scholarly journals Evolutionary optimization of speed and accuracy of decoding on the ribosome

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1580) ◽  
pp. 2979-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Wohlgemuth ◽  
Corinna Pohl ◽  
Joerg Mittelstaet ◽  
Andrey L. Konevega ◽  
Marina V. Rodnina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Bacterial Translation ◽  
Selection Of

Speed and accuracy of protein synthesis are fundamental parameters for the fitness of living cells, the quality control of translation, and the evolution of ribosomes. The ribosome developed complex mechanisms that allow for a uniform recognition and selection of any cognate aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) and discrimination against any near-cognate aa-tRNA, regardless of the nature or position of the mismatch. This review describes the principles of the selection—kinetic partitioning and induced fit—and discusses the relationship between speed and accuracy of decoding, with a focus on bacterial translation. The translational machinery apparently has evolved towards high speed of translation at the cost of fidelity.

Evolution of Drosophila insecticide resistance

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The impact of insecticide resistance is well documented. It includes the toxic effects of pesticides on the environment and the cost of the increased amounts of insecticides required to effectively control resistant insects. Resistance evolves by the selection of genes that confer tolerance to insecticides. Several resistance genes have been identified and cloned in Drosophila, including genes for mutant target molecules and genes that increase insecticide degradation. Drosophila is a useful system to understand the evolution of quantitative traits in general as well as the population genetics of insecticide resistance. Through it, we may hope to understand the relationship between discrete genetic change and continuously varying characters. In addition, molecular genetic techniques developed using Drosophila can eventually be transferred to other insects in order to help control pest populations.Key words: insecticide resistance, evolution of tolerance, selection of resistant genes, molecular genetics, Drosophila.

Research on assembly tolerance allocation and quality control based on fuzzy reliability

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (20) ◽  
pp. 3755-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Long Wang ◽  
Xin-Tian Liu ◽  
Yan-Song Wang ◽  
Xiao-Lan Wang ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Tolerance Allocation ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Fuzzy Reliability ◽  
Assembly Tolerance ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The enhancement between cost and reliability is the developmental direction of modern manufacturing enterprises. On the basis of fuzzy theory, the relationship among the cost of product quality loss, the reliability of the assembly dimension chain and assembly tolerance is studied together in this article. Processing cost can be considerably reduced and the target of quality engineering is realized by optimization design. As an example, a tolerance design model is determined for gear and shaft assembly. Moreover, the mathematical model of the relationship between the cost of fuzzy quality loss and the fuzzy reliability of the assembly dimension chain is determined in combination with a processing cost function. The optimistic results of key dimensions of gear and shaft assembly are identified through through orthogonal experiments. This method can facilitate product quality control by enterprises and the realization of economic targets. The study findings can also serve as references for other similar studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Distribution Influence of the Density of Cost-forming Factors on Results of the LCCA Calculations

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rogalska ◽  
J. Żelazna-Pawlicka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe paper evaluates the relationship between the selection of the probability density function and the construction price, and the price of the building's life cycle, in relation to the deterministic cost estimate in terms of the minimum, mean, and maximum. The deterministic cost estimates were made based on the minimum, mean, and maximum prices: labor rates, indirect costs, profit, and the cost of equipment and materials. The net construction prices received were given different probability density distributions based on the minimum, mean, and maximum values. Twelve kinds of probability distributions were used: triangular, normal, lognormal, beta pert, gamma, beta, exponential, Laplace, Cauchy, Gumbel, Rayleigh, and uniform. The results of calculations with the event probability from 5 to 95% were subjected to the statistical comparative analysis. The dependencies between the results of calculations were determined, for which different probability density distributions of price factors were assumed. A certain price level was assigned to specific distributions in 6 groups based on the t-test. It was shown that each of the distributions analyzed is suitable for use, however, it has consequences in the form of a final result. The lowest final price is obtained using the gamma distribution, the highest is obtained by the beta distribution, beta pert, normal, and uniform.

scholarly journals Discrete-variable quantum key distribution with homodyne detection

Quantum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Ignatius William Primaatmaja ◽  
Cassey Crystania Liang ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan Haw ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Discrete Variable ◽  
Quantum State Preparation ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the best of both worlds – the simplicity of quantum state preparation in DV-QKD together with the cost-effective and high-bandwidth of homodyne detectors used in CV-QKD. Our proposed protocol has two highly practical features: (1) it does not require the honest parties to share the same reference phase (as required in CV-QKD) and (2) the selection of decoding basis can be performed after measurement. We also prove the security of the proposed protocol in the asymptotic limit under the assumption of collective attacks. Our simulation suggests that the protocol is suitable for secure and high-speed practical key distribution over metropolitan distances.

