Fluorescence monitoring for cross-connection detection in water reuse systems: Australian case studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hambly ◽  
R. K. Henderson ◽  
A. Baker ◽  
R. M. Stuetz ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Dual Distribution ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Australian Case

A rapid, highly sensitive method for detection of cross-connections between recycled and potable water in dual reticulation systems is required. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy as a monitoring tool at three Australian dual distribution (drinking and recycled water) systems. Weekly grab samples of recycled and potable water were obtained over 12 weeks at each site and analysed for fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, UV254, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), electrical conductivity and pH. Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy was able to differentiate between recycled and potable water at each site by monitoring the protein-like fluorescence at peak T—an excitation-emission wavelength pair of λex/em = 300/350 nm. While electrical conductivity was also able to distinguish between recycled and potable water, the differentiation was greatest when using fluorescence. For example, the peak T fluorescence in recycled water was up to 10 times that of potable water in comparison with electrical conductivity that had a maximum 5 times differentiation. Furthermore, by comparing the protein-like fluorescence at peak T and humic-like fluorescence at peak A (λex/em = 235/426 nm), the three different recycled water systems were able to be differentiated. Overall, fluorescence shows promise as a monitoring tool for detecting cross-connections.

Probabilistic analysis of fluorescence signals for monitoring dual reticulation water recycling schemes

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2059-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hambly ◽  
R. K. Henderson ◽  
A. Baker ◽  
R. M. Stuetz ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Function Fitting ◽  
Wavelength Pair ◽  
Reliable Differentiation

Improved techniques are required for the detection of inadvertent cross-connections between recycled water and potable water systems in dual reticulation schemes. The aim of this research was to assess the potential for fluorescence spectroscopy to be developed as a tool to distinguish recycled water from potable water. Weekly grab samples of recycled and potable water were obtained over 12 weeks from within an Australian dual reticulation site and analysed for fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. Probabilistic techniques including distribution function fitting and Monte Carlo simulation were used to assess the ability to distinguish between recycled water and potable water sample pairs and the reliability of doing so. Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy was determined to be the most effective for the reliable differentiation by monitoring the protein-like fluorescence at peak T1—an excitation-emission wavelength pair of λex/em=300/350 nm. While EC could distinguish between recycled and potable water, it was shown to be less sensitive and less reliable than peak T1 fluorescence.

Changing of the water recycling paradigm in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
M. H. Muston
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
International Context ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Many

The development of water recycling schemes in Australia has, in recent years, undergone a maturity characterised by some emerging trends in the paradigm of water reuse and its integration into the overall water supply strategies for large urban and peri-urban areas. This paper looks at case studies within the context of these observed trends and discusses the institutional frameworks as well as some technical aspects of the case studies to illustrate the trends. Comparison is made with some selected international examples to develop a better understanding of these recent Australian developments within the international context. While not a complete inventory of the many recent recycling schemes in Australia, the paper examines these emerging trends within the context of the growing number of larger-scale industrial, agricultural and dual reticulation urban recycled water systems in Australia and the trend to decentralised recycling schemes.

scholarly journals A GHG Metric Methodology to Assess Onsite Buildings Non-Potable Water System for Outdoor Landscape Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Seguela ◽  
John R. Littlewood ◽  
George Karani
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water System ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Impact

This paper documents a water:energy greenhouse gas (GHG) metric methodology for a decentralized non-potable water system that was developed as part of a Professional Doctorate in Engineering (DEng) research project by the first author. The project identified the need to investigate the challenges in changing the use of potable water to recycled water for landscape irrigation (LI) and for water features (WFs) at a medical facility case study (MFCS) in Abu Dhabi (AD) (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The drivers for the research project were based on the need for AD to decrease desalinated potable water as well as reduce the environmental impact and operational costs associated with the processing and use of desalinated water. Thus, the aim of the research discussed and presented in this paper was to measure the impact of using recycled and onsite non-potable water sources at the MFCS to alleviate the use of desalinated potable water and reduce associated energy consumption, operational costs, and GHG emissions (latterly in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), for LI and WFs. The analysis of three case scenarios at the MFCS compared different approaches to alleviate energy use, costs, and GHG impacts for the use of recycled water in LI and WFs against a baseline. The findings led to a proposed sustainable water conservation and reuse (SWC) strategy, which helped save 50% desalinated potable water for LI use by soil improvement, building water system audits, and alternate non-potable water reuse. The recommendations for this paper are to develop a SWC strategy forming the basis for a water protocol by the competent authority for regional medical facilities including an assessment methodology for building decentralized non-potable water systems to measure their energy, GHG emissions and financial impact.

Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: A review

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Henderson ◽  
A. Baker ◽  
K.R. Murphy ◽  
A. Hambly ◽  
R.M. Stuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Potential Monitoring

Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Potential Monitoring Tool for Recycled Water Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2750-2750
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Potential Monitoring

Removed due to plagiarism. The original paper was published: Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: A review, R.K. Henderson, A. Baker, K.R. Murphy, A. Hambly, R.M. Stuetz, S.J. Khan, Water Research 43 (2009)863-881. journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/watres doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.027

Evaluation of Economic Viability and Benefits of Urban Water Reuse and its Contribution to Sustainable Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Phillippe Rougé ◽  
Vincent Sturny ◽  
Jean-Pierre Arcangeli
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Basic Human Needs

The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the results of full-scale operation of five water reuse schemes using membranes for the production of high-quality recycled water for golf courses, landscape irrigation and other urban uses. The most important benefit is that it frees an equivalent volume of potable water for basic human needs. Reliability of supply of recycled water in times of drought, when potable water may be withheld from use for landscape irrigation, becomes a particularly important benefit to those for whom maintenance of an attractive landscape at all times is critical and when strong restrictions on water consumption are applied. In this context, membrane tertiary treatment appears as economically viable solution with addition al benefit of increasing the trust of end-users in health safety of recycled water.

Online monitoring of bromate in treated wastewater: Implications for potable water reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Haruka Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water

Continuous monitoring of bromate ions, a disinfection by-product of the ozonation of wastewater, may improve the safety of recycled water for potable use. A recently developed elemental analyzer can determine...

Advanced treatment for potable water reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 581-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Khan ◽  
Troy Walker ◽  
Benjamin D Stanford ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Advanced Treatment
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