Serum carnosinase activities in patients with alcoholic chronic skeletal muscle myopathy

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Duane ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

1. Serum carnosinase activity was assayed in a group of alcoholic patients with and without histologically proven atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres, and in control subjects. No significant activity was detected in muscle biopsy samples or washed erythrocytes. 2. Serum carnosinase activity was significantly lower in chronic alcoholic patients compared with a group of age-matched controls. Alcoholics with abnormal muscle biopsies had significantly lower enzyme activities than either those patients with normal muscle biopsies or the controls. Serum enzyme activities in patients with normal muscle biopsies were not significantly different from controls. 3. Serum carnosinase activity was inversely correlated with the degree of muscle atrophy as measured by the type II fibre atrophy factor. There was a positive correlation between the enzyme activity and skeletal muscle mass as reflected by the creatinine-height index. Furthermore, the enzyme activity significantly increased, with resolution or improvement in the myopathy, in patients who abstained from alcohol. 4. Kinetic studies showed that the reduced carnosinase activity was due mainly to a decrease in the apparent Vmax. The apparent Km was significantly higher in the myopathic compared with non-myopathic alcoholics. Mixing serum from controls and patients with myopathy gave the expected values, indicating the absence of a serum enzyme inhibitory factor. Acute alcohol loading had no effect on the serum carnosinase activity. 5. The decrease in serum carnosinase activity in alcoholics was not related to the severity of their liver disease. Assays of serum carnosinase in chronic alcoholics can thus be used as a marker of their associated myopathy.

Glucocorticosteroid status in chronic alcoholics with and without skeletal muscle myopathy

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Duane ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Alcoholic Myopathy ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres

1. Chronic alcoholism is associated with a selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. We studied the glucocorticoid status of chronic alcoholics with and without myopathy to determine if hypercortisolism is responsible for the myopathy. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary Cortisol excretion and diurnal serum Cortisol measurements were not significantly different in chronic alcoholics, with and without atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. 3. Diurnal serum Cortisol variation was normal for both groups of alcoholics studied. None of the patients with myopathy had raised serum Cortisol levels. 4. We conclude that chronic alcoholic myopathy is not due to alcohol-related pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.

Glycogen Content and Activities of Key Glycolytic Enzymes in Muscle Biopsies from Control Subjects and Patients with Chronic Alcoholic Skeletal Myopathy

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Martin ◽  
A. J. Levi ◽  
G. Slavin ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Phosphofructokinase Activity ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

1. The capacity for glycolysis in muscle biopsies obtained from long-term heavy alcohol drinking patients has been compared with tissue from control subjects by assay in vitro of the total activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, key regulatory enzymes in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway. 2. Biopsies from 13 of 22 patients had type II fibre atrophy, and the activities of all three enzymes were reduced in these biopsies, when expressed in terms of DNA content, the most striking reduction being in phosphofructokinase activity. 3. The amount of glycogen in the tissue correlated closely with these enzyme activities and was slightly lower in the most atrophic tissue, when expressed in terms of DNA content. 4. The activities of acid and neutral α-glucosidases were similar in biopsies from control subjects and patients with various severities of alcohol myopathy. 5. The reduced activities are consistent with a reduced proportion of type II fibre muscle mass in these patients, and suggest that there may be a reduced capacity for glycolysis with resultant reduced lactate production. Whether the changes in enzyme activities are primary to the selective atrophy remains to be established.

Enzyme studies of skeletal muscle in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn W. McCaman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse

The activities of 20 enzymes in normal, heterozygous, and dystrophic mouse muscle were studied by means of quantitative microchemical methods. Enzyme activities in normal and heterozygous muscle were essentially the same. In dystrophic muscle glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, peptidase, ß-glucuronidase, and glucokinase activities were significantly higher than in normal muscle, while α-glycero-P dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were significantly lower. The pattern of enzyme activities found in normal gastrocnemius denervated by nerve section was strikingly similar to that in dystrophic muscle.

scholarly journals Gambaran makroskopik dan mikroskopik otot skelet pada hewan coba postmortem

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella B. Nelwan ◽  
Sunny Wangko ◽  
Taufik F. Pasiak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Microscopic Change

