Summed Evoked Responses Using Pure-Tone Stimuli

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geary A. McCandless ◽  
Lavar Best
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Major Consideration

Selected pure tones were used as stimuli in a study of evoked auditory responses in 25 adults. The effects of stimulus frequency, intensity, and duration on the evoked response were evaluated. Pure-tone stimuli appear to be as satisfactory as click stimuli in eliciting auditory evoked responses and have the additional advantage of providing more information relative to auditory function. Evoked response patterns were essentially the same for 500 Hz (cps), 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz. Latencies were longer for the components of pure-tone-evoked responses than for click-evoked responses. Evoked responses may be influenced by (1) changes in stimulus parameters and (2) changes in subject’s psychophysical state. These variables become a major consideration in the recognition of the evoked response at intensity levels near threshold.

Masking Level Differences: Auditory Evoked Responses with Homophasic and Antiphasic Signal and Noise

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yonovitz ◽  
C. L. Thompson ◽  
Joseph Lozar
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response ◽  
Level Difference ◽  
Masking Level Difference ◽  
Objective Quantification

Two studies were devised to determine if objective quantification of the masking level difference is possible using the auditory evoked response (AER). In the first study, click stimuli were presented under three conditions: both the stimulus and masker in phase (SoNo); stimulus in phase, masker antiphasic (SoN π ); and stimulus antiphasic with masker in phase (S π No). In the second study 1000 Hz pure-tone stimuli were presented under SoNo and S π No phasic conditions. AER’s were obtained at various intensity levels for each condition. The AER demonstrated differences in N 1 -P 2 amplitudes evoked by the homophasic and antiphasic conditions for threshold and suprathreshold levels.

Auditory Responses

2017 ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Aina Puce
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Auditory Cortices

This chapter briefly describes the various types of evoked and event-related responses that can be recorded in response to auditory stimulation, such as clicks and tones, and speech. Transient auditory-evoked responses are generally grouped into three major categories according to their latencies: (a) brainstem auditory evoked potentials occur within the first 10 ms, typically with 5–7 deflections, (b) middle-latency auditory-evoked potentials occur within 12 to 50 ms, and (c) long-latency auditory-evoked potentials range from about 50 to 250 ms with generators in the supratemporal auditory cortex. Steady-state auditory responses can be elicited by periodic stimuli, They can be used in frequency-tagging experiments, for example in following inputs from the left and right ear to the auditory cortices of both hemispheres.

Evoked Responses to Auditory Stimuli in Man Using a Summing Computer

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geary A. McCandless ◽  
LaVar Best
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Stimulus Parameter ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Stimulus Repetition Rate

A special purpose analog computer system was used to measure evoked auditory responses in children and adults. The responses were studied as a function of stimulus intensity, electrode placement, monaural-binaural stimulus presentation, and stimulus repetition rate. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of a summing computer system as a device to assess hearing in children and adults. Consistent evoked responses were obtained near threshold levels. Evoked response patterns vary in different age groups, and the pattern is modified by changes in stimulus parameter and electrode placement. Results suggest that a summing computer may hold real promise as a tool for providing information concerning auditory function.

scholarly journals Spectral response patterns of auditory cortex neurons to harmonic complex tones in alert monkey (Macaca mulatta)

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schwarz ◽  
R. W. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Pure Tones

1. The auditory cortex in the superior temporal region of the alert rhesus monkey was explored for neuronal responses to pure and harmonic complex tones and noise. The monkeys had been previously trained to recognize the similarity between harmonic complex tones with and without fundamentals. Because this suggested that they could preceive the pitch of the lacking fundamental similarly to humans, we searched for neuronal responses relevant to this perception. 2. Combination-sensitive neurons that might explain pitch perception were not found in the surveyed cortical regions. Such neurons would exhibit similar responses to stimuli with similar periodicities but differing spectral compositions. The fact that no neuron with responses to a fundamental frequency responded also to a corresponding harmonic complex missing the fundamental indicates that cochlear distortion products at the fundamental may not have been responsible for missing fundamental-pitch perception in these monkeys. 3. Neuronal responses can be expressed as relatively simple filter functions. Neurons with excitatory response areas (tuning curves) displayed various inhibitory sidebands at lower and/or higher frequencies. Thus responses varied along a continuum of combined excitatory and inhibitory filter functions. 4. Five elementary response classes along this continuum are presented to illustrate the range of response patterns. 5. “Filter (F) neurons” had little or no inhibitory sidebands and responded well when any component of a complex tone entered its pure-tone receptive field. Bandwidths increased with intensity. Filter functions of these neurons were thus similar to cochlear nerve-fiber tuning curves. 6. ”High-resolution filter (HRF) neurons” displayed narrow tuning curves with narrowband widths that displayed little growth with intensity. Such cells were able to resolve up to the lowest seven components of harmonic complex tones as distinct responses. They also responded well to wideband stimuli. 7. “Fundamental (F0) neurons” displayed similar tuning bandwidths for pure tones and corresponding fundamentals of harmonic complexes. This response pattern was due to lower harmonic complexes. This response pattern was due to lower inhibitory sidebands. Thus these cells cannot respond to missing fundamentals of harmonic complexes. Only physically present components in the pure-tone receptive field would excite such neurons. 8. Cells with no or very weak responses to pure tones or other narrowband stimuli responded well to harmonic complexes or wideband noise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

