Study of charge trapping as a degradation mechanism in electrically alterable read‐only memories

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falcony ◽  
D. J. DiMaria ◽  
D. W. Dong ◽  
K. M. DeMeyer
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Charge Trapping

Influence of Current Injection into a-Sin:H Films on Charge Trapping Defects

1990 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Oku ◽  
Kiyoshi Kawabata ◽  
Yukio Higaki ◽  
Teruhito Matsui ◽  
Hirozo Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valence Band ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Band Tail ◽  
Hole Trapping ◽  
Trapping Centers

ABSTRACTThe degradation mechanism of a-SiN:H films under current injection is investigated. It is shown that the degradation of a-SiN:H films is closely related to the hole trapping into Si-Si, Si-H, and Si0 defects. It is presumably concluded that the hole trapping centers are the Si-Si defects in the valence band tail. We estimate that the hole trapping cross-section is nearly equal to 10−20cm2.

Degradation Phenomena of low-temp. poly-Si TFT's Under Electrical Stress Before and After Hydrogenation

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kim ◽  
K. Y. Choi ◽  
M. C. Jun ◽  
M. K. Han
Keyword(s):  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Gate Dielectrics ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Gate Bias ◽  
Bias Stress ◽  
Electrical Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drain Bias ◽  
Hydrogenation Time

AbstractThe degradation mechanism in hydrogen passivated and as-fabricated poly-Si TFT's are investigated under the various electrical stress conditions. It is observed that the charge trapping in the gate dielectric is the dominant degradation mechanism in poly-Si TFT's which was stressed by the gate bias alone while the creation of defects in the poly-Si film is prevalent in gate and drain bias stressed devices. The degradation due to the gate bias stress is dramatically reduced with hydrogenation time while the degradation due to the gate and drain bias stress is increased a little. From the experimental results, it is considered that hydrogenation suppress the charge trapping at gate dielectrics as well as improve the characteristics of poly-Si TFT's.

The Role of Keto Defect Sites for the Emission Properties of Polyfluorene-Type Materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil J.W. List ◽  
Roland Guentner ◽  
Patricia Scanducci de Freitas ◽  
Ullrich Scherf
Keyword(s):  
Emission Band ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Green Emission ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Emission ◽  
Defect Sites

ABSTRACTIn this paper we have identified a dominant degradation mechanism of blue light emitting polyfluorene (PF) type polymers, which turns the desired blue emission colour of these polymers into an undesired blue-green emission. As shown low energy emission band at 2.2–2.3 eV can be identified as the emission from exciton and/or charge trapping keto defect sites (9-fluorenone sites), which in fact can be regarded as emission of a guest (defect) accidentally incorporated into the π-conjugated PF backbone. We present spectroscopic evidence for the formation of keto defect sites in 9-monoalkylated polyfluorenes (PF-a) which are identified as the source of the strong low energy emission band. Furthermore we show that the keto defects can be generated directly during polymer synthesis as show for the PF-a or can be formed as main channel of an (photo- or electro-) oxidative degradation process as show for the 9-bisalkylated PF.

Structures of c-di-GMP/cGAMP degrading phosphodiesterase VcEAL: identification of a novel conformational switch and its implication

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (21) ◽  
pp. 3333-3353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malti Yadav ◽  
Kamalendu Pal ◽  
Udayaditya Sen
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Phosphodiester Bond ◽  
Cyclic Dinucleotides

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have emerged as the central molecules that aid bacteria to adapt and thrive in changing environmental conditions. Therefore, tight regulation of intracellular CDN concentration by counteracting the action of dinucleotide cyclases and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is critical. Here, we demonstrate that a putative stand-alone EAL domain PDE from Vibrio cholerae (VcEAL) is capable to degrade both the second messenger c-di-GMP and hybrid 3′3′-cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP). To unveil their degradation mechanism, we have determined high-resolution crystal structures of VcEAL with Ca2+, c-di-GMP-Ca2+, 5′-pGpG-Ca2+ and cGAMP-Ca2+, the latter provides the first structural basis of cGAMP hydrolysis. Structural studies reveal a typical triosephosphate isomerase barrel-fold with substrate c-di-GMP/cGAMP bound in an extended conformation. Highly conserved residues specifically bind the guanine base of c-di-GMP/cGAMP in the G2 site while the semi-conserved nature of residues at the G1 site could act as a specificity determinant. Two metal ions, co-ordinated with six stubbornly conserved residues and two non-bridging scissile phosphate oxygens of c-di-GMP/cGAMP, activate a water molecule for an in-line attack on the phosphodiester bond, supporting two-metal ion-based catalytic mechanism. PDE activity and biofilm assays of several prudently designed mutants collectively demonstrate that VcEAL active site is charge and size optimized. Intriguingly, in VcEAL-5′-pGpG-Ca2+ structure, β5–α5 loop adopts a novel conformation that along with conserved E131 creates a new metal-binding site. This novel conformation along with several subtle changes in the active site designate VcEAL-5′-pGpG-Ca2+ structure quite different from other 5′-pGpG bound structures reported earlier.

