A high-speed vertical optical trap for the mechanical testing of living cells at piconewton forces

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 113707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bodensiek ◽  
Weixing Li ◽  
Paula Sánchez ◽  
Schanila Nawaz ◽  
Iwan A. T. Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Living Cells

High-speed AFM for scanning the architecture of living cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 8355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhifeng Deng ◽  
Daixie Chen ◽  
Zhuo Ao ◽  
Quanmei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells

scholarly journals HIGH SPEED PHOTOMICROGRAPHY OF LIVING CELLS SUBJECTED TO SUPERSONIC VIBRATIONS

1931 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Newton Harvey ◽  
Alfred L. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
High Frequency Sound ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
New Type

A new type of camera system is described capable of taking 1200 pictures a second through a microscope objective. Photographs showing the destruction of Arbacia eggs by high frequency sound waves indicate that the disintegration occurs in less than 1/1200 second. Eggs drawn out into spindle or tadpole shapes suggest that rapid movements of the fluid tearing the eggs may be responsible for the disintegration. Although no cavitated air bubbles show in the photographs, other experiments make it likely that the rapid fluid movement is the result of submicroscopic cavitation.

Efficient and High-Speed Transduction of an Antibody into Living Cells Using a Multifunctional Nanocarrier System to Control Intracellular Trafficking

2015 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2845-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuma Yamada ◽  
Sandra Milena Vergara Perez ◽  
Mai Tabata ◽  
Jiro Abe ◽  
Yukari Yasuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells

Simultaneous vibration and high-speed microscopy to study mechanotransduction in living cells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Holdsworth ◽  
Hristo N. Nikolov ◽  
Jen Au ◽  
Kim Beaucage ◽  
Jessica Kishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells

Preliminary Assessment of NDE Methods on Inspection of HDPE Butt Fusion Piping Joints for Lack of Fusion With Validation From Mechanical Testing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Crawford ◽  
Steven R. Doctor ◽  
Anthony D. Cinson ◽  
Michael W. Watts ◽  
Traci L. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bend Test ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Butt Joints ◽  
Lack Of Fusion

Studies at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington, are being conducted to evaluate nondestructive examinations (NDE) coupled with mechanical testing of butt fusion joints in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for assessing lack of fusion. The work provides information to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the effectiveness of volumetric inspection techniques of HDPE butt fusion joints in Section III, Division 1, Class 3, buried piping systems in nuclear power plants. This paper describes results from preliminary assessments using ultrasonic and microwave nondestructive techniques and mechanical testing with the high speed tensile impact test and the bend test for determining joint integrity. A series of butt joints were fabricated in 3408, 12 inch (30.5 cm) IPS DR-11 HDPE material by varying the fusion parameters to create good joints and joints containing a range of lack of fusion conditions. Six of these butt joints were volumetrically examined with time of flight diffraction (TOFD), phased array (PA) ultrasound, and the Evisive microwave system. The outer diameter (OD) weld beads were removed for microwave evaluation and the pipes ultrasonically re-evaluated. In two of the six pipes both the outer and inner diameter (ID) weld beads were removed and the pipe joints re-evaluated. Several of the pipes were sectioned and the joints destructively evaluated with the following techniques: high speed tensile test, bend test, and focused immersion ultrasound on a joint section removed from the pipe coupled with slicing through the joint and examining the revealed surfaces. The fusion parameters, nondestructive, and destructive evaluation results will be correlated to validate the effectiveness of what each NDE technology detects and what each does not detect. This is an initial limited study which will aid in identifying key future work.

scholarly journals Evolutionary optimization of speed and accuracy of decoding on the ribosome

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1580) ◽  
pp. 2979-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Wohlgemuth ◽  
Corinna Pohl ◽  
Joerg Mittelstaet ◽  
Andrey L. Konevega ◽  
Marina V. Rodnina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Bacterial Translation ◽  
Selection Of

