scholarly journals Light-fueled dynamic covalent crosslinking of single polymer chains in non-equilibrium states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kodura ◽  
Hannes A. Houck ◽  
Fabian R. Bloesser ◽  
Anja S. Goldmann ◽  
Filip E. Du Prez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Covalent Crosslinking ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Synthetic polymers consume green light as fuel for intramolecular crosslinking, yielding non-equilibrium single chain nanoparticles that can be light-stabilised, kinetically and chemically trapped, or else unfold in the absence of light fuel.

scholarly journals Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Agustín Blazquez-Martín ◽  
Ester Verde-Sesto ◽  
Angel J. Moreno ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Juan Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Individual Polymer

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.

scholarly journals Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Blazquez-Martín ◽  
Ester Verde-Sesto ◽  
Angel J. Moreno ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Juan Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Individual Polymer

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.

Chemiluminescent self-reported unfolding of single-chain nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian R. Bloesser ◽  
Sarah L. Walden ◽  
Ishrath M. Irshadeen ◽  
Lewis C. Chambers ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Linear Polymer ◽  
Single Chain

We demonstrate the light-induced, crosslinker mediated collapse of linear polymer chains into single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) capable of self-reporting their unfolding.

scholarly journals Reversible and Irreversible Potentials and an Inaccuracy in Popular Models in the Fuel Cell Literature

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Cell Modeling ◽  
Output Load ◽  
Fuel Cell Modeling ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Modeling is an integral part of fuel cell design and development. This paper identifies a long-standing inaccuracy in the fuel cell modeling literature. Specifically, it discusses an inexact insertion, in popular models, of cell/stack current into Nernst’s equation in the derivation of output (load) voltage. The origin of the inaccuracy is traced to the nature of reversible and irreversible potentials (equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) in the cell. The significance of the inaccuracy is explained in the context of the electrochemistry and thermodynamics of the fuel cell.

scholarly journals Field Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation in a Non Kramers Tb(III) Based Single Chain Magnet

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Kharwar ◽  
Arpan Mondal ◽  
Sanjit Konar
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Ac Susceptibility ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Ferromagnetic Interaction ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid

Herein, we report a novel Tb(III) single chain magnet with the chemical formulae [Tb(μ-OH2)(phen)(μ-OH)(nb)2]n by using 4-nitrobenzoic acid (Hnb) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as ligand system. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that 4-nitrobenzoic acid acts as a monodentate ligand, water and hydroxyl ions are the bridging ligand and the phen serves as a bidentate chelating ligand. The static magnetic susceptibility measurement (from 2 K to 300 K) shows ferromagnetic interaction at very low temperature (below 6 K). The alternating current (AC) susceptibility data of the complex show temperature and frequency dependence under an applied 2000 Oe DC (direct current) field. The phen moiety behaves as an antenna and enables the complex to show the green light fluorescence emission by absorption-energy transfer-emission mechanism