scholarly journals N.m.r. lipid profiles of cells, tissues and body fluids. Neutral, non-acidic and acidic phospholipid analysis of Bond Elut chromatographic fractions

1993 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Choi ◽  
M Casu ◽  
W A Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Ether Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Analysis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Quantitative Separation ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Although the advantages of in vitro n.m.r. analysis of cellular lipids have been documented, this purely n.m.r. approach also has drawbacks. Rapid and quantitative separation of total lipids into neutral lipids, non-esterified fatty acids, non-acidic phospholipids and acidic phospholipids using Bond Elut ion-exchange columns as demonstrated here permitted a more quantitative and complete n.m.r. analysis of glycerides, cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated sphingolipids and ether lipids, as well as of diacylcholine and ethanolamine lipids. Acidic lipids were also analysed. The fatty acid compositions of the intact lipids in each of the four Bond Elut fractions were determined from the n.m.r. spectrum of each fraction.

scholarly journals Influence of diets containing different natural oils on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate in the various lipid fractions of rat liver

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. M. Bhattathiry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Normal Stock

1. A comparative study was undertaken with rats on the effect of various diets (normal stock, fat-free, palm oil and olive oil) on the in vitro incorporation of [14C]acetate by the liver into cholesterol and into the fatty acids of phospholipids and neutral fats. 2. The total lipids extracted from the incubation mixtures were fractionated into acetone-precipitable and digi- tonin-precipitable portions and also into the fatty acids of neutral lipids. 3. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into the acetone-precipitable fraction and into fatty acids of neutral fats was greatest in livers of rats given the fat-free diet, followed by those of the groups given olive oil, the normal stock diet, and palm oil. Livers from the group given the fat-free diet also exhibited the highest percentage of 14C activity in the digitonin-precipitable fraction and were closely followed by the group on the normal stock diet. Compared with those of the other two groups, the livers of the groups given olive oil and palm oil showed much less activity in the digitonin- precipitable fraction. 4. The greater the amount of a specific type of fatty acid in the diet, the less was the 14C activity incorporated into that type of fattyacid in the ncutral fats of liver slices, hut this was not so with the fatty acids obtained froin the acetone-precipitahlc fraction of the lipids.

scholarly journals The effect of methyl-lidocaine on the biosynthesis of phospholipids de novo in the isolated hamster heart

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Tardi ◽  
R Y K Man ◽  
P C Choy
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Phosphatidate Phosphatase ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Intracellular Pool ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids ◽  
Hamster Heart ◽  
Pool Sizes

Methyl-lidocaine is an amphiphilic agent which has been used as an experimental anti-arrhythmic drug. When hamster hearts were perfused with labelled glycerol, the presence of methyl-lidocaine in the perfusate was found to enhance the labelling in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. However, the labelling of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was not significantly changed by methyl-lidocaine treatment. Assays in vitro for the enzymes involved in the synthesis of neutral lipids and acidic phospholipids revealed that phosphatidate phosphatase and CTP: phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activities were stimulated by methyl-lidocaine. The intracellular pool sizes of diacylglycerol and CDP-diacylglycerol were also elevated. We postulate that the enhanced syntheses of the neutral lipids and acidic phospholipids in the methyl-lidocaine-perfused heart were mediated via the direct activation of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of these lipids de novo.

scholarly journals The absorption of long-chain fatty acids from the small intestine of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. Lennox ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Different Parts

1. Three sheep, each of which was fitted with a rumen cannula and with two pairs of reentrant cannulas in different parts of the small intestine, were used in this study. They were fed on dried grass cubes or hay plus linseed meal and oats: an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was infused continuously into the rumen.2. Total lipids were extracted from samples of the chyme entering and leaving the different lengths of the small intestine embraced by the respective cannulas. The lipids were fractionated into unesterified fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids and the contribution of each fraction to the total fatty acids was determined. The samples were also analysed for their PEG content, thus affording an index of the extent to which water had been absorbed from each particular length of intestine.3. From the above findings and a knowledge of the flow-rate of the digesta, the uptake of unesterified fatty acids and the degree of dissimilation or uptake, or of both, of esterified fatty acids was calculated.4. The results indicated that, by the time the digesta reached the ileum (i.e. the distal half of the small intestine), the uptake of fatty acids was almost complete, as was also the hydrolytic release of esterified fatty acids.5. Though there were no gross differences in the overall composition of the unesterified and esterified fatty acids in different parts of the small intestine, it appeared that C18 mono-unsaturated acid, the principal unsaturated unesterified acid, was absorbed somewhat more efficiently than were the major saturated acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid).

scholarly journals Μελέτη και ταυτοποίηση δομής των πολικών λιποειδών των ψαριών με καρδιοπροστατευτικές ιδιότητες

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Σιορίκη
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Olive Pomace

