Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

Development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in rats under dietary sodium restriction

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. H889-H894 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Munoz-Ramirez ◽  
R. E. Chatelain ◽  
F. M. Bumpus ◽  
P. A. Khairallah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Goldblatt Hypertension

In Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral renal artery stenosis and an intact contralateral kidney, administration of a low-sodium diet did not prevent the development of hypertension. Despite an elevated blood pressure, hyponatremia, marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and increased hematocrit values, only 10% of the rats showed lesions of malignant hypertension. Systolic blood pressures of one- and two-kidney sham-operated rats fed a low-sodium diet were significantly higher than that of normotensive controls fed a normal diet. Uninephrectomy did not reduce plasma renin activity. The low-sodium diet increased plasma renin activity to about the same level in one- and two-kidney normotensive rats. However, the increase in plasma renin activity elicited by dietary sodium restriction was markedly less in one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. Systolic blood pressure reached similar levels in one- and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rats fed a low-sodium diet. These data indicate that a decrease in sodium intake does not prevent the development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.

Effect of Volume Depletion and Subsequent Propranolol Treatment on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Essential and with Renovascular Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 69s-71s
Author(s):  
G. G. Geyskes ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
F. H. H. Leenen ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Renin Activity

1. In nineteen patients, five with unilateral renal artery stenosis and fourteen with essential hypertension (WHO grades I–II), blood pressure, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes and plasma renin activity were studied at the end of three sequential periods: (a) after at least 3 days on a 60 mmol Na+ diet; (b) after 3 days of salt depletion induced with a diuretic and sustained on a 20 mmol Na+ diet; (c) after 3 days during which the 20 mmol Na+ diet was continued and beta-receptor blockade was induced by increasing dosages of propranolol up to 320 mg daily. 2. After sodium depletion extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume decreased and plasma renin activity increased; blood pressure did not change significantly. 3. After adding propranolol, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume remained low, and there was a significant decrease in plasma renin activity and blood pressure. 4. No correlation could be demonstrated between changes of blood pressure and plasma renin activity. 5. When the responses of the five patients with renal artery stenosis were compared with those of the fourteen patients with essential hypertension, no significant differences were found. 6. Propranolol has a strong anti-hypertensive effect after Na+ depletion, irrespective of the absolute activities of plasma renin.

Effects of Prazosin on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Man

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 337s-339s
Author(s):  
J. Rosenthal ◽  
H. Jaeger ◽  
I. Arlart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect ◽  
Hypotensive Action ◽  
Peripheral Vasodilatation ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. The effects of oral administration of 4·5 mg of prazosin/day on blood pressure and on plasma renin activity were assessed in patients with essential hypertension and in healthy normotensive volunteer subjects. 2. Mean blood pressure in the hypertensive group fell significantly within 2 weeks of treatment, whereas heart rate was little affected. None of the parameters measured in the normotensive subjects during treatment with prazosin revealed significant changes. 3. Sub-classification of the hypertensive patients into low-, normal- and high-renin categories revealed significant decreases of renin in all six patients with high renin- and in four out of 12 patients with normal renin- but not in the two patients with low renin-essential hypertension. 4. The results indicate that prazosin exerts its hypotensive action and suppresses plasma renin activity particularly in patients with high renin-essential hypertension. These may be considered to have increased sympathetic drive. 5. Conceivably, the blood pressure-lowering effect of prazosin is effected by peripheral vasodilatation and also by a decreased venous return to the heart.

Effect of Atenolol(Tenormin®) on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Soon Kyu Suh ◽  
Sae Wha Yoo ◽  
Soon Chang Park ◽  
Joon Sock Kim ◽  
Kyung Ho Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity

scholarly journals Evaluation of plasma renin activity by blood pressure level (pressure-renin index) in patients with essential hypertension.

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 954-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIRO NODA ◽  
KOSHIRO FUKIYAMA ◽  
KENSHI KUMAMOTO ◽  
SHUICHI TAKISHITA ◽  
TERUKAZU KAWASAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Level Pressure

Familial Hypertension and Hormonal Profile, Renal Haemodynamics and Body Fluids of Young Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 367s-371s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bianchi ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
G. Bracchi ◽  
D. Cusi ◽  
M. Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Almost all the factors that may cause a rise in blood pressure are, in turn, influenced by the increase in blood pressure per se. Thus any primary involvement of one or more of these factors in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension must be evaluated before or during the development of hypertension. 2. Young normotensive subjects both of whose parents are hypertensive have a much higher probability of developing hypertension than those whose parents are both normotensive. 3. The following measurements were made in 56 subjects of the first group (both parents hypertensive) and 35 of the second group (both parents normotensive), matched for age, sex and body surface area: renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, using p-aminohippurate and inulin clearance; 24 h urinary excretion of aldosterone, protein and electrolytes; plasma renin activity; plasma volume. Plasma catecholamines and cardiac index were also measured in 26 subjects of the first group and 25 subjects of the second group using a radioenzymic method and echocardiography. 4. All these factors were similar in the two groups except that renal plasma flow was higher in the first group (767·2 ± 30 versus 650·7 ± 17 ml/min, P < 0·01). Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in subjects with a higher renal plasma flow, but there was no significant negative correlation between the two factors. 5. The possibility that the higher renal plasma flow in subjects with a high probability of developing hypertension is a compensatory mechanism for a primary intrarenal defect is discussed.

An Investigation into the Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Acromegaly

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Snow ◽  
D. A. Piercy ◽  
Valerie Robson ◽  
R. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Sodium Overload

1. In 29 patients with acromegaly, plasma renin activity and growth hormone were measured during fasting and recumbency on free diet. Exchangeable sodium was measured in all cases and expressed as a percentage of the expected value on the basis of lean body mass. 2. Twenty-two control subjects without evidence of cardiovascular, renal or endocrine disease were studied in the same way. 3. There was a significant increase in exchangeable sodium and suppression of plasma renin activity in the acromegalic patients in comparison with control subjects. 4. There was a significant positive correlation between exchangeable sodium and plasma growth hormone. 5. Hypertensive acromegalic patients (diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg) tend to have a lower (although not significantly so) exchangeable sodium than normotensive subjects. 6. We conclude that (a) suppression of plasma renin activity in acromegaly can be explained by sodium retention, (b) hypersecretion of growth hormone is probably responsible for the increased exchangeable sodium, and (c) sodium overload cannot be directly related to blood pressure but may contribute to the increased occurrence of hypertension in acromegaly.

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