculum improves nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Miller ◽  
A. V. Klieve ◽  
J. J. Plumb ◽  
R. Aisthorpe ◽  
L. L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Laboratory Fermentor ◽  
Feral Goat ◽  
Goat Rumen

Mixed cultures of anaerobic micro-organisms were derived from feral goat rumen fluid (FGRF) using a laboratory fermentor to selectively culture microbes actively degrading mulga, and were evaluated as rumen inocula in digestion and liveweight studies with mulga-fed sheep. When placed in the rumen of sheep, FGRF enhances mulga digestion; however, limited supplies of feral goats, the labour involved in locating and mustering goats, and likely variations in the microbial composition of FGRF between animals and localities make the production of an in vitro cultured inoculum a desirable alternative to enable widespread adoption. The cultured inoculum significantly (P < 0·05) improved nitrogen digestion and retention in mulga-fed sheep by 16 and 76%, respectively. Inocula consisting of simplified mixtures of bacteria isolated from sheep, feral goats, and native marsupials did not affect mulga digestion. In the first of 2 liveweight studies, sheep inoculated with the fermentor inoculum lost significantly less weight than uninoculated sheep for the first 57 days (0·3 v. 4·6 kg); however, after 83 days the difference in the rate of liveweight loss between the fermentor inoculum group and the uninoculated sheep was not significant (53 v. 95 g/day). In the second study, liveweight loss was not significantly reduced by the fermentor inoculum. An inoculum based on FGRF, and produced in vitro using a fermentor, is potentially valuable to grazing enterprises reliant on mulga-fed sheep. However, problems in generating a consistent inoculum need to be addressed before such an inoculum can be generally considered.

scholarly journals The effect of phosphate and carbonate-bicarbonate supplements on the rumen buffering systems of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Emmanuel ◽  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
D. McAleese
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ph Range

1. Two wethers fitted with permanent rumen cannulas were used to study the effect of two mineral supplements, Na2HPO4 and a 1:1 mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, on the buffering system in the rumen of sheep given a pelleted roughage-concentrate diet.2. Measurements were made of rumen pH, buffering capacity value (β), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), CO2 and inorganic phosphorus concentrations as well as rumen cellulase activity.3. The addition of either mineral supplement to the diet significantly (P < 0.001) increased the rumen pH values during the critical post-feeding period, there was a difference of only 0.5 pH unit between the minimum and maximum pH values.4. Both mineral supplements significantly increased the concentrations of CO2 in the rumen fluid and rumen cellulase activity. They resulted in a general reduction in total VFA concentrations. It is suggested that this may possibly arise from increased absorption of VFA associated with increased CO2 tension in the rumen fluid.5. The Na2HPO4 supplement significantly ( P < 0.001) increased the β values in the pH range 6–8, whereas the bicarbonate supplement contributed to raising the β values in the pH range 5–6.6. The bicarbonate supplements raised cellulose digestibility from 39.7% for the control diet to 45.6% and the addition of Na2HPO4 further raised the digestibility to 51.1%. It would appear that low rumen pH impairs rumen cellulase activity and this could be offset by the addition of mineral supplements.

Streptococcus caprinus is ineffective as a rumen inoculum to improve digestion of mulga (Acacia aneura) by sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Miller ◽  
JD Brooker ◽  
A Phillips ◽  
LL Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Rumen Bacterium ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Micro Organisms

This study examined the distribution of Streptococcus caprinus in domestic and feral ruminants, and the effect of rumen inoculation with S. caprinus on nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep. S. caprinus is a tannin-resistant rumen bacterium found in feral goats and may play a role in alleviating the nutritive depressing effects of high concentrations of plant tannins in these animals. S. caprinus was present in samples of rumen fluid from feral goats and feral camels but was not detectable in rumen fluid from sheep and domestic goats that had not previously grazed forages containing condensed tannins. A proportion of sheep, domestic goats, and cattle grazing in mulga paddocks, with either feral goats or camels, had detectable populations of S. caprinus. Pure cultures of S. caprinus grown in vitro were successfully placed in the rumen of sheep; however, nitrogen digestion was unaffected by rumen inoculation. Interactions between several populations of micro-organisms may therefore be involved in achieving improvements in protein digestion.

Efficacy and Safety of Regular Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in France: Results from the ECCA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touvier ◽  
Boutron-Ruault ◽  
Volatier ◽  
Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
Excessive Intake

This study investigated the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and the proportion of subjects who exceed Tolerable Upper Intake Levels a) with food only, and b) with food+supplements, in a population of French regular supplement users (n = 259). Assessment tools were seven-day records for supplements, three-day records for food intake, and a questionnaire about supplement use. Most subjects were recruited in retail outlets that sold supplements. They were recent users of vitamin/mineral supplements, aged over 15 years, and normo-energy reporters. The prevalence (%) of inadequate intake decreased with the inclusion of mean annual supplements, from 68.0 to 54.8 for magnesium, 55.9 to 40.7 for vitamin C, 53.4 to 43.9 for folic acid, 37.5 to 27.5 for iron, and 40.1 to 29.7 for pantothenic acid. Few subjects exceeded upper intake levels when mean annual intake of supplements was considered. When supplement consumption was considered during the studied week only, the proportion of subjects who were in excess of the upper intake levels was higher (maximum: 9.6% for magnesium). Supplement use brought a nutritional benefit for some targeted nutrients. It was not associated with excessive intake in this study, but could become hazardous if the annual frequency of use were to increase.