Speed and accuracy of protein synthesis are fundamental parameters for the fitness of living cells, the quality control of translation, and the evolution of ribosomes. The ribosome developed complex mechanisms that allow for a uniform recognition and selection of any cognate aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) and discrimination against any near-cognate aa-tRNA, regardless of the nature or position of the mismatch. This review describes the principles of the selection—kinetic partitioning and induced fit—and discusses the relationship between speed and accuracy of decoding, with a focus on bacterial translation. The translational machinery apparently has evolved towards high speed of translation at the cost of fidelity.

scholarly journals Measurement of hindered diffusion in complex geometries for high-speed single-molecule experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias F. Bartsch ◽  
Camila M. Villasante ◽  
Ahmed Touré ◽  
Daniel M. Firester ◽  
Felicitas E. Hengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Glass Coverslip ◽  
Hydrodynamic Coupling ◽  
Hindered Diffusion ◽  
Protocadherin 15 ◽  
Human Hearing ◽  
Infinite Wall

AbstractIn a high-speed single-molecule experiment, a protein is tethered between two substrates that are manipulated to exert force on the system. To avoid nonspecific interactions between the protein and nearby substrates, the protein is usually attached to the substrates through long, flexible linkers. This approach precludes measurements of mechanical properties with high spatial and temporal resolution, for rapidly exerted forces are dissipated into the linkers. Because mammalian hearing operates at frequencies reaching tens to hundreds of kilohertz, the mechanical processes that occur during transduction are of very short duration. Single-molecule experiments on the relevant proteins therefore cannot involve long tethers. We previously characterized the mechanical properties of protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), a protein essential for human hearing, by tethering an individual monomer through very short linkers between a probe bead held in an optical trap and a pedestal bead immobilized on a glass coverslip. Because the two confining surfaces were separated by only the length of the tethered protein, hydrodynamic coupling between those surfaces complicated the interpretation of the data. To facilitate our experiments, we characterize here the anisotropic and position-dependent diffusion coefficient of a probe in the presence of an effectively infinite wall, the coverslip, and of the immobile pedestal.

Abstract 139: Future Clinical Tools: Carotid Plaque Characterization via Shear Wave Elastography - A Phantom Study

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Widman ◽  
Elira Maksuti ◽  
Matthew Urban ◽  
Kenneth Caidahl ◽  
Matilda Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Acoustic Radiation Force ◽  
Good Agreement

Introduction: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a recently developed noninvasive method for elastography assessment using ultrasound. The technique consists of sending an acoustic radiation force into the tissue that in turn generates an orthogonal low frequency propagating shear wave. The shear wave propagation speed, which is calculated from B-mode images, is correlated to the tissues mechanical properties. Currently, SWE is primarily used in breast and liver to detect tumors easily missed with normal B-mode ultrasound. SWE could potentially aid in the characterization of plaques in the carotid artery, which is critical for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Methods: Six polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) phantoms were created with soft and hard plaque mimicking inclusions. The plaques were excited with acoustic radiation force and the shear wave was measured using high speed B-mode imaging. The data was post-processed with a custom in-house algorithm fitting a model of a Lamb wave propagating through a plate to the shear wave dispersion curve, which allowed the shear modulus to be estimated. The results were validated by measuring the phantom plaque shear modulus with mechanical testing. Results: SWE measured a mean shear modulus of 6 ± 1 kPa and 106 ± 17 kPa versus 3 kPa and 95 kPa measured by mechanical testing in the soft and hard plaques respectively. The results show good agreement between the shear modulus measured with SWE and mechanical testing. In this study simplified homogenous phantom plaque models were examined in a static experimental setup with results validated by mechanical testing. Algorithm improvements for measurements in a dynamic environment are being developed for a future in vivo pilot study. Conclusion: The results show good agreement between the shear modulus measured with SWE and mechanical testing and indicate the possibility for an in vivo application.

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