scholarly journals Μελέτη και ταυτοποίηση δομής των πολικών λιποειδών των ψαριών με καρδιοπροστατευτικές ιδιότητες

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Σιορίκη
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Olive Pomace

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας είναι διττός και αφορά αρχικά τη διερεύνηση της ύπαρξης και της δομής βιολογικώς δραστικών πολικών λιποειδών σε ένα στερεό απόβλητο της ελαιουργίας, τον ελαιοπυρήνα (olive pomace, OP) και στη συνέχεια τη μελέτη των πιθανών αντιαθηρογόνων δράσεων ενός λειτουργικού τροφίμου και συγκεκριμένα μιας τσιπούρας (Sparus aurata) που έχει εκτραφεί με ιχθυοτροφή, η οποία έχει εμπλουτισθεί με ελαιοπυρήνα κατά 8%. Μελετήθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν δείγματα ελαιοπυρήνα, εμπλουτισμένης και συμβατικής ιχθυοτροφής, εμπλουτισμένης και συμβατικής τσιπούρας αντίστοιχα, με σκοπό να διασαφηνιστούν τα συστατικά που έχουν μεταφερθεί από τον ελαιοπυρήνα στην εμπλουτισμένη ιχθυοτροφή και περαιτέρω στηνεμπλουτισμένη τσιπούρα, προσφέροντάς της αντιαθηρογόνο δράση έναντι της συμβατικής. Αρχικά εκχυλίστηκαν τα ολικά λιποειδή (Total Lipids, TL) όλων των δειγμάτων μέσω της εκχύλισης Bligh-Dyer και με κατανομή κατ’ αντιρροή διαχωρίστηκαν τα ολικά λιποειδή σε πολικά (Total Polar Lipids, TPL) και ουδέτερα (Total Neutral Lipids,TNL). Προσδιορίστηκε και συγκρίθηκε η σύσταση των λιπαρών οξέων των TPL των δειγμάτων με αεριοχρωματογραφία (GC-FID). Έπειτα μελετήθηκε η in vitro ικανότητά τους να προκαλούν τη συσσώρευση πλυμένων αιμοπεταλίων κουνελιού ή νααναστέλλουν την επαγόμενη από τον Παράγοντα Ενεργοποίησης Αιμοπεταλίων (PAF) συσσώρευση. Κατόπιν, προσδιορίστηκε η σύσταση των λιπαρών οξέων των φωσφολιποειδών με αεριοχρωματογραφία-φασματομετρία μάζας (GC-MS) και ταυτοποιήθηκαν οι δομές των φωσφολιποειδών με διαδοχική φασματομετρία μάζας (ESIMS/MS). Εντοπίστηκαν υψηλά επίπεδα παλμιτικού (16:0), ελαϊκού (18:1, cis ω-9), λινελαϊκού (18:2, ω-6) και εικοσιδυπεντανοϊκού (DPA 22:5 ω-3) οξέος τόσο στην εμπλουτισμένη όσο και στη συμβατική ιχθυοτροφή και τα ίδια αποτελέσματα αντικατοπτρίστηκαν και στους ιστούς των ψαριών που εκτράφηκαν με τις αντίστοιχεςιχθυοτροφές, εκτός από το εικοσιδυπεντανοϊκό (DPA 22:5 ω-3) οξύ που εμφάνισε μείωση στη συμβατική τσιπούρα. Σε όλα τα δείγματα ανιχνεύτηκαν διάφορα μοριακά είδη γλυκεροφωσφολιποειδών από τα οποία δύο μοριακά είδη φωσφατιδυλοαιθανολαμίνης, η PE 18:0/18:0 και η PE 18:2/20:4 ταυτοποιήθηκαν στον ελαιοπυρήνα, στην εμπλουτισμένη ιχθυοτροφή και στην εμπλουτισμένη τσιπούρα αλλά όχι στη συμβατική ιχθυοτροφή. Αυτό το αποτέλεσμα είναι μια ισχυρή ένδειξη ότι αυτά τα φωσφολιποειδή είναι ενώσεις που έχουν την ικανότητα να είναι in vitro αναστολείς του PAF, δηλαδή να αναστέλλουν ή και να υποστρέφουν το σχηματισμό αθηρωματικών πλακών στις αρτηρίες του αίματος.