Charge Trapping and Degradation Properties of PZT Thin Films for MEMS

1996 ◽  
Vol 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Seag Kim ◽  
D. L. Polla ◽  
S. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
High Field ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Electrical Reliability ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Organic Decomposition

AbstractThe electrical reliability properties of PZT (54/46) thin films have been measured for the purpose of integrating this material with silicon-based microelectromechanical systems. Ferroelectric thin films of PZT were prepared by metal organic decomposition. The charge trapping and degradation properties of these thin films were studied through device characteristics such as hysteresis loop, leakage current, fatigue, dielectric constant, capacitancevoltage, and loss factor measurements. Several unique experimental results have been found. Different degradation processes were verified through fatigue (bipolar stress), low and high charge injection (unipolar stress), and high field stressing (unipolar stress).

Stochastic Models of Particle Trajectories in Turbulent Atmosphere Flows by Using the LANGEVIN Equations

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssra El Qasemy ◽  
Abdelfatah Achahbar ◽  
Abdellatif Khamlichi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Langevin Equations ◽  
Turbulence Data ◽  
Power Curves ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Fluctuating Wind

The stochastic behavior of wind speed is a particular characteristic of wind energy production, which affects the degradation mechanism of the turbine, resulting in stochastic charging on the wind turbine. A model stochastic is used in this study to evaluate the efficiency of wind turbine power of whatever degree given fluctuating wind turbulence data. This model is based on the Langevin equations, which characterize, by two coefficients, drift and diffusion functions. These coefficients describe the behavior of the transformation process from the input wind speed to the output data that need to be determined. For this present work, the computation of drift and diffusion functions has been carried out by using the stochastic model to assess the output variables in terms of the torque and power curves as a function of time, and it is compared by the classical method. The results show that the model stochastic can define the efficiency of wind turbine generation more precisely.

A comparative study of charge trapping effect in p-type MoTe2 and WSe2 FETs using pulsed current–voltage measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 011003
Author(s):  
Jeong Yong Yang ◽  
Chan Ho Lee ◽  
Young Taek Oh ◽  
Jiyeon Ma ◽  
Junseok Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Trapping Effect ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
P Type

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Degradation of Some New 3,5-dimethyl Pyrazole Derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Anca Mihaela Mocanu ◽  
Constantin Luca ◽  
Alina Costina Luca
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
New Products ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Elemental Analysis Data ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
And Storage

The purpose of this research is to synthetize, characterize and thermal degradation of new heterolytic derivates with potential biological properties. The derivates synthesis was done by obtaining new molecules with pyralozone structure which combine two pharmacophore entities: the amidosulfonyl-R1,R2 phenoxyacetil with the 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole which can have potential biological properties. The synthesis stages of the new products are presented as well as the elemental analysis data and IR, 1H-NMR spectral measurements made for elucidating the chemical structures and thermostability study which makes evident the temperature range proper for their use and storage. The obtained results were indicative of a good correlation of the structure with the thermal stability as estimated by means of the initial degradation temperatures as well as with the degradation mechanism by means of the TG-FTIR analysis.

scholarly journals Recent Achievements in Development of TiO2-Based Composite Photocatalytic Materials for Solar Driven Water Purification and Water Splitting

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Perović ◽  
Francis M. dela Rosa ◽  
Marin Kovačić ◽  
Hrvoje Kušić ◽  
Urška Lavrenčič Štangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Metal Chalcogenides ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Clean water and the increased use of renewable energy are considered to be two of the main goals in the effort to achieve a sustainable living environment. The fulfillment of these goals may include the use of solar-driven photocatalytic processes that are found to be quite effective in water purification, as well as hydrogen generation. H2 production by water splitting and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water both rely on the formation of electron/hole (e−/h+) pairs at a semiconducting material upon its excitation by light with sufficient photon energy. Most of the photocatalytic studies involve the use of TiO2 and well-suited model compounds, either as sacrificial agents or pollutants. However, the wider application of this technology requires the harvesting of a broader spectrum of solar irradiation and the suppression of the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. These limitations can be overcome by the use of different strategies, among which the focus is put on the creation of heterojunctions with another narrow bandgap semiconductor, which can provide high response in the visible light region. In this review paper, we report the most recent advances in the application of TiO2 based heterojunction (semiconductor-semiconductor) composites for photocatalytic water treatment and water splitting. This review article is subdivided into two major parts, namely Photocatalytic water treatment and Photocatalytic water splitting, to give a thorough examination of all achieved progress. The first part provides an overview on photocatalytic degradation mechanism principles, followed by the most recent applications for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides with a critical insight into removal mechanism, while the second part focuses on fabrication of TiO2-based heterojunctions with carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides, and multiple composites that were made of three or more semiconductor materials for photocatalytic water splitting.

scholarly journals Charge Trapping in Mixed Organic Donor-Acceptor Semiconductor Thin Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 7555-7560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Nunomura ◽  
Xiaozhou Che ◽  
Stephen R. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Donor Acceptor
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