Abstract: To make pathologists and law personnel aware of the importance of postmortem interval, published studies have reported a lot of methods for estimation of postmortem interval estimation of the remains. This study was aimed to obtain macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes of skeletal muscle of two domestic pigs weighed 20 kg. This was a descriptive observational study. After the pigs were killed, death time, ambient temperature and humadity were noted. Postmortem evaluation were done at several time intervals, as follows: 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 21 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 42 hours, and 48 hours. The results showed that at 2 hours after death, the skeletal muscle became pale and soft progressively. The earliest microscopic change was identified at 30 minutes postmortem as pyknotic nuclei of skeletal muscles followed by hydrophic degeneration of muscle fibers and congestion of muscle tisue. At 12 hours until 48 hours postmortem, all microscopic changes became more distinct and widely distributed in nearly all muscle fibres. Albeit, the striated pattern and some normal muscle fibres could still be identified until 48 hours postmortem.Conclusion: Macroscopic changes could be identified the earliest at 2 hours postmortem and microscopic changes could be identified at 30 minutes postmortem.Keywords: macroscopic, microscopic, skeletal muscle, postmortem changes Abstrak: Para peneliti telah banyak menggunakan metode-metode tertentu untuk membuat para penegak hukum dan ahli patologis lainnya memahami pentingnya penentuan jarak waktu kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perubahan makroskopik dan mikroskopik postmortem pada otot skelet hewan coba babi dengan massa tubuh lebih kurang 20 kg. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Hewan coba dimatikan dengan cara ditusuk di bagian jantung, selanjutnya waktu kematian, suhu dan kelembaban ruangan dicatat. Otot skelet diamati pada beberapa interval waktu setelah kematian: 30 menit, 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam, 9 jam, 12 jam, 15 jam, 18 jam, 21 jam, 24 jam 30 jam, 36 jam, 42 jam dan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa otot skelet menjadi pucat dan lunak setelah 2 jam postmortem secara progresif. Pada 1 jam postmortem, tampak serat otot mengalami kongesti dan degenerasi hidropik. Perubahan mikroskopik tersebut menjadi lebih nyata dan tersebar luas di sebagian besar serat otot pada 12 jam sampai 48 postmortem. Walaupun demikian, corak seran lintang dan sebagian kecil serat otot masih tampak normal sampai 48 jam postmortem. Simpulan: Perubahan makroskopik telah dapat diidentifikasi pada 2 jam postmortem sedangkan perubahan mikroskopik mulai dapat diidentifikasi pada 30 menit postmortem.Kata kunci: makroskopik, mikroskopik, otot skelet, perubahan setelah kematian

scholarly journals Calcium and strontium contractile activation properties of single skinned skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women 66-90 years of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue M Ronaldson ◽  
George D Stephenson ◽  
Stewart I Head
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The single skinned muscle fibre technique was used to investigate Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women (66-90 years). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Three populations of muscle fibres were identified according to their specific Sr2+- activation properties: slow-twitch (type I) fast-twitch (type II) and hybrid (type I/II) fibres. All three fibre types were sampled from the biopsies of 66 to 72 years old women, but the muscle biopsies of women older than 80 years yielded only slow-twitch (type I) fibres. The proportion of hybrid fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle of women of circa 70 years of age (24%) was several-fold greater than in the same muscle of adults (<10%), suggesting that muscle remodelling occurs around this age. There were no differences between the Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of slow-twitch fibres from the two groups of elderly women, but there were differences compared with muscle fibres from adults with respect to sensitivity to Ca2+, steepness of the activation curves, and characteristics of the fibre-type dependent phenomenon of spontaneous force oscillations (SOMO) occurring at sub-maximal levels of activation. The maximal Ca2+ activated specific force from all the fibres collected from the seven old women use in the present study was significantly lower by 20% than in the same muscle of adults. Taken together these results show there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the activation properties of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis muscle of women with advancing age, and that these changes need to be considered when explaining observed changes in womens mobility with aging.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical changes of the skeletal muscle in human chronic Chagas' disease

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia Taratuto ◽  
M. A. Pagano ◽  
Teresa Fumo ◽  
Olga P. Sanz ◽  
R. E. P. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were performed in 7 subjects with chronic Chagas' disease. On clinical and laboratory grounds the selected patients were judged to be healthy, being the only abnormality found the presence of positive serum tests for Chagas' disease. Fibre type grouping of either type I or type II was observed in 5 of the 7 patients. Furthermore, in 2 of the 5 patients showing muscle fibre groupings, angular fibres reacting with NADH and non-specific sterase were also found. These observations strongly suggest denervation associated with reinervation. This picture often can be observed in the skeletal muscle of patients with well compensated denervatory conditions who do not show clinical evidences of denervation.

Effects of exercise on skeletal muscle and serum enzyme activities in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Doiz� ◽  
R. Laporte ◽  
L. Deroth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Serum Enzyme
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