scholarly journals Influence of diets containing different natural oils on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate in the various lipid fractions of rat liver

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. M. Bhattathiry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Normal Stock

1. A comparative study was undertaken with rats on the effect of various diets (normal stock, fat-free, palm oil and olive oil) on the in vitro incorporation of [14C]acetate by the liver into cholesterol and into the fatty acids of phospholipids and neutral fats. 2. The total lipids extracted from the incubation mixtures were fractionated into acetone-precipitable and digi- tonin-precipitable portions and also into the fatty acids of neutral lipids. 3. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into the acetone-precipitable fraction and into fatty acids of neutral fats was greatest in livers of rats given the fat-free diet, followed by those of the groups given olive oil, the normal stock diet, and palm oil. Livers from the group given the fat-free diet also exhibited the highest percentage of 14C activity in the digitonin-precipitable fraction and were closely followed by the group on the normal stock diet. Compared with those of the other two groups, the livers of the groups given olive oil and palm oil showed much less activity in the digitonin- precipitable fraction. 4. The greater the amount of a specific type of fatty acid in the diet, the less was the 14C activity incorporated into that type of fattyacid in the ncutral fats of liver slices, hut this was not so with the fatty acids obtained froin the acetone-precipitahlc fraction of the lipids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in Vitro Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Lipid Fractions of Olive Pomace, Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Fed with Olive Pomace Enriched Fish Feed

Marine Drugs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3676-3688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantina Nasopoulou ◽  
Vassiliki Gogaki ◽  
Giorgos Stamatakis ◽  
Leonidas Papaharisis ◽  
Constantinos Demopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Lipid Fractions

scholarly journals Towards a deeper understanding of fatty acid bioaccessibility and its dependence on culinary treatment and lipid class: a case study of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1816-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Costa ◽  
Cláudia Afonso ◽  
Carlos Cardoso ◽  
Rui Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Class A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe bioaccessibility of total lipids and fatty acids (FA) in raw and grilled gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was determined using an in vitro digestion model. The particular impact of grilling on the FA profile of seabream was also studied. In addition, the influence of lipid class on the bioaccessibility of each FA was analysed. Grilling did not change the relative FA profile, and only the absolute values were altered. However, the relative FA profile varied across lipid classes, being more dissimilar between TAG and phospholipids. Long-chain SFA and PUFA seemed to be less bioaccessible. Moreover, grilling reduced bioaccessibility of protein, fat and many FA, with the highest reductions found in PUFA such as the DHA. Strong evidence supporting a predominantly regioselective action of lipase during in vitro digestion was found, and the impact of this phenomenon on FA bioaccessibility was assessed.

Evaluation of lipid changes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa during in-vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant ◽  
S. K. Atreja ◽  
S. S. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
One Step

In this study, buffalo spermatozoa were in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted using modified Tyrode’s bicarbonate-buffered medium (sp-TALP media). Lipids were extracted from freshly ejaculated, in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted buffalo spermatozoa. The total lipid content of freshly ejaculated spermatozoa (171.5±2.90 μg/108 cells), capacitated spermatozoa (128.2±3.29 μg/108 cells) and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (115.7±2.04 μg/108 cells) were found significantly (P<0.05) different. During the process of capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) there was substantial loss of total lipids. The total Lipid content of freshly ejaculated, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were fractionated into three major classes namely, Phospholipids, Neutral lipids and Glycolipids. Among the classes of lipids; there was no change in concentration of glycolipids. Phospholipids in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were 84.27±1.96, 58.40±2.40 and 50.51±1.27 μg/108 cells respectively. In case of Neutral lipids, the concentration were 33.63±2.62, 22.55±1.86 and 11.61±0.87 μg/108 cells in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa respectively. The results generated by this study will be one step further to understand the lipid changes in buffalo spermatozoa during capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization process.

