Hypoventilation Yoga Exercises: Effects on Respiratory Metabolism

Aim. Assessment of changes in respiratory metabolism and parameters of external respiration during hypoventilation yoga exercises. Material and methods. 22 experienced volunteers (18 men and 4 women, mean age 42.95 ± 8.14 years) performed yoga breathing exercises with a frequency of 3 times per minute, 1.5 times per minute, 1 time per minute, as well as free breathing for 2 minutes. Respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV), partial pressure of CO2 in expired air at the end of exhalation (PetCO2), percentage of O2 in expired air (FeO2) and hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were recorded. Results and discussion. The breathing regimen with RR = 3 times / min is hyperventilating, accompanied by a statistically significant increase in respiratory minute volume (RMV) and a decrease in PetCO2; hemoglobin saturation indices are not changed. Breathing with a frequency of 1.5 times/min is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in RMV compared to the rest state, as well as an increase in PetCO2 and a decrease in FeO2, that is, it is hypoventilating, although there is a certain heterogeneity within this subgroup depending on the recruited tidal volume. Indicators of hemoglobin saturation with a given breathing mode do not change. The breathing regimen with RR = 1 time / min is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the RMV, an increase in PetCO2 and a decrease in FeO2; the average values of hemoglobin saturation do not change, but the minimum saturation values (observed once during each respiratory cycle) are statistically significantly lower than at the rest state. These results suggest that hypoventilating yoga exercises may have a positive effect on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity. Conclusion. Performing yoga breathing exercises at the respiration rate of 1.5 and 1 times per minute is accompanied by statistically significant hypoventilation, alveolar hypercapnia and hypoxia.

Intraoperative Control of Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation in the Intestinal Wall during Anastomosis Surgery

During surgery for colon cancer, monitoring of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the tissues under study makes it possible to assess the degree of blood supply to the anastomosis areas of the colon. Adequate blood supply in this area is decisive in terms of the consistency of the anastomosis and can significantly reduce the risk leakage of anastomosis. In this work, we propose a new approach to assessing the hemoglobin oxygen saturation based on measuring both the diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectra of the colon wall tissues. The proposed method is based on the use of two fiber-optic tools for irradiation from both sides—the intestinal lumen and the outside of the intestinal wall. The spectra are recorded from the external side. To determine the degree of hemoglobin saturation, two algorithms, both based on the Taylor series expansion of the coefficient of light attenuation by tissues, are proposed. The results of a clinical study of the proposed approach on volunteers were obtained, allowing to draw a conclusion about the applicability of the approach in a clinical setting.

Effect of Red Nail Polish on Pulse Oximetry Reading

Background: Pulse oximetry is a beat-to-beat, non-invasive and virtually risk-free method of assessing continuous arterial hemoglobin saturation. It is now a standard for monitoring care in the operating room and the post-anesthesia care unit. It is also widely used in the critical care setting. Numerous factors including dark skin, pigmentation, henna dye, nail polish etc. could lead to inaccuracy or ambiguous information about oxygen saturation. In many cultures, women decorate their fingernails with different colors of nail polish. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red nail polish on the measurement of oxygen saturation. Materials and Methods: One hundred young women were recruited for this study and red nail polish was used to color the index finger of the non-dominant hand; the middle finger of the same hand was the control. Blood oxygen saturation was simultaneously measured by two calibrated pulse oximeters with two minutes interval for 30 minutes. Results: Red nail polish did not affect pulse oximetry measurement of oxygen saturation. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and the red nail polished fingers. Conclusion: Application of red nail polish does not cause statistically significant error in the measurement of oxygen saturation in young healthy individuals. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 181-183

CHARACTERSTICS OF HEALTHY MEN HEMODYNAMICS IN A HYPOMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

Hemodynamics was studied in essentially healthy resting 8 male subjects exposed to an experimental hypomagnetic environment (HME). The cardio-respiratory system functioning was evaluated by 8-hour continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) fluctuations during every cardiac cycle, Kerdo autonomic index (KAI) and blood oxygenation (SpO2) in the Earth's natural magnetic field and a field attenuated in approximately 1,000 times. Comparative analysis of the measurements made in the control and HME tests elicited different trends. Thus, the HR average reduction amounted to 4 bpm; BP dropped significantly, i.e. diastolic BP by 11 mmHg and systolic BP, 16 mmHg on average. In HME, KAI rose commonly 20 %. Hemoglobin saturation did not change. The paper contains graphic interpretations of the KAI dependence on duration of the HME exposure. Mathematical modeling suggests a physiological interpretation of these results. More often than not sitting at rest in HME reduced substantially the modulating effect of parasympathetic regulation on the cardiovascular system in comparison with the control test in the normal geomagnetic field.

Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys?

