Some aspects of selenium metabolism in sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Cousins ◽  
IM Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Selenium Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Tissue Selenium ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of

The occurrence and relationship of various complaints in lambs and hoggets, preventable by selenium prophylaxis, are reviewed. The excretion and tissue retention of selenium by animals on normal feeds and on oral dosing with sodium selenite are given. Faecal excretion of selenium, even on low levels of intake, is high and it is suggested that reduction of dietary selenium to a non-available form occurs in the rumen. In all animals investigated, the kidney showed the highest selenium levels and was the organ most influenced by selenium absorption. The kidney selenium levels provide an adequate index of the animal's selenium status. Tissue selenium levels from healthy, white muscle, and ill-thrifty lambs and hoggets were investigated. There is evidence that the occurrence of muscular dystrophy in lambs, but not necessarily in hoggets, is related to lowered tissue levels of selenium. Findings with respect to ill-thrift and selenium tissue levels were equivocal. The above work is considered together with published information on the nutritional causes of muscular dystrophy in sheep.

scholarly journals Beneficial and ineffective levels of selenium for growth and muscular dystrophy

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vitamine E

1. The effectiveness of supplementing a vitamin E-deficient basal diet with levels from 0 to 20 ppm of selenium as sodium selenite, alone and in combination with graded levels of L-cystine, sodium sulphate, L-serine and vitamine E, has been studied in chicks from 1 day of age to 4 weeks. Supplementation with Se at levels up to 1 ppm had maximum beneficial effects on growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy. Levels of Se above 1 ppm were progressively less effective, and, in chicks given supplements of 20 ppm Se, growth and muscular dystrophy were depressed to that found with chicks given the basal diet.2. Supplementation with L-cystine (0.08% and 0.16%) in combination with Se up to 1 ppm was beneficial, but this effect was progressively suppressed as the amount of Se was increased beyond this level. Supplementation with sodium sulphate (0.08% and 0.16%) or L-serine (0.08% and 0.16%) instead of L-cystine had no influence on the effectiveness of Se at any level of the latter tested.3. The effectiveness of dietary D-α-tocopheryl acetate, up to 20 mg/kg, for growth and in the prevention of muscular dystrophy was improved by Se at levels up to 1 ppm. Its effectiveness was then progressively reduced as the amount of Se was increased above 1 ppm.4. It appears that Se at low levels spares L-cystine and vitamin E in the chick, whereas at high levels it increases their requirement for growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy.

scholarly journals The effect of amino-acid-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bassat ◽  
S. Mokady
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Low Levels

1. The effect of lysine- and threonine-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism was studied using male weanling rats. Animals were fed on cholesterol-free diets containing 100 or 200 g gluten/kg with or without amino acid supplementation, and compared with animals given 50, 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, for 3 weeks.2. A hypocholesterolaemic effect observed with the wheat gluten-fed rats, compared with the animals given 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, was accompanied by increased turnover of cholesterol as expressed by enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis and increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. This effect was not abolished by lysine and threonine supplementation.3. Low levels of blood cholesterol were also observed in the rats fed on the 50 g casein/kg diet. However, a different mechanism, related to impairment of cholesterol transport from the liver, was most likely responsible for the hypocholesterolaemia found in these protein-malnourished animals.4. The effect on cholesterol metabolism produced by dietary wheat gluten was independent of the low quality of the protein and of its specific deficiency in lysine and threonine.

HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-821
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Dolan ◽  
Norman B. McCullough ◽  
Lewis E. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An unusual patient, characterized by recurrent infections, hepatosplenomegaly, low levels of gamma-globulin in the serum (400 mg/100 ml) and lymphocytosis, is described. The patient had pneumonia due to Nocardia asteroides followed by chronic Salmonella newport infection of 16 months' duration, kept in check by continuous antibiotic therapy. No antibodies were produced against specific antigenic challenges. The relationship of this case to those of congenital and acquired agammaglobulinemia is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison between Steiner cephalometric and modified Andrews photometric method for assessing antero-posterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 670-675
Author(s):  
Predrag Vucinic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Stojan Ivic ◽  
Sanja Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Line ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Posterior Position

