Intralymphocytic Sodium Concentration as An Index of Response to Stress and Exercise in Young Subjects with Borderline Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 25s-27s ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ambrosioni ◽  
F. V. Costa ◽  
L. Montebugnoli ◽  
C. Borghi ◽  
B. Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

1. A highly significant correlation between intralymphocytic sodium concentration and basal diastolic blood pressure can be found only in patients with sustained essential hypertension. 2. In subjects with borderline hypertension and in normotensive subjects with familial hypertension a highly significant correlation can be found between intralymphocytic sodium concentration and the increase in diastolic blood pressure induced by mental arithmetic or handgrip exercise. 3. The increase in diastolic blood pressure recorded during mental arithmetic and handgrip in patients with borderline hypertension and in genetic normotensive subjects is significantly greater if intralymphocytic sodium concentration is greater than 26 mmol/kg.

Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Reproducibility of haemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to isometric exercise and mental arithmetic in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Lenders ◽  
Harry Houben ◽  
Rudolf Van Valderen ◽  
Jacques Willemsen ◽  
Theo Thien
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. To determine the reproducibility of a mental arithmetic stress test and a handgrip exercise test, we studied the responses of blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and plasma catecholamines on two occasions, with an interval of at least 1 week, in 24 normotensive and 22 hypertensive subjects. 2. The se of a single observation of the percentage changes of blood pressure ranged from 3.9 to 9.3% in normotensive subjects and from 3.9 to 7.4% in hypertensive subjects in both tests. For heart rate, these values were 4.9–12.3% in the normotensive subjects and 4.8–5.7% in the hypertensive subjects. However, there was a wide individual scatter of these haemodynamic responses during both tests. The forearm blood flow, only measured during mental arithmetic, had an se of a single observation of 33.7%. 3. In 10 normotensive subjects the se of a single observation of the change in plasma noradrenaline was 0.16 nmol/l during handgrip exercise and 0.09 nmol/l during mental arithmetic. The corresponding values for plasma adrenaline were 0.04 and 0.05 nmol/l. 4. In conclusion, although both tests showed a rather low se of a single observation for the blood pressure and heart rate responses in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects, there was a considerable individual variability. If related to the mean forearm blood flow responses, the se of a single observation of the forearm blood flow response was of similar magnitude. The limited intra-individual reproducibility of both tests should be borne in mind when interpreting pharmacological intervention studies or studies evaluating sympathoadrenal reactivity in cardiovascular disorders.

Effects of a Low-Salt Diet and of Acute Salt Loading on Blood Pressure and Intralymphocytic Sodium Concentration in Young Subjects with Borderline Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 21s-23s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Costa ◽  
E. Ambrosioni ◽  
L. Montebugnoli ◽  
L. Paccaloni ◽  
L. Vasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Young Subjects

1. Three groups of young patients with borderline hypertension were studied for a 12 months period. The first was on a free sodium diet while the second was on a low-salt diet. The third group of patients underwent acute salt loading. 2. After 12 months the group on free diet showed a significant increase of intralymphocytic sodium but no change in blood pressure was noted. Five patients who were re-checked after 24 months also had a significant increase in blood pressure. 3. Patients treated with a low-salt diet showed a significant decrease of both intralymphocytic sodium concentration and blood pressure. 4. After acute salt loading, borderline subjects with high intralymphocytic sodium showed a significant greater natriuresis whereas intralymphocytic sodium increased only in those subjects in whom it was initially normal.

Low Urinary Kallikrein Excretion and Elevated Blood Pressure Normalized by Orally Applied Kallikrein in Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 263s-265s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Overlack ◽  
K. O. Stumpe ◽  
C. Ressel ◽  
F. Krück
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein Excretion ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Urinary kallikrein was measured in 67 patients with essential hypertension and 25 normotensive subjects variously on unrestricted and low sodium diet. Also, the effect of orally applied hog pancreatic kallikrein on elevated blood pressure and kallikrein excretion was evaluated. 2. Urinary kallikrein was reduced in a large subgroup of patients with sustained essential hypertension. 3. With salt restriction, urinary kallikrein rose markedly in normotensive subjects and patients with borderline hypertension but not in those with sustained hypertension. 4. Oral kallikrein normalized reduced kallikrein excretion and lowered elevated blood pressure. 5. The rise in urinary kallikrein with oral kallikrein was due to an increased formation of endogenous enzyme. 6. A defective kallikrein—kinin system may be involved in both the low urinary kallikrein excretion and the hypertension.

Increased Intralymphocytic Sodium Content in Essential Hypertension: An Index of Impaired Na+ Cellular Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ambrosioni ◽  
F. V. Costa ◽  
L. Montebugnoli ◽  
F. Tartagni ◽  
B. Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Secondary Hypertension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. The sodium concentration in lymphocytes was measured in a group of 66 normotensive subjects (40 without familial hypertension and 26 with familial hypertension), in a group of 81 patients with essential hypertension and in a group of 14 patients with secondary hypertension. 2. The mean value (±sd) in normotensive subjects with no history of familial hypertension was 21.9 ± 3.1 mmol/kg wet weight, which was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that of normotensive subjects with familial hypertension (mean value 27.9 ± 4.2 mmol/kg). Lymphocyte sodium concentration was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension (33.2 ± 3.3 mmol/kg; P < 0.001) than in the subjects with normal blood pressure without familial hypertension. 3. In the patients with essential hypertension there was a significant correlation between lymphocyte sodium concentration and systolic (P < 0.005), diastolic (P < 0.001) and mean (P < 0.001) blood pressure. In the normotensive subjects there was no correlation between the lymphocyte sodium concentration and the blood pressure. 4. The patients with secondary forms of hypertension had normal lymphocyte sodium concentration, except in the case of Conn's disease. 5. Incubation with ouabain increased lymphocyte sodium concentration in the normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension; the final sodium concentration was similar in the two groups. 6. When lymphocytes from normotensive subjects without familial hypertension were incubated in plasma of patients with essential hypertension there was an increase in their sodium content.

Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

Abstract 2470: Augmented Tonic Activation Of Chemoreceptors May Contribute To Sympathetic Overactivity In Patients With Essential Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Sinski ◽  
Jacek Lewandowski ◽  
Joanna Bidiuk ◽  
Piotr Abramczyk ◽  
Anna Dobosiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Carotid Body Chemoreceptors

Rationale : Peripheral chemoreflex contributes to regulation of arterial blood pressure and chemoreceptors respond not only to hypoxia but they are also continuously activated by normal ambient oxygen concentration. Stimulation of chemoreceptors activates sympathetic traffic and this response may be altered in subjects with essential hypertension.. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of deactivation of carotid body chemoreceptors on sympathetic activity directly measured as MSNA (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) in young subjects with mild to moderate untreated hypertension. Methods: Twelve patients with essential hypertension (36±9 years, all men, BMI 29±4 kg/m 2 ,) and 8 controls (37±7, men BMI 27±5kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. None of the patients or controls received any medications. MSNA (burst/minute and mean burst amplitude - au), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), ECG, hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (Sat%), end tidal CO 2 and respiratory movements were monitored and measured after 10 minute of respiration by non-rebreathing mask with 100% 0 2 or 21% O 2 applied in blinded fashion. Results: Hypertensives had higher resting MSNA (38.6 ±8.6 burst/min vs. 30.3±.7 burst/min, p<0.05), SBP (149.1± 9.9 vs. 124.1 ±11.6, p < 0.05) and DBP (92.1 ±8.6 vs. 78.1 ± 8.9, p< 0.05) than controls. Breathing with 100% oxygen caused significant decrease in MSNA in hypertensives (from 38.6 ± 8.6 burst/min to 26.3 burst/min ± 6.8 and from 100 ± 0 au to 86 ± 18 au, p< 0.05) and no change in MSNA in controls (30.3 ± 5.7 burst/min initially and 27.3 burst/min ± 6.2 after 100% 0 2 , 100 ± 0 au vs. 98 ± 11 au). Blood pressure, end tidal CO 2 , respiration frequency did not change significantly after hyperoxia while HR decreased (from 69.6 ± 9 to 64.1 ± 7 in hypertensives p<0.05 and from 67± 8 to 62.5 ± 7 in controls, p< 0.05). Sat% increased significantly in both groups to 99%. Conclusions: Increased sympathetic activity in young, untreated hypertensives may be caused by the elevated tonic chemoreflex activation.

Objective Measurement of Performance during Acute Stress in Patients with Essential Hypertension: Assessment of the Effects of Propranolol and Metoprolol

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 413s-415s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Dunn ◽  
A. R. Lorimer ◽  
T. D. V. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Car Driving

1. A standardized method of objectively measuring performance during simulated car driving is described. 2. The effect of a single dose of propranolol and metoprolol were compared with placebo in two groups of patients with untreated essential hypertension. 3. Performance was similar after β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents or placebo. 4. Blood pressure response to stress persisted after administration of the blocking agents.

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