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας είναι διττός και αφορά αρχικά τη διερεύνηση της ύπαρξης και της δομής βιολογικώς δραστικών πολικών λιποειδών σε ένα στερεό απόβλητο της ελαιουργίας, τον ελαιοπυρήνα (olive pomace, OP) και στη συνέχεια τη μελέτη των πιθανών αντιαθηρογόνων δράσεων ενός λειτουργικού τροφίμου και συγκεκριμένα μιας τσιπούρας (Sparus aurata) που έχει εκτραφεί με ιχθυοτροφή, η οποία έχει εμπλουτισθεί με ελαιοπυρήνα κατά 8%. Μελετήθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν δείγματα ελαιοπυρήνα, εμπλουτισμένης και συμβατικής ιχθυοτροφής, εμπλουτισμένης και συμβατικής τσιπούρας αντίστοιχα, με σκοπό να διασαφηνιστούν τα συστατικά που έχουν μεταφερθεί από τον ελαιοπυρήνα στην εμπλουτισμένη ιχθυοτροφή και περαιτέρω στηνεμπλουτισμένη τσιπούρα, προσφέροντάς της αντιαθηρογόνο δράση έναντι της συμβατικής. Αρχικά εκχυλίστηκαν τα ολικά λιποειδή (Total Lipids, TL) όλων των δειγμάτων μέσω της εκχύλισης Bligh-Dyer και με κατανομή κατ’ αντιρροή διαχωρίστηκαν τα ολικά λιποειδή σε πολικά (Total Polar Lipids, TPL) και ουδέτερα (Total Neutral Lipids,TNL). Προσδιορίστηκε και συγκρίθηκε η σύσταση των λιπαρών οξέων των TPL των δειγμάτων με αεριοχρωματογραφία (GC-FID). Έπειτα μελετήθηκε η in vitro ικανότητά τους να προκαλούν τη συσσώρευση πλυμένων αιμοπεταλίων κουνελιού ή νααναστέλλουν την επαγόμενη από τον Παράγοντα Ενεργοποίησης Αιμοπεταλίων (PAF) συσσώρευση. Κατόπιν, προσδιορίστηκε η σύσταση των λιπαρών οξέων των φωσφολιποειδών με αεριοχρωματογραφία-φασματομετρία μάζας (GC-MS) και ταυτοποιήθηκαν οι δομές των φωσφολιποειδών με διαδοχική φασματομετρία μάζας (ESIMS/MS). Εντοπίστηκαν υψηλά επίπεδα παλμιτικού (16:0), ελαϊκού (18:1, cis ω-9), λινελαϊκού (18:2, ω-6) και εικοσιδυπεντανοϊκού (DPA 22:5 ω-3) οξέος τόσο στην εμπλουτισμένη όσο και στη συμβατική ιχθυοτροφή και τα ίδια αποτελέσματα αντικατοπτρίστηκαν και στους ιστούς των ψαριών που εκτράφηκαν με τις αντίστοιχεςιχθυοτροφές, εκτός από το εικοσιδυπεντανοϊκό (DPA 22:5 ω-3) οξύ που εμφάνισε μείωση στη συμβατική τσιπούρα. Σε όλα τα δείγματα ανιχνεύτηκαν διάφορα μοριακά είδη γλυκεροφωσφολιποειδών από τα οποία δύο μοριακά είδη φωσφατιδυλοαιθανολαμίνης, η PE 18:0/18:0 και η PE 18:2/20:4 ταυτοποιήθηκαν στον ελαιοπυρήνα, στην εμπλουτισμένη ιχθυοτροφή και στην εμπλουτισμένη τσιπούρα αλλά όχι στη συμβατική ιχθυοτροφή. Αυτό το αποτέλεσμα είναι μια ισχυρή ένδειξη ότι αυτά τα φωσφολιποειδή είναι ενώσεις που έχουν την ικανότητα να είναι in vitro αναστολείς του PAF, δηλαδή να αναστέλλουν ή και να υποστρέφουν το σχηματισμό αθηρωματικών πλακών στις αρτηρίες του αίματος.

Evaluation of lipid changes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa during in-vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant ◽  
S. K. Atreja ◽  
S. S. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
One Step

In this study, buffalo spermatozoa were in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted using modified Tyrode’s bicarbonate-buffered medium (sp-TALP media). Lipids were extracted from freshly ejaculated, in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted buffalo spermatozoa. The total lipid content of freshly ejaculated spermatozoa (171.5±2.90 μg/108 cells), capacitated spermatozoa (128.2±3.29 μg/108 cells) and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (115.7±2.04 μg/108 cells) were found significantly (P<0.05) different. During the process of capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) there was substantial loss of total lipids. The total Lipid content of freshly ejaculated, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were fractionated into three major classes namely, Phospholipids, Neutral lipids and Glycolipids. Among the classes of lipids; there was no change in concentration of glycolipids. Phospholipids in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were 84.27±1.96, 58.40±2.40 and 50.51±1.27 μg/108 cells respectively. In case of Neutral lipids, the concentration were 33.63±2.62, 22.55±1.86 and 11.61±0.87 μg/108 cells in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa respectively. The results generated by this study will be one step further to understand the lipid changes in buffalo spermatozoa during capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization process.