Liposomal Formulations from Phospholipids of Greek Almond Oil. Properties and Biological Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Malisiova ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Kostas Dimas ◽  
Dimitrios Kletstas ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Lipids

The seeds of the almond tree [(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb. (syn. Prunus amygdalus)] were collected in two different periods of maturity and were studied for their lipid content. The total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and were analyzed by HPTLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (HPTLC/FID) and GC-MS. The oils were found to be rich in neutral lipids (89.9% and 96.3% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (10.1% and 3.7% of total lipids) for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of phospholipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid for both oils was 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid). The unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 89.4% and 89.7%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 10.6% and 10.3% for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. Liposomes were prepared from the isolated phospholipids using the thin lipid film methodology, and their physical properties were characterized. Cytotoxicity was found absent when assayed against normal and cancerous cell lines. These new formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetically active ingredients.

scholarly journals N.m.r. lipid profiles of cells, tissues and body fluids. Neutral, non-acidic and acidic phospholipid analysis of Bond Elut chromatographic fractions

1993 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Choi ◽  
M Casu ◽  
W A Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Ether Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Analysis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Quantitative Separation ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Although the advantages of in vitro n.m.r. analysis of cellular lipids have been documented, this purely n.m.r. approach also has drawbacks. Rapid and quantitative separation of total lipids into neutral lipids, non-esterified fatty acids, non-acidic phospholipids and acidic phospholipids using Bond Elut ion-exchange columns as demonstrated here permitted a more quantitative and complete n.m.r. analysis of glycerides, cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated sphingolipids and ether lipids, as well as of diacylcholine and ethanolamine lipids. Acidic lipids were also analysed. The fatty acid compositions of the intact lipids in each of the four Bond Elut fractions were determined from the n.m.r. spectrum of each fraction.

Lipid Analysis of Greek Walnut Oil (Juglans regia L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsamouris ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Walnut Oil

The walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and they were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) /FID and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (96.9% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (3.1% of total lipids). The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of sphingolipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 85%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 15%. Two types of liposomes were prepared from the isolated walnut oil phospholipids and characterized as new formulations. These formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetic active ingredients.

scholarly journals Functionalized Nanoplastics (NPs) Increase the Toxicity of Metals in Fish Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7141
Author(s):  
Carmen González-Fernández ◽  
Francisco Guillermo Díaz Baños ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban ◽  
Alberto Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Fish Cell Lines ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Marine Life

Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most abundant environment-threatening nanomaterials on the market. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro if functionalized NPs are cytotoxic by themselves or increase the toxicity of metals. For that, we used 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with distinct surface functionalization (pristine, PS-Plain; carboxylic, PS-COOH; and amino PS-NH2) alone or combined with the metals arsenic (As) and methylmercury (MeHg), which possess an environmental risk to marine life. As test model, we chose a brain-derived cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), one of the most commercial fish species in the Mediterranean. First, only the PS-NH2 NPs were toxic to SaB-1 cells. NPs seem to be internalized into the cells but they showed little alteration in the transcription of genes related to oxidative stress (nrf2, cat, gr, gsta), cellular protection against metals (mta) or apoptosis (bcl2, bax). However, NPs, mainly PS-COOH and PS-NH2, significantly increased the toxicity of both metals. Since the coexistence of NPs and other pollutants in the aquatic environment is inevitable, our results reveal that the combined effect of NPs with the rest of pollutants deserves more attention.

Growth hormone as an in vitro phagocyte-activating factor in the gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata )

1997 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner ◽  
Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽  
Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero ◽  
Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream
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