An advanced slit-type volumetric spore trap for monitoring bioaerosols; new methods for identifying fungal spores

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike G. Neumeister-Kemp ◽  
Aaron Maxwell ◽  
Peter C. Kemp ◽  
Bernie Dell ◽  
Giles E. St J. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
New Methods

scholarly journals New methods for detecting and enumerating fungal spores of plant  pathogens

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. S38-S42
Author(s):  
R. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Wakeham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Suction System ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
User Friendly

Information on the presence or absence of airborne spores or other particles would be useful in an increasing number of areas including agriculture. Traditional methods used for detecting and enumerating of airborne spores of fungal plant pathogens are time consuming and require specialist knowledge. Some spore types (e.g. ascospores) are difficult to differentiate using these methods. To facilitate this, new methods, which can be used to accurately differentiate fungal spore types, are required. A Burkard 7-day volumetric spore trap used in combination with an immunofluorescence test has been developed to detect and quantify field-trapped ascosporic inoculum of Mycosphaerella brassicicola (the ringspot pathogen of brassicas). This test has also been found useful in the validation of more rapid user-friendly immunoassay based trapping procedures. A microtiter immunospore trapping device, which uses a suction system to directly trap air-particulates by impaction into microtiter wells, has been used successfully for the rapid detection and quantification of ascosporic inoculum of M. brassicicola. The system shows potential for the rapid field-detection of airborne ascosporic inoculum of the ringspot pathogen.

scholarly journals Influence of a biological fungicide on the development and spreading of Alternaria alternata on vegetable crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
Oksana Kremneva ◽  
Svetlana Nekoval ◽  
Alexey Pachkin ◽  
Anastasia Zakharchenko ◽  
Ksenia Gasiyan
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Krasnodar Region

The effect of the biofungicide BFTIM KS-2, Zh on the development and spreading of the Alternaria alternata fungus on vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant) was studied using classical and modern methods of phytosanitary monitoring. The research was carried out in Krasnodar region in the Pavlovsky District, on the production fields of the ZAO Yubileinoye. To assess the development and spreading of the disease, the classical visual method was used, as well as a modern method for determining the congestion rate of plantings using the OZR-1mp spore trap.The article presents data on the development and spreading of A. alternata, the number of fungal spores on vegetable crops before and after treatments with the biofungicide. It was found that the use of the biological product reduces the development and spreading of the phytopathogen. Its influence is the most effective on tomato and eggplant crops. Also, in the course of research, the possibility of using a spore trap for monitoring Alternaria on vegetable crops has been shown.

The antibiotic activity of cultures from fungal spores collected by a spore trap on permanent pasture

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
M. M. Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

The air and herbage fungal flora of permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia, has been sampled by means of a mobile spore trap during the spring, summer, and fall of 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1972. In 1968 and 1972 a random sample of the isolates collected was grown in the laboratory and the cultures obtained screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. In 1967, 1968, and 1972 about 25% of the isolates tested produced metabolites that were inhibitory to growth. The summer efflorescence observed in all 5 years was not accompanied by a corresponding surge of antibiotic-producing organisms, except in the early summer and fall. Five of the six most commonly found species, when collected in the fall, were more likely to produce antibiotics than the same species isolated in the spring and early summer. This changing faculty of this fungal population to produce antibiotics as the season advances was observed whether bacteria, fungi, or algae were used as test organisms. The results appear to provide experimental evidence for the utility of antibiotic production for survival.

scholarly journals Variability and Geographical Origin of Five Years Airborne Fungal Spore Concentrations Measured at Saclay, France from 2014 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Sarda-Estève ◽  
Dominique Baisnée ◽  
Benjamin Guinot ◽  
John Sodeau ◽  
David O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Receptor Model ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Airborne fungal spores (AFS) represent the major fraction of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), and they are studied worldwide largely due to their important role within the Earth system. They have an impact on climate and human health, and they contribute to the propagation of diseases. As their presence in the air depends largely on studied ecosystems, a spore trap was used to monitor their atmospheric concentrations from 2014 to December 2018 in Saclay, a suburban area in the megacity of Paris. The main objective of this work was: (1) to understand the atmospheric variability of AFS in relation to different variables such as meteorological factors, agricultural practice, and (2) to identify their geographical origin by using a source receptor model. During our period of observation, 30 taxa have been identified under a light microscope. In order of importance, Ascospores, Cladosporium, Basidiospores, Tilletiopsis, Alternaria were found to be the most abundant types respectively (50.8%, 33.6%, 7.6%, 1.8%, and 1.3%) accounting for 95% of the atmospheric concentrations. We observed a general decrease associated with a strong interannual variability. A bimodal seasonal cycle was identified with a first maximum in July and a second in October. The main parameters driving the atmospheric concentration are temperature and precipitation. The daily variability is strongly activated by successive periods of hot weather and rainfall, multiplying the concentration by a factor of 1000 in less than 12 hours. Results from the source receptor model ZeFir point out unambiguous different origins of AFS due to specific sources impacting the observation site. Our study also indicated that a hydrological stress has a direct effect on the daily concentrations. This last point should be taken into account for every stressed ecosystem studied in a global warming context. This is particularly important for Mediterranean areas where water is a key control of the growth and dispersion of fungal spores.

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

Directional observation on lipid of male nectary of Lindera megaphylla hemsl. by the rapid embedding method with polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Dai Dalin ◽  
Guo Jianmin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Methods

Lipid cytochemistry has not yet advanced far at the EM level. A major problem has been the loss of lipid during dehydration and embedding. Although the adoption of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide accelerate the chemical reaction of lipid and osmium tetroxide can react on the double bouds of unsaturated lipid to from the osmium black, osmium tetroxide can be reduced in saturated lipid and subsequently some of unsaturated lipid are lost during dehydration. In order to reduce the loss of lipid by traditional method, some researchers adopted a few new methods, such as the change of embedding procedure and the adoption of new embedding media, to solve the problem. In a sense, these new methods are effective. They, however, usually require a long period of preparation. In this paper, we do research on the fiora nectary strucure of lauraceae by the rapid-embedding method wwith PEG under electron microscope and attempt to find a better method to solve the problem mentioned above.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

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