A surface recorded vestibular evoked response to acceleration in cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (S9) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elidan ◽  
H. Sohmer ◽  
M. Nitzan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Viiith Nerve ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vestibular Pathways ◽  
Averaging Techniques

AbstractVestibular evoked responses to repetitive acceleration stimuli were recorded by skin electrodes in cats using filtering and averaging techniques. The response is made up of six—eight waves during the first 10 msec following the stimulus. Longer latency myogenic responses had large amplitude and disappeared following the paralysis of the animals. The neurogenic waves disappeared after the destruction of both inner ears or the excision of both eighth nerves and following death. Destruction of the inner ear, or excision of the VIIIth nerve on one side leads to response patterns of excitation vs. inhibition when appropriate excitatory and inhibitory acceleration stimuli are applied. The possible generators of the evoked responses are discussed in the light of the physiology of the vestibular pathways, and the results of the present experiments suggest that the generators of the first and second waves are the vestibular nerve and vestibular nucleus respectively. In addition, the vestibular evoked response seemed to be more sensitive to ischemia of the brain than the auditory brainstem evoked response and may therefore reflect better changes in brain function.

Effects of Rise-Fall Time, Frequency, and Intensity on the Early/Middle Evoked Response

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall C. Beattie ◽  
Margaret Moretti ◽  
Virginia Warren
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Response ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Fall Time ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Specificity ◽  
Band Pass

Auditory evoked responses to tone pips were recorded on 10 normally hearing adults. Tone pips centered at 500 and 2000 Hz with 1, 2, and 4 ms rise-fall times were presented at intensities of 40, 30, 20, and 10 dB nHL. The band-pass of the recording-amplifier system was set to 55 and 3000 Hz. Responses were measured during the first 25 ms following the onset of the stimulus and the first three prominent waves were labeled P10, N15, and P20. The results indicated that varying rise-fall times from 1 to 4 ms had little effect on the detectability of these waves. Consequently, the 4-ms rise-fall time was recommended because of its greater frequency specificity. The number of identifiable responses was similar for both 500 and 2000 Hz for waves P10, N15, and P20. The similarity in the number of detectable responses suggests that any of these waves may be used as a threshold indicator. The acoustic/physiologic mechanisms underlying the latency changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Auditory Evoked Potentials P50: Pure-tones vs Clicks. There is a Similar Supression?

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
PhD M.D, Seidel Guerra López ◽  
M.D, María de Los A. Pedroso Rodríguez ◽  
M.D, Diego Cantero ◽  
Gilvan Aguiar da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Middle Latency ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Clinical application of middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEPs) has been increasing, highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of P50, a component of middle-latency auditory evoked potential. We manipulated stimulus frequency bands in auditory stimuli in order to investigate the nature of P50 in human auditory evoked potentials. Methods: Two paradigms have been used to obtain P50: one is a conditioning /testing paradigm in which paired of pure tone (1000Hz) are delivered, and the other was presented paired of clicks, both with an intensity of 60 dB sound pressure level above the auditory threshold. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study among Center of genetic engineering (fifteen man and fifteen women, mean age of 36, 5). All without consumption of caffeine, cigarettes and drugs. Results: No statistically significant differences occurred between the P50 amplitudes and latencies for the pure tone and those for the clicks. Conclusions: Our present results indicate that P50 in humans may reflect a feed-forward mechanism of the brain where a preceding stimulus drives sensory gating mechanisms in preparation for a second stimulus, but the contained frequency doesn't influence on the P50. Both types (tones or clicks) can be used in the exploration of patient with this evoked potential.

Non-Organic Hearing Loss and the Consistency of Behavioral Auditory Responses

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Tone Stimulus ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Sensory Neural Hearing Loss ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

The method of limits and the method of constant stimuli were employed to investigate test-retest consistency in behavioral auditory responsivity within 18 normal hearing subjects, 18 subjects with sensory-neural hearing loss and 18 subjects with non-organic hearing loss. A 1 000 cps pure-tone stimulus was used for all measurements. Findings suggest that: (1) individuals with non-organic hearing loss are as consistent as normal hearing subjects and subjects with sensory-neural hearing loss when reproducing pure-tone thresholds measured at 1 000 cps by identical psychophysical methods; (2) response patterns obtained with two procedures utilizing the method of constant stimuli clearly differentiate the performance of subjects with non-organic hearing loss from that of normal hearing subjects and subjects with sensory-neural hearing loss, while the response patterns produced by normal hearing subjects are practically identical to those produced by subjects with sensory-neural hearing loss; (3) “shock threat” included in one procedure employing the method of constant stimuli failed to significantly affect responsivity patterns within either of the three groups.

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