Vitamin and mineral supplement exposures: cases reported to Australia’s largest Poisons Information Centre, 2014-15 to 2018-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Usha Luckock ◽  
Joanna Harnett ◽  
Rose Cairns
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Poisons Information

ABSTRACT Vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) are widely available and commonly used. Little is known about patterns of poisoning exposures to VMS in the Australian population. We performed a retrospective study of calls to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC), July 2014-June 2019. NSWPIC is Australia’s largest PIC, taking approximately 100,000 calls/year (50% of Australian poisoning calls) from healthcare professionals and members of the public. We conducted additional analyses on iron exposures due to their high risk of acute toxicity. There were 10 944 VMS exposures reported to NSWPIC during the study period, increasing 9.6% per annum over a five year period (95%CI, 7.2 – 12.1%). Toddlers (1-4 years) accounted for 41.5% (4546) of cases. Agents most commonly involved were multivitamins (n=3610), Vitamin D (n=2080), iron (n=1533), and magnesium (n=804). In 17.7% (1934) of cases the call originated from hospital or the patient was referred to hospital by NSWPIC. Iron exposures increased by 14.0% per year (95%CI, 9.5 – 18.5%), and most were associated with high strength products (>45 mg elemental iron per unit dose, n=1036). Iron exposures were hospitalised in 38% of cases (n=583). We conclude that vitamin and mineral supplement exposures are increasing in Australia. Although most exposures can be managed at home, many required hospitalisation. Iron exposures are increasing and had higher rates of hospitalisation than other agents. Vitamin and mineral supplements are often considered safe and without the potential for adverse effects, highlighting the importance of public education into the potential risks of misuse of these products.

153 Differences in Health and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Steers That Received Free-choice Garlic-infused Mineral Supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Iris Ho In Cheang-Deis ◽  
Oluwatobi Oyedeji ◽  
Hushton Block ◽  
Kateryn Rochon ◽  
Mika Asai-Coakwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Normal Ranges

Abstract Garlic products have been reported to have antimicrobial effects and may trigger anemia in horses, but their direct impact on feedlot cattle has not been detailed. With increased free-choice feeding of garlic-infused mineral supplements to beef cattle, it is important to evaluate this strategy’s impact on the animals’ health and the potential impact on carcass qualities. This 2-yr study recruited 208 crossbred feedlot steers in a supplementation trial using a completely randomized design. Each year, 104 steers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups that received either non-garlic mineral supplement (MS), MS + 0.3% garlic-oil-based premix (GOil), MS + 2.5% garlic powder (LGP), MS + 5% garlic powder (HGP). Feed and supplements were provided on an ad-lib basis and were measured for each steer with automatic feeding units. The study evaluated health indicators such as blood parameters and internal parasites. At harvest, carcass characteristics (including the incidence of liver abscesses) were assessed for all steers. The groups consumed between 156 and 208 g/d of the supplement over the two years, with the MS group having a lower overall supplement intake than other groups. The average daily consumption of garlic products in GOil, LGP, and HGP were approximately 0.6g/d, 5.2g/d, and 10.1g/d, respectively. There was no difference in total fecal egg counts (P = 0.45) among the groups. There was no association between the treatment groups and incidences of liver abscess scores (P = 0.10) nor carcass grade outcomes (P = 0.84). Further, there were no differences in hot carcass weight (P = 0.90), rib eye area (P = 0.34) and carcass backfat thickness (P = 0.99). All blood parameters evaluated were within normal ranges for all groups. The results suggest that infusing commercial garlic products into mineral supplements is not associated with undesirable effects on cattle health or carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Investigation of methods for extraction of bacterial DNA metagenome from goat rumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Lê Ngọc Giang ◽  
Lưu Hàn Ly ◽  
Nguyễn Mai Phương ◽  
Lê Tùng Lâm ◽  
Đỗ Thị Huyền ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Taq Polymerase ◽  
Bead Beating ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor ◽  
Stool Dna ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Goat Rumen

Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, in the ruminant's rumen are valuable genetic resources that many scientists interested in. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing technologies allows direct decoding an extracted DNA metagenome in each ecological community without culture, increasing the efficiency of exploiting interested genes. Notably, the quantity and quality of extracted DNA play an important role in getting a reliable metagenome database. In this study, DNA metagenome from goat rumen fluid was extracted by five different methods RBB (repeated bead beating plus column), RBBC (repeated bead beating), PSP1, PSP2 (PSP®Spin Stool DNA Kit, protocol 1, 2, Germany) và QIA (QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit, Germany). The results showed that DNA metagenome obtained by all methods had A260/280 greater than 1.8. DNA extracted by the RBB method had high DNA concentration but low A260/230 values (less than 1.4) and still contained Taq polymerase inhibitor. After purifying by QIA column, A260/230 values of RBB-extracted DNA significantly increased up to 2.0 and Taq polymerase inhibitor in samples were removed. However, the concentrations decreased by 57% that nearly equivalent to concentration of DNA metagenome obtained by QIA. The method using PSP®Spin Stool DNA kit produced the highest DNA concentrations (from 149.7 to 195.5 ng/µl) with A260/280 ratios of 1.9 and A260/230 ratios of 1.8 to 1.9. Morever, this method was able to remove polymerase inhibitor and be performed on short time. Therefore, the PSP®Spin Stool DNA kit is a suitable method for DNA metagenome extraction of bacteria from goat rumen. DNA obtained by this method fulfilled all criteria about quality and concentration for sequencing by next-generation sequencing Illumina.