Introduction/Objective. Maxillary incisors, when exposed during smile, are one of the most important facial features. In an attempt to overcome limitations of standard cephalometric methods, Andrews described an approach to determine ideal anteroposterior (AP) position of maxillary central incisors in smiling profile in relation to the forehead. We compared traditional Steiner cephalometric method, using surrounding skeletal landmarks, to the method proposed by Andrews, with the aim of determining whether distant but very noticeable craniofacial structures can affect our impression of tooth position. Methods. The study comprised 90 randomly selected lateral cephalograms, divided into three groups according to maxillary central incisors AP position according to Steiner cephalometric norms. The AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors was measured as a perpendicular distance from facial axis point to the nasion A line and to the vertical line through forehead facial axis point respectively. Student?s t-test and Pearson?s correlation were used to compare tested variables. Results. There was statistically significant difference between two methods (p = 0.01108). According to the Steiner method 46.67% subjects had retrusive incisors and 53.33% subjects had protrusion. Andrews?s method showed different results; 35.56% subjects had retrusion, while 64.4% had protrusion. Conclusion. The method proposed by Andrews showed consistently more protrusion than the traditional cephalometric method according to Steiner. Slightly retruded position of maxillary central incisors according to Steiner analysis does not always imply poor facial esthetics, if they have favorable position to the forehead. Low levels of correlation indicate that we should never rely on just one set of parameters.

Screening for Iron Deficiency with the Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Test

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Ray Yip ◽  
Samuel Schwartz ◽  
Amos S. Deinard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of

Elevation of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) level is one of the consequences of iron deficiency. As the EP test has been established to be a screening test for lead poisoning, the screening capability of the EP test for iron deficiency was investigated. A total of 4,160 children between ages 6 months to 12 years had EP determined together with serum ferritin and hematocrit. Comparing the relationship of EP to serum ferritin and using a serum ferritin value ≤15 µg/L as the criterion of iron deficiency, the optimal cutoff limit for the EP test appears to be 35 µg/dL of whole blood. At this level, 88% of the subjects with low levels of serum ferritin can be detected (sensitivity), in contrast to the 53% detected at a higher cutoff value (≥50 µg/dL) used to screen for lead toxicity, or to the 59% detected by age-related hematocrit value. At an EP screening level of 35 µg/dL of whole blood, 90% of the subjects with normal serum ferritin level are correctly determined to be screen negative (specificity). The predictive value of low levels of serum ferritin for all subjects above screening level is 38%. In general, an elevated EP level, by itself, represents inadequate iron supply for hematopoiesis and signals iron deficiency regardless of whether the serum ferritin value is below the diagnostic level or not. A trial course of orally administered iron is suggested for children who are found to have an elevated EP value, with an increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit value serving, retrospectively, as confirmation of prior iron deficiency.

On supplementing the selenium intake of New Zealanders

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Thomson ◽  
Catherine E. Burton ◽  
Marion F. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Repeated Dosing ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Soil Area ◽  
New Zealanders

1. Urinary and faecal excretion of single oral doses of 1 mg selenium or 0.1 mg Se as selenomethionine (Semet-Se) in solution were studied in two women. Most of the Se was absorbed and little was eliminated in the urine (0.05–0.22 dose).2. The results have been compared with those from an earlier study (Thomson, 1974) on the same two women after similarly sized doses of sodium selenite (selenite-Se) in solution. Although selenite-Se was almost as well absorbed as Semet-Se more was excreted in the urine (0.41–0.85 dose).3. Repeated dosing with 1 mg selenite-Se on five consecutive days in one of the women indicated that 1.1 mg had been retained.4. Twenty patients with muscular complaints from Tapanui (South Otago, New Zealand), a low-Se soil area, ingested 0.5 mg selenite-Se daily for 20 d. Blood Se increased rapidly to almost twice the initial concentration but reached a plateau well below most values reported for residents outside New Zealand. No difference in blood Se concentration was found between those who did or did not report improvement.5. Spasmodic medication with selenite-Se by some residents near Lincoln (Christchurch, New Zealand) for periods of up to 10 years or more had increased the blood Se somewhat.

Effects of Connective Tissue Levels on Sensory, Instron, Cooking and Collagen Values of Restructured Beef Steaks

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. BERRY ◽  
J. J. SMITH ◽  
J. L. SECRIST
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Soluble Collagen ◽  
Beef Steaks ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tissue Form

Two separate studies were conducted to evaluate variations in the amount of connective tissue remaining in beef muscle on resultant properties of flaked and formed steaks. Use of chucks rather than rounds as raw material produced greater tenderness, less sensory panel determined connective tissue and lower juiciness scores. As a team of trimmers repeated the instructed trimming procedures on round and chuck muscles over a 3-d period, it appeared that over this time more of the connective tissue was being removed from chuck and less from round muscles. For chuck muscles, more of the soluble collagen was being left on the muscles over the 3-d period. However, these differences in total and soluble collagen did not influence the properties measured. In a second study, which consisted of three (high, intermediate, low) levels of connective tissus in raw materials, texture profile panelists found a greater amount of gristle and webbed tissue (form of connective tissue) in steaks made from raw material with high connective tissue. These steaks with high connective tissue levels were also visually rated as more distorted and fibrous following cooking, with greater hardness and cohesiveness during first bite. Samples from the steaks had higher shear force and Newton values.

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