Segmental Gestures at the Laryngeal Level in Whispered Speech

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Weismer ◽  
Dana Longstreth
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Whispered Speech ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intraoral Pressure

Peak intraoral air pressure and flow were measured simultaneously for the syllables /pa/and/ba/in two speaking conditions (syllable repetitions, and in carrier phrases) and in two phonation modes (normal phonation and whisper). Results indicated that 1) the difference between the intraoral air pressure for/p/and/b/was statistically significant in normal phonation, but not in whisper, 2) the difference in peak flow for/p/and /b/was statistically significant in both normal phonation and whisper, and 3) the pressure and flow data were unaffected by speaking conditions. These data, plus a subsequent analysis of intraoral pressure slopes, are taken to indicate that the voiceless and voiced members of a stop-cognate pair are produced in whisper with unique laryngeal gestures.

Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Experimental Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
William N. Williams ◽  
Paul W. Wharton ◽  
Martha F. Paulk ◽  
William S. Brown ◽  
Glenn E. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Difference Limen ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
The Difference

Objective This study assessed a single subject's ability to detect the difference limen (DLs) for his self-generated intraoral air pressure while his oral and nasal cavities were experimentally coupled. Method The subject, a 46-year-old man, uses a speech bulb prosthesis to cover an unrepaired cleft of his hard and soft palates. The subject's oral and nasal cavities were experimentally coupled by drilling different size holes through the speech-bulb component of the prosthesis to approximate conditions of velopharyngeal insufficiency. There were four hole-size conditions (10, 15, 20, and 30 mm2), a no-prosthesis condition, and pre- and postbaseline conditions with the prosthesis intact. The subject blew into a tube connected to a pressure transducer and was presented with a series of paired pressure loads. The first pressure load of each pair was the referent (1, 3, or 5 cm H2O), and the second was a preselected comparator load of a different amount. The subject blew into the tube with sufficient force to center the voltage meter's needle at the zero mark. The subject then reported whether the second pressure load required more, less, or equal breath pressure, compared with the referent pressure load of that pair. Results Size of the hole coupling the oral/nasal cavities did not significantly affect the subject's difference limen. Conclusion Experimental coupling of the oral/nasal cavities did not affect this subject's ability to detect differences in his self-generated intraoral air pressure.

Intraoral Air Pressure During the Production of /p/ and /b/ by Children, Youths, and Adults

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bernthal ◽  
David R. Beukelman
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Intraoral Pressure

Peak intraoral air pressures produced by 12 children (age four to six years), 12 youths (age 10 to 12 years), and 12 adults (age 19 to 46 years) were measured during the production of /p/ and /b/ in 12 stimulus words placed in a carrier phrase. Mean pressures produced by children and youths were similar but significantly higher than those for adults. Pressures associated with /p/ were significantly higher than those associated with /b/ across all age groups. Mean pressures associated with the intervocalic context were significantly higher than for the post-vocalic context. An inverse relationship was found between age and variability of intraoral pressure, and the variability of pressure associated with /b/ was greater across all age groups than that associated with /p/.

Correlates of Turbulent Noise Production for Speech

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hixon ◽  
Fred D. Minifie ◽  
Charles A. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Volume Rate ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Noise Production ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Intraoral air pressure, volume rate of airflow, and sound pressure level were measured during /∫/ and /s/ productions of two speakers. In addition numerical estimates of the loudness of the productions were made by each speaker and by a group of judges. The power laws governing the relations among the parameters of interest are discussed and the results are compared with available data on voice production.

Intraoral Air Pressure and Oral Air Flow Under Different Bleed and Bite-Block Conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H.B. Putnam ◽  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
Charles U. Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Orifice Area ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Intraoral Pressure ◽  
Production Characteristics

Intraoral pressures and oral flows were measured as normal talkers produced /p/ and /si/ under experimental conditions that perturbed the usual aeromechanical production characteristics of the consonants. A translabial pressure-release device was used to bleed off intraoral pressure during /p/. Bite—blocks were used to open the anterior bite artificially during /s/. For /p/, intraoral pressure decreased and translabial air leakage increased as bleed orifice area increased. For /s/, flow increased as the area of sibilant constriction increased, but differential pressure across the /s/ oral constriction did not vary systematically with changes in its area. Flow on postconsonantal vowels // and /i/ did not vary systematically across experimental conditions. The data imply that maintenance of perturbed intraoral pressure was more effective when compensatory options included opportunity for increased respiratory drive and structural adjustments at the place of consonant articulation rather than increased respiratory drive alone.

Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Activity in Relation to Intraoral Air Pressure Variation in Cleft Palate Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Jerald B. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
High Activation ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
High Activation Level ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure ◽  
Total Activation

A comparison of the ranges of levator veli palatini EMG activity for speech versus a nonspeech task for subjects with cleft palate was the focus of this study. EMG values are also compared with subjects without cleft palate obtained in a previous study. Hooked-wire electrodes were inserted into the levator muscle of five adult subjects with cleft palate exhibiting mild hypernasality. Intraoral air pressure was measured concurrently. A blowing task was used to determine the subject's operating range for the levator muscle. Both the nonspeech and speech tasks were designed to sample the widest possible ranges of levator EMG activity. It was found that the subjects with cleft palate used a relatively high activation level for the levator muscle during speech, in relation to their total activation range, compared with the subjects without cleft palate. Implications are discussed In relation to possible anatomic and physiologic differences for cleft palate subjects compared to normal.

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