Effect of ractopamine on digestible-lysine requirement for finishing barrows under thermoneutral conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
M. F. Souza ◽  
J. L. Donzele ◽  
F. C. O. Silva ◽  
R. F. M. O. Donzele ◽  
E. F. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Eye Depth

The purpose of the present study was to determine the digestible-lysine (Lys) requirement in diets supplemented or not with ractopamine (RAC), so as to maximise performance and carcass characteristics for finishing barrows reared at thermoneutral conditions. In total, 128 high-lean commercial hybrid barrows with an initial bodyweight of 78.2 ± 4.3 kg were distributed in a completely randomised block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four Lys concentrations: 0.730%, 0.830%, 0.930% and 1.030% and two RAC inclusions: 0 and 10 mg/kg), with two animals per pen and eight pens per treatment. Lys concentrations tested significantly (P < 0.05) affected digestible-lysine intake, and the absolute (g) and relative (%) lean meat content, regardless of RAC inclusion. When diets were RAC-supplemented, feed conversion rate of animals was improved and, in addition, final bodyweight, daily bodyweight gain, loin eye area, loin eye depth, and absolute (g) and relative (%) carcass lean meat content increased (P < 0.05). RAC inclusion also decreased (P < 0.05) backfat thickness and the colour values a* and b* of finishing pigs. Therefore, on the basis of our results, it can be inferred that the best performance and carcass characteristics for finishing barrows reared at thermoneutral conditions were obtained at 1.030% and 0.730% Lys respectively, corresponding to an estimated daily Lys intake of 34.3 g and 24.2 g, independently of the diet RAC concentration.

scholarly journals Ractopamine and lysine levels on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Caperuto de Almeida ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Performance Trial

It was evaluated the effect of diets supplemented or not supplemented with ractopamine and digestible lysine on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 50 barrows and 50 gilts (90.2 kg ± 3.5 kg) were used. In the growth performance trial, a randomized block design was utilized in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five levels of digestible lysine (0.68; 0.78; 0.88; 0.98 and 1.08%) and two levels of ractopamine (0 and 5 ppm), totaling ten diets and five replications. In a study of carcass characteristics, the same design and levels of lysine and ractopamine were used, but another factor (sex of animals- female and male) was included, totaling 20 treatments, each one with five replicates. Except for lysine daily intake, it was not observed effect of levels of digestible lysine. The supplementation with ractopamine improved daily weight gain and feed conversion but it did not affect the average feed intake. A greater loin depth and higher yield of carcass meat was obtained in gilts, regardless to supplementation with ractopamine, and also in the males fed ractopamine. The ractopamine improved the rib-eye area but it did not affect the yield and carcass length neither thickness of subcutaneous fat. The levels of digestible lysine did not affect carcass characteristics in either sex. It was found that sex had effect on backfat thickness, which was lower in the carcasses of gilts. The use of 5 ppm ractopamine improves animal performance and carcass characteristics of barrows. The level of 0.68% digestible lysine is sufficient for pigs of both sexes fed diets supplemented with or without ractopamine to show maximal performance and a good carcass composition.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Effects of Substitution of Corn with Ground Brown Rice on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Hyeun Bum Kim ◽  
Minho Song
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbiota of growing and finishing pigs. A total of 100 growing pigs (23.80 ± 2.96 kg BW; 10 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW) as follows: corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and replacing corn with 50% (GBR50), 75% (GBR75), and 100% (GBR100) of ground brown rice. Each trial phase was for 6 weeks. During the growing period, there were no differences on growth performance and nutrient digestibility among dietary treatments. Similarly, no differences were found on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of pigs during the finishing period among dietary treatments. As a result of the beta diversity analysis, microbial populations were not clustered between CON and GBR100 during the growing phase, but clustered into two distinct groups of CON and GBR100 during the finishing phase. In conclusion, brown rice can be added to the diets of growing-finishing pigs by replacing corn up to 100% without negatively affecting growth performance of the pigs; additionally, this may have an effect on changes in pig intestinal microbiota if continued for a long time.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY COMPOSITION ON THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE PIGS FED FROM 25 KG TO 92 KG LIVEWEIGHT

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Field Peas

One hundred and twenty-four feeder pigs, representing two breed groups (Hampshire × Yorkshire and Yorkshire) were used in three experiments to compare the live performance and carcass characteristics of boars, barrows and gilts fed, from 25 to 92 kg, a 16% protein, barley–soybean meal diet or diets based on a utility grade, soft wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Pitic 62) with 0, 7½ and 15% field peas (Pisum sativum cv. Century) to provide total protein levels of 13, 14 or 15%. Under conditions of adequate nutrition, boars were superior to barrows in efficiency of feed conversion and estimates of carcass leanness, while gilts were intermediate in feed conversion and equivalent to boars in carcass indices. The amount and composition of the diet consumed had a greater effect upon the relative performance of boars and, to a lesser extent, of gilts than was observed with barrows. In addition, the dressing percentage was consistently lower with boars than with barrows or gilts. Sexual odor or taint was not noticeably present in the carcasses at the packing plant, although there was a tendency for meat from boars on restricted feeding to have a higher moisture and darker lean than that present in carcasses from barrows and gilts. The results also suggested that satisfactory performance of growing–finishing pigs could be achieved with diets based on Pitic 62 wheat using field peas as the sole source of supplementary protein.

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

scholarly journals Seasonal and year dynamics in the quality characteristics in pig carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova ◽  
Penka Marinova ◽  
Tania Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of the characteristics in pig carcasses as affected by the season and year of slaughter. A total of 106 027 carcasses of growing-finishing pigs of commercial production, slaughtered in the same abattoir in 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. The carcasses were classified using UltraFOM 200 device, as the characteristics controlled were back-fat thickness at two locations and the depth of m. Longissimus dorsi. These measurements were used to further determine the lean meat percentage. The results of the study showed significant differences in the dynamics of changes of carcass characteristics during the seasons and the years. The highest lean meat percentage was found in summer (56.48%), followed by spring (56.34%), autumn (56.29%) and winter (56.10%). On the other hand, the pigs slaughtered in winter displayed highest carcass weight and back-fat thickness at both locations.

scholarly journals Growth rate and carcass traits in three genotypes of capons

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tercic ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Volk ◽  
A. Holcman
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of capons (castrated cockerels) from three breeds/strains locally presented in Slovenia and Austria were investigated. Growth and feed consumption data were collected for a 156-d and 199-d period, when randomly chosen animals were slaughtered and their carcasses dissected. The feed conversion rate in barred Prelux, Sulmtaler and Styrian capons for the whole growing period was 6.24 kg, 6.32 kg and 7.53 kg, respectively. Average body weight in barred Prelux and Styrian capons increased only in the first 156 days of age, but not further on. Cumulative mortality rate in Sulmtaler capons was 19.05 % and was 2.7- to 4.4-fold higher as compared with Styrian and barred Prelux capons (6.90 % and 4.31 % respectively). Sulmtaler capons had the lowest abdominal fat content. Barred Prelux capons, as compared to capons from other two breeds were characterized by higher pre-slaughter weight, higher carcass weight and higher dressing out percentages. This indicates that the layer type barred Prelux cockerels have a potential to be as capons put to profitable use.

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