scholarly journals Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Compositions of Dried Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Md Anisuzzaman ◽  
Feng Jin ◽  
Kamrunnahar Kabery ◽  
U-Cheol Jeong ◽  
Hyun-Chol Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Introduction: Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is becoming popular around the world due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. There are still no detailed chemical studies of the lipid class, glycolipids compositions of sea cucumber. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the lipid class and glycolipid compositions of dried sea cucumber, A. japonicus, and analyze fatty acid compositions of Monogalactosyl Diglycerides (MGDG), Steryl Glycosides (SG) and Sulfoquinovosyl Diglycerides (SQDG). Total lipids of sea cucumber were extracted by Bligh and Dyer method and Sep-Pak Silica plus long cartridge, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) silica gel G-60 F254 was used for the separation of different lipid classes and glycolipid compositions. The composition of fatty acids was analyzed by GC. Results & Conclusion: The level of total lipids in the dried sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, was 4 ± 1% of dry weight (w/w) and the amount of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was 31 ± 1%, 29 ± 1% and 40 ± 1% of the total lipids (w/w), respectively. MGDG, SG and SQDG were the major glycolipids, and the contents were 37.5 ± 0.3%, 33.8 ± 0.5% and 23.6 ± 0.7% of the total glycolipids (w/w), respectively and significantly higher than other glycolipids (p < 0.05). SQDG contained much higher Arachidonic Acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and MGDG contained higher Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) compared with SG (p < 0.05). Further investigation is required to understand the positional distribution of fatty acids and molecular species in MGDG, SG and SQDG in detail.

scholarly journals DnaA, the Initiator of Escherichia coliChromosomal Replication, Is Located at the Cell Membrane

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (9) ◽  
pp. 2604-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Newman ◽  
Elliott Crooke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dnaa Protein ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

ABSTRACT Given the lack of a nucleus in prokaryotic cells, the significance of spatial organization in bacterial chromosome replication is only beginning to be fully appreciated. DnaA protein, the initiator of chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli, is purified as a soluble protein, and in vitro it efficiently initiates replication of minichromosomes in membrane-free DNA synthesis reactions. However, its conversion from a replicatively inactive to an active form in vitro occurs through its association with acidic phospholipids in a lipid bilayer. To determine whether the in situ residence of DnaA protein is cytoplasmic, membrane associated, or both, we examined the cellular location of DnaA using immunogold cryothin-section electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Both of these methods revealed that DnaA is localized at the cell membrane, further suggesting that initiation of chromosomal replication in E. coli is a membrane-affiliated event.

scholarly journals Ferroptotic cell death triggered by conjugated linolenic acids is mediated by ACSL1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Beatty ◽  
Tanu Singh ◽  
Yulia Y. Tyurina ◽  
Vladimir A. Tyurin ◽  
Svetlana Samovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Conjugated Linolenic Acids ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

AbstractFerroptosis is associated with lipid hydroperoxides generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated acyl chains. Lipid hydroperoxides are reduced by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and GPX4 inhibitors induce ferroptosis. However, the therapeutic potential of triggering ferroptosis in cancer cells with polyunsaturated fatty acids is unknown. Here, we identify conjugated linoleates including α-eleostearic acid (αESA) as ferroptosis inducers. αESA does not alter GPX4 activity but is incorporated into cellular lipids and promotes lipid peroxidation and cell death in diverse cancer cell types. αESA-triggered death is mediated by acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain isoform 1, which promotes αESA incorporation into neutral lipids including triacylglycerols. Interfering with triacylglycerol biosynthesis suppresses ferroptosis triggered by αESA but not by GPX4 inhibition. Oral administration of tung oil, naturally rich in αESA, to mice limits tumor growth and metastasis with transcriptional changes consistent with ferroptosis. Overall, these findings illuminate a potential approach to ferroptosis, complementary to GPX4 inhibition.

Inhibition of binding of gonadal steroids to serum binding proteins by non-esterified fatty acids: the influence of chain length and degree of unsaturation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Street ◽  
R. J. S. Howell ◽  
L. Perry ◽  
S. Al-Othman ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitro Binding

Abstract. The effect of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the in vitro binding of testosterone, 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol E2 to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was examined using pooled normal female serum, and SHBG and albumin fractions obtained from the partial purification of late pregnancy serum. A range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were examined for their effect on steroid-protein binding. In normal female serum, NEFA added at physiological concentrations disrupted steroid-protein binding. The shorter chain (C8–C12) saturated acids and the poly-unsaturated acids proved to be more effective inhibitors than the longer chain saturated or mono-unsaturated acids. The greatest inhibition was obtained with E2 whereas the binding of dihydrotestosterone was least affected. With partially purified SHBG, the same concentrations of NEFA were less effective at inhibiting the binding of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone but elicited the same effect with E2. The binding of steroids to albumin appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of NEFA.

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