The automatic selection of molecular crystal structures by combining stereochemical criteria and high-speed computing

1962 ◽  
Vol 267 (1331) ◽  
pp. 566-589 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Molecular Crystal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Diamagnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Trial Structure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The increasing use of digital computers in the final stages of the analysis of the structures of molecular crystals now means that the selection of a trial structure for automatic refinement has become the most time-consuming phase of such analyses. This paper shows that in certain types of problem this initial stage can also be carried out on computers, by making use of stereochemical information available at the outset. Examples of the successful application of such methods are given, and ways of increasing their power and flexibility when very fast computers become available are described. The relationship of such geometrical calculations to problems in crystal physics is also indicated, and it is shown that in appropriate cases measurements of, for example, diamagnetic anisotropy can be combined with geometrical results to provide an exceptionally rapid selection of possible molecular orientations.

scholarly journals Теоретическое обоснование конструктивных параметров делителя с горизонтальным размещением щелевых отверстий

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
K.N. Tishaninov ◽  
A.V. Anashkin
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Flow Divider ◽  
Grain Flow ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Зерноочистительные агрегаты зачастую используют поточные технологические линии для послеуборочной очистки зерна, от качества работы которых зависит стоимость конечного продукта и рентабельность всего цикла производства зерна. Разделение потока зерна на две технологические линии происходит с использованием тройника зернопровода, что приводит к перегруженности одной линии и недогруженности другой. Зерноочистительные машины работают за рамками рекомендуемых нагрузок, что приводит к низкому качеству очистки и высокому уровню потерь зерна. Для качественной настройки зерноочистительных машин в составе технологии послеуборочной очистки зерна необходимы устройства для разделения потоков зерна. В ФГБНУ ВНИИТиН разработаны несколько классов авторегулируемых устройств (делителей): с грузовоспринимающей системой, с щелевыми отверстиями и т.д. Нами рассматривается одно из таких устройств делитель потока зерна с горизонтальным размещением щелевых отверстий. Теоретически обоснована взаимосвязь погрешности деления в зависимости от асимметричности подачи зерна в стабилизирующей ёмкости, высоты насыпи, ширины отводящих каналов. Показана кривая распределения погрешности разделения в зависимости от отклонений подачи зерна по ширине и длине ёмкости. На основе теоретического анализа сформулированы рекомендации по технологической настройке и выбору оптимальных конструктивных параметров каскадного делителя.Grain cleaning units often use flow lines for postharvesting cleaning of grain, the quality of work which depends on the cost of the final product and the profitability of the entire cycle of grain production. The separation of the grain flow into two production lines occurs using the tee of the grain pipe which leads to congestion of one line and underloading of the other. Grain cleaning machines operate beyond the recommended loads which lead to poor cleaning quality and high levels of grain loss. For highquality setting of grain cleaning machines as part of the technology of postharvesting cleaning of grain, devices for the separation of grain flows are needed. Several classes of automaticallycontrolled devices (dividers): with a loadperceived system, with slotted openings, etc. are developed in FSBSI AllRussian Scientific Research Institute for the Use of Machinery and Oil Products in Agriculture. One of these devices a grain flow divider with horizontal placement of slotted openings is considered by us. Theoretically, the relationship between the error of division depending on the asymmetry of the grain supply in a stabilizing tank, the height of the embankment, the width of the discharge channels. The distribution curve of separation error is shown depending on the deviations of the grain feed across the width and length of the tank. Based on the theoretical analysis recommendations for technological adjustment and selection of optimal part specifications of a cascade divider are formulated.

scholarly journals Data Quality Control Based on Self-Consistency

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
pp. 3974-3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Steinacker ◽  
Dieter Mayer ◽  
Andrea Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Conducting meteorological measurements, one is always confronted with a wide variety of different types of errors and with the decision of how to correct data for further use, if necessary. The selection of an adequate quality control (QC) procedure out of a wide range of methodologies depends on the properties of the observed parameter such as spatial or temporal consistency. But the intended data application (e.g., model-independent data analysis) or the availability of prior knowledge also has to be taken into account. The herein-presented self-consistent and model-independent QC process makes use of the spatial and temporal consistency of meteorological parameters. It is applicable to measurements featuring a high degree of autocorrelation with regard to the resolution of the observational network in space and time. The presented QC procedure can mathematically be expressed as an optimization problem minimizing the curvature of the analyzed field. This results in a matrix equation that can be solved without needing to converge iterations. Based on the resulting deviations and, if applied, on their impacts on the cost function, station values are accepted, corrected, or identified as outliers and hence dismissed. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this method is able to handle complicated station distributions, such as clustered stations or inhomogeneous station densities. This QC method is not only an appropriate tool for case studies but also for model validation and has been proving itself as a preprocessing tool for operational meso- and micrometeorological analyses.

Cost of multiple sclerosis by level of disability: a review of literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Patwardhan ◽  
D B Matchar ◽  
G P Samsa ◽  
D C McCrory ◽  
R G Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

We performed a review of the economic literature to identify what is known about the relationship between Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) categories and cost of multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought cohort studies of patients with multiple sclerosis that described the costs attributed to each EDSS score and utilized specific inclusion criteria for the selection of 10 studies. We found that both direct and indirect costs rise continuously with increasing EDSS category, and this rise is qualitatively exponential. The rise in indirect costs appears at lower EDSS scores. The cost of a relapse occurring in any given EDSS category exceeds that associated with that particular EDSS category. Few studies comprehensively assessed the entire spectrum of the costs, and much of the literature is based on EDSS categories in coarse groupings. In spite of several variations between studies, one important conclusion that we can draw is that rise in cost is positively correlated to scores on the EDSS categories, and therefore agents with a capacity to prevent or arrest the rate of MS progression may affect the overall cost of MS.

Standarisasi Biaya Produksi Terhadap Total Quality Control PAda PTP. Pabrik Gula Takalar

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Production Quality Control ◽  
Statistical Quality ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

In planning the profit, understanding the relationship between the cost of profit, volume and profit are fundamental in its analysis. This study examines the standardization of the production costs of the company to increase quality control of PTP. Pabrik Gula Takalar. The results concluded that the cost of production on PTP. Sugar Factory Takalar can improve the expected of quality control. In addition, production quality control system implemented in the sugar processing is not been applied to the Statistical Quality Control.

scholarly journals Influence of Decoupled Charge Structure and Filler on the Blasting Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Sipeng Wan ◽  
Yingxiang Tian ◽  
Huanchao Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Test System ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Charge Structure ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Decoupling Coefficient ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This study compared models of specimens with different filler media and decoupled charge structures in terms of the blasting effect. The test system combined a high-speed camera and high-speed static strain test analyzer. A physical model of a concrete single-borehole decoupled charge structure was designed to study the geometric elements of the blasting funnel, flyrock launch velocity, peak strain values, and distribution of the gravel lumpiness. The experimental results showed that for the same decoupling coefficient, when expandable polystyrene foam (EPS) was used as the filling medium, the radius, depth, and volume of the blasting funnel of the model specimen were larger, the flyrock launch velocity was slower, the peak stress of the specimen was higher, and the distribution of gravel lumpiness was more even. The relationship between the experimental index and the decoupling coefficient follows the changing trend of first increasing and then decreasing or first decreasing and then increasing. With air and EPS as the filling media, the concrete model specimens could achieve optimal blasting effects at decoupling coefficients of 1.83 and 1.69, respectively. The results confirm the feasibility and practicability of using EPS as a filler and can provide guidance and an experimental basis for the selection of the decoupling coefficient and filling medium in blasting engineering.

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