Studies raising the issue of the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on boys’ 6-min walk test (6MWT) data are rare. The studies, which did not include control groups of non-fasters, presented contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the 6MWT data (6-min walk distance [6MWD; m, %predicted], heart rate [HR; bpm, % of maximal predicted HR]), oxy-hemoglobin saturation (Oxy-sat; %), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively; mmHg) determined at rest (Rest and at the end End of the test) of a group of 22 healthy fasting boys (age: 12 to 15 years) with an age-matched non-fasting group ( n = 10). The 6MWTs were performed during three experimental conditions (ECs): Pre-Ramadan, Mid-Ramadan, and Post-Ramadan. The two groups’ 6MWT data for each EC were compared, and repeated factorial analysis of variance (2 groups vs. 3 ECs) was performed. Both groups had similar values of 6MWD (m, %predicted), HRRest or HREnd (bpm, % of maximal predicted HR), Oxy-satRest, Oxy-satEnd, SBPRest, and DBPRest during the three ECs. Compared to the non-fasting group, the fasting group had significantly higher SBPEnd (121 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 11) and DBPEnd (72 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 7) determined during the Mid-Ramadan EC. No significant interactive effects of the groups (2) vs. ECs (3) was found for the 6MWD (%predicted; p = .809), HRRest (%, p = .555), HREnd (%, p = .964), Oxy-satRest ( p = .336), Oxy-satEnd ( p = .389), SBPRest ( p = .708), SBPEnd ( p = .548), DBPRest ( p = .277), and DBPEnd ( p = .096). To conclude, in boys, RO does not impact the 6MWD, HR, or Oxy-sat, but it has minimal impact on the SBPEnd and DBPEnd.

Capacitive resistive electric transfer modifies gait pattern in horses exercised on a treadmill

Background Capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET), a radiofrequency at 448 kHz, resulted in increased superficial and deep temperature and hemoglobin saturation, faster elimination of metabolic and inflammatory products and enhanced sport performance in humans. This research aims to investigate whether the application of CRET affects the locomotor pattern in horses and to assess whether an accumulative effect appears when two CRET sessions are applied two consecutive days. Methods Nine horses were subjected to two CRET sessions applied in both right and left sides of neck, shoulder, back and croup. The horses were exercised on a treadmill, at walk and at trot, before CRET application and at 2, 6 and 12 h after. A second CRET session was applied next day, and the animals were evaluated again at the same times (i.e. at 26, 30 and 36 h after the first session). Between 5 and 7 days later, the same horses were subjected to a sham procedure and they were evaluated in the same times as in the CRET experiment. During treadmill exercise, locomotor parameters were measured with a triaxial accelerometer fixed in the pectoral region and in the sacrum midline. Results The sham procedure did not affect any of the accelerometric variables studied. CRET applications resulted in greater total powers, which resulted in absolute increased dorsoventral, mediolateral and longitudinal powers. However, a reduction in dorsoventral power expressed as a percentage of total power was found. Stride regularity increased. The greater total power resulted in longer stride length and because the velocity was kept fixed on the treadmill, stride frequency decreased. An accumulative effect of CRET application was only found in stride length and frequency. Conclusions It appears that CRET is a useful technique to enhance power and to elongate the stride at defined walk and trot velocities. The effect of these changes on performance should be studied for horses competing in different sport disciplines.

Prenatal Intraamniotic Surfactant Administration Improves Lung Function at Birth and the Effects of Conventional Postdelivery Treatment in Animal Model. A Randomized Controled Trial

Introduction: Surfactant diluted in the pulmonary fluid at birth promove airway formation and prevents lung injury, for this reason some investigators have proposed that actual surfactant prophylaxis in high risk preterm deliveries, should be done before the first breath, perhaps in-uteri. Objetive: to evaluate if intraamniotic surfactant plus conventional neonatal instillation improves respiratory outcome outcome compared with only conventional neonatal instillation. Materials and Methods: randomized, controlled and double blinded protocol in a model of very immature born lambs. 125 days pregnant ewes received, with ultrasound guide, an intraamniotic injection of 240 mg of natural bovine surfactant or normal saline solution. After one hour of fetal breathing movement's stimulation with aminophylline the premature lamb’s fetuses were delivered by C-section, and a 3-mm endotracheal tube was placed by tracheotomy. Heart rate, aortic blood pressure, central temperature, respiratory rate and hemoglobin saturation, as well as mechanical ventilator settings, were continuously monitored. Variables under study were: Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Mean Airway Pressure (MAP), Oxygenation Index (OI) and Arterio-Alveolar Ratio (a/A). Conclusion: Prenatal intraamniotic surfactant instillation improves short-term respiratory outcome compared with conventional postpartum treatment in this animal model.