An in vitro cultured rumen inoculum improves nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Miller ◽  
A. V. Klieve ◽  
J. J. Plumb ◽  
R. Aisthorpe ◽  
L. L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Laboratory Fermentor ◽  
Feral Goat ◽  
Goat Rumen

Mixed cultures of anaerobic micro-organisms were derived from feral goat rumen fluid (FGRF) using a laboratory fermentor to selectively culture microbes actively degrading mulga, and were evaluated as rumen inocula in digestion and liveweight studies with mulga-fed sheep. When placed in the rumen of sheep, FGRF enhances mulga digestion; however, limited supplies of feral goats, the labour involved in locating and mustering goats, and likely variations in the microbial composition of FGRF between animals and localities make the production of an in vitro cultured inoculum a desirable alternative to enable widespread adoption. The cultured inoculum significantly (P < 0·05) improved nitrogen digestion and retention in mulga-fed sheep by 16 and 76%, respectively. Inocula consisting of simplified mixtures of bacteria isolated from sheep, feral goats, and native marsupials did not affect mulga digestion. In the first of 2 liveweight studies, sheep inoculated with the fermentor inoculum lost significantly less weight than uninoculated sheep for the first 57 days (0·3 v. 4·6 kg); however, after 83 days the difference in the rate of liveweight loss between the fermentor inoculum group and the uninoculated sheep was not significant (53 v. 95 g/day). In the second study, liveweight loss was not significantly reduced by the fermentor inoculum. An inoculum based on FGRF, and produced in vitro using a fermentor, is potentially valuable to grazing enterprises reliant on mulga-fed sheep. However, problems in generating a consistent inoculum need to be addressed before such an inoculum can be generally considered.

A feral goat rumen fluid inoculum improves nitrogen retention in sheep consuming a mulga (Acacia aneura) diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Miller ◽  
JD Brooker ◽  
LL Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Feral Goat ◽  
Goat Rumen

Rumen micro-organisms which are resistant to high levels of condensed tannins (CT) may constitute a unique response by feral goats to the nutritive depressing effects of mulga (Acacia aneura) CT. Transferring these micro-organisms to domestic livestock lacking this response may be beneficial when CT-rich mulga diets are consumed. Three experiments were conducted in which sheep consuming a mulga diet were given a ruminal inoculation of feral goat rumen fluid (FGRF). Feed intake and nitrogen (N) retention were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in both sheep and domestic goats following inoculation and in inoculated compared with uninoculated sheep. Inoculation also improved N digestibility and reduced the rate of liveweight loss in sheep and domestic goats. These improvements were of similar magnitude to those attributable to the traditional N, phosphorus and sulfur mineral supplement for mulga fed sheep. FGRF inoculated sheep also grew as much wool as uninoculated sheep receiving a production enhancing mineral supplement. The results from these experiments suggest that FGRF is readily transferable to sheep and improves N metabolism in these animals. Using micro-organisms from FGRF as an inoculum for sheep consuming a mulga diet has the potential to be an alternative to mineral supplements.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis of14C-labelled proteins by rumen micro-organisms and by proteolytic enzymes prepared from rumen bacteria

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Proteins were labelled with14C in a limited reductive methylation using [14C]formaldehyde and sodium borohydride.2. The rate of hydrolysis of purified proteins was little (< 10%) affected by methylation and the14C-labelled digestion products were not incorporated into microbial protein during a 5 h incubation with rumen fluid in vitro. It was therefore concluded that proteins labelled with14C in this way are valid substrates for study with rumen micro-organisms.3. The patterns of digestion of14C-labelled fish meal, linseed meal and groundnut-protein meal by rumen micro-organisms in vitro were similar to those found in vivo.4. The rates of hydrolysis of a number of14C-labelled proteins, including glycoprotein II and lectin from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), were determined with mixed rumen micro-organisms and with proteases extracted from rumen bacteria. Different soluble proteins were digested at quite different rates, with casein being most readily hydrolysed.5. Proteins modified by performic acid oxidation, by cross-linking using 1,6-di-iso-cyanatohexane or by diazotization were labelled with14C. Performic acid treatment generally increased the susceptibility of proteins to digestion, so that the rates of hydrolysis of performic acid-treated proteins were more comparable than those of the unmodified proteins. Cross-linking resulted in a decreased rate of hydrolysis except with the insoluble proteins, hide powder azure and elastin congo red. Diazotization had little effect on the rate of hydrolysis of lactoglobulin and albumin, but inhibited casein hydrolysis and stimulated the breakdown of γ-globulin.

Repeatability of in vitro digestibility assays of forages when using fresh, frozen or freeze-dried cow faeces instead of sheep rumen liquor as sources of micro-organisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 110-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhter ◽  
E Owen ◽  
M K Theodorou ◽  
S L Tembo ◽  
E R Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Micro Organisms

Previous studies (El Shaer, Omed and Axford, 1987; Akhter, Owen, Fall, O'Donovan and Theodorou, 1994) with the two-stage in vitro procedure of Tilley and Terry (1963) have shown a high correlation between digestibilities of forages as determined using either sheep rumen liquor, sheep faeces or cow faeces as the microbial inoculum. In the first study of the of the present investigation one objective was to examine the repeatability of these digestibility measurements when made on different occasions. A second objective was to assess whether the correlations between faecal and rumen fluid based inocula could be improved if microorganisms were obtained from pairs rather than individual animals. The objective in the second study using forages of known in vivo digestibility, was to investigate the effect of freezing or freeze-drying of faeces on the repeatability of digestibilities of forages determined in vitro using micro-organisms from cow faeces.

scholarly journals A comparative study of ruminal activity in Churra and Merino sheep offered alfalfa hay

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
F. J. Giráldez ◽  
S. López
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractA study was carried out to compare the fermentation parameters and kinetics of digestion of a range of different foods in the rumen of two breeds of sheep (Churra and Merino). Ten mature sheep (five Churra and five Merino), each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in this study. In situ rumen degradability of both dry matter (DM) and cell wall was greater in Churra than in Merino sheep, the breed differences being significant for most of the foods used in the study (P < 0·05). These differences were greater when the foods had a higher cell wall concentration and this could be related to differences in the ruminal environment. However, when the foods were incubated with rumen fluid their in vitro organic matter (OM) degradability was similar in both breeds. Rumen pH was higher (P < 0·05) and ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0·05) in Churra than in Merino sheep. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations tended to be higher in Merino than in Churra sheep, though differences were only significant just before feeding (P < 0·05). The ratio acetate: propionate was higher in the Churra than Merino breed before and 12 h after feeding (P < 0·05). Protozoa numbers in rumen liquid were similar for both genotypes. The greater degradation of forages in the rumen of Churra sheep is discussed in relation to the possible higher activity of fibre-degrading micro-organisms and the greater buffering capacity of the rumen contents against fermentation acids, which could result in more favourable conditions for the microbial degradation of foods in the rumen.

In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mengistu ◽  
M. Karonen ◽  
J.-P. Salminen ◽  
W.H. Hendriks ◽  
W.F. Pellikaan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Goat Rumen

scholarly journals Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: recycling of allantoin into the rumen via saliva and its fate in the gut

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. ØRskov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Micro Organisms

The saliva of sheep was shown to contain significant concentrations of uric acid (16 (sd) 4.5) μmol/l) and allantoin (120 (sd 16.4) μmol/l), sufficient to recycle purine derivatives equivalent to about 0.10 of the normal urinary excretion. When allantoin was incubated in vitro in rumen fluid, it was degraded at a rate sufficient to ensure complete destruction of recycled allantoin. In a series of experiments in which allantoin was infused into the rumen of sheep fed normally, or into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and the rumen of cattle completely nourished by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and casein, no additional allantoin was recovered in the urine. These losses were probably due to the degradation of allantoin by micro-organisms associated with the digestive tract. It is concluded that all allantoin and uric acid recycled to the rumen via saliva will be similarly degraded. Therefore, the use of urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an estimator of the rumen microbial biomass available to ruminants will need to be corrected for such losses.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Proteksi Aldehid Untuk Meloloskan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Pada Menir Kedelai dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Joko Riyanto ◽  
Endang Baliarti ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Tety Hartatik ◽  
Diah Tri Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

<p>This research was aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde using as a protective material in the soy groats and lemuru fish oil mixtured to escape of the protein and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by in vitro. The rumen fluid was derived from donor of the Ongole crosbred fistulated as much as 3 heads. The experimental design used completely randomized design factorial 2x3 pattern consists of two factors:the first factor (soybean groats:lemuru fish oil in the ratio 2:1 and 4:1) and the second factor (the use of formaldehyde at levels of 0%, 2% and 4% base on the dry matter) and was repeated 5 times. The parameters are consist of the nutrient content, the substrates soybean groats and lemuru fish oil the rumen fluid fermented PUFA content by in vitro. Results of the study are levels of protein, fatty acids  oleic, linoleic and arachidonic much available on soybean groats:lemuru fish oil protected formaldehyde at levels of 2% and 4%. The difference between the ratio of soybean groats with lemuru fish oil had no significant (P≥0,05) but significantly different at different levels of formaldehyde (P≤0,05). The conclusion are formaldehyde content of 37% with a level of 2% can be used for protection the soybean groats and lemuru fish oil with a ratio of 4:1 and is able to provide protein as well PUFA.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: soy groats, lemuru fish oil, in vitro, PUFA, formaldehyde protection</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Proteksi Aldehid Untuk Meloloskan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Pada Menir Kedelai dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Joko Riyanto ◽  
Endang Baliarti ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Tety Hartatik ◽  
Diah Tri Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

<p>This research was aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde using as a protective material in the soy groats and lemuru fish oil mixtured to escape of the protein and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by in vitro. The rumen fluid was derived from donor of the Ongole crosbred fistulated as much as 3 heads. The experimental design used completely randomized design factorial 2x3 pattern consists of two factors:the first factor (soybean groats:lemuru fish oil in the ratio 2:1 and 4:1) and the second factor (the use of formaldehyde at levels of 0%, 2% and 4% base on the dry matter) and was repeated 5 times. The parameters are consist of the nutrient content, the substrates soybean groats and lemuru fish oil the rumen fluid fermented PUFA content by in vitro. Results of the study are levels of protein, fatty acids  oleic, linoleic and arachidonic much available on soybean groats:lemuru fish oil protected formaldehyde at levels of 2% and 4%. The difference between the ratio of soybean groats with lemuru fish oil had no significant (P≥0,05) but significantly different at different levels of formaldehyde (P≤0,05). The conclusion are formaldehyde content of 37% with a level of 2% can be used for protection the soybean groats and lemuru fish oil with a ratio of 4:1 and is able to provide protein as well PUFA.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: soy groats, lemuru fish oil, in vitro, PUFA, formaldehyde protection</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document