scholarly journals SLAUGHTER QUALITIES AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF RABBIT MEAT FOR FEEDING VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENT «TEKRO»

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
M. M. Fedorchenko ◽  
V. V. Malina ◽  
V. A. Hryshko
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Experimental Group

The problem of complete mineral and vitamin nutrition in rabbit breeding is relevant today, despite new discoveries, and research in this direction continues both in Ukraine and around the world. The paper presents experimental data from the results of research to study the effect of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplement "Tekro" in the diets of young rabbits on their productivity, slaughter quality and biological value of rabbit meat. The obtained data of body growth, massometric indicators of carcasses and internal organs of rabbits of experimental groups after slaughter indicate a positive effect of vitamin-mineral supplement "Tekro" on the intensity of development of the body and individual internal organs, which contributes to increased metabolic processes and weight gain in animals research groups. Feeding vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits of experimental groups of the New Zealand breed for 45 days contributed to a better transformation of feed nutrients into products. In rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which together with basic ration were fed 3.5 % of the premix "Tekro" at 90 days of age, the highest rates of body weight were recorded, which differed by 8.89 % compared to the control group. In a set of indicators that characterize the nutritional value of rabbit meat, we studied sensory indicators that characterize the quality of rabbit meat: taste, color, pH, juiciness, moisture content, elasticity, aroma, "marbling", etc. It was found that in the appearance of carcasses and muscles in the control group, the samples scored 8.4 points. In the 3-rd and 4-th experimental groups, the number of points on this indicator was higher by 1.2 %. The difference was a trend. Examining the aroma of meat, it was found that in the control of this indicator, the samples scored 7.8 points. In meat samples from experimental groups 3 and 4, the aroma was more identical to natural, so the samples received 2.6 % higher scores. Samples from 3 experimental groups scored the most points in terms of taste. Compared with the control, the figure was higher by 3.6 %. Examining the juiciness of rabbit meat, it was found that samples obtained from carcasses 2 and 3 of the experimental group tended to increase this indicator. Summing up the data, it was found that the highest overall score was found in meat samples from 3 experimental groups. The difference with the control was within the trend and amounted to 2.4 %. Feeding rabbits vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits helps to obtain good quality meat products with high culinary properties. No data were available to support the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on compound feed on the synthesis of toxic substances in muscle tissue or the deterioration of rabbit meat. The biological value of muscle samples from rabbits of the 2-nd experimental group did not differ from the control data. The increase was only 0.11 %. It was found that the biological value of muscle tissue from animals of the 4th experimental group was greater than in the control. The difference was 2.6 % Meat obtained from rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which were fed compound feed with a content of mineral-vitamin supplement "Tekro" 3.5 %, in biological value outweighed the control indicators. The difference was not significant and amounted to 4.1 %. The use of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplements in the feed of young rabbits did not lead to significant changes in the quality of raw hides and furs.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis of14C-labelled proteins by rumen micro-organisms and by proteolytic enzymes prepared from rumen bacteria

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Proteins were labelled with14C in a limited reductive methylation using [14C]formaldehyde and sodium borohydride.2. The rate of hydrolysis of purified proteins was little (< 10%) affected by methylation and the14C-labelled digestion products were not incorporated into microbial protein during a 5 h incubation with rumen fluid in vitro. It was therefore concluded that proteins labelled with14C in this way are valid substrates for study with rumen micro-organisms.3. The patterns of digestion of14C-labelled fish meal, linseed meal and groundnut-protein meal by rumen micro-organisms in vitro were similar to those found in vivo.4. The rates of hydrolysis of a number of14C-labelled proteins, including glycoprotein II and lectin from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), were determined with mixed rumen micro-organisms and with proteases extracted from rumen bacteria. Different soluble proteins were digested at quite different rates, with casein being most readily hydrolysed.5. Proteins modified by performic acid oxidation, by cross-linking using 1,6-di-iso-cyanatohexane or by diazotization were labelled with14C. Performic acid treatment generally increased the susceptibility of proteins to digestion, so that the rates of hydrolysis of performic acid-treated proteins were more comparable than those of the unmodified proteins. Cross-linking resulted in a decreased rate of hydrolysis except with the insoluble proteins, hide powder azure and elastin congo red. Diazotization had little effect on the rate of hydrolysis of lactoglobulin and albumin, but inhibited casein hydrolysis and stimulated the breakdown of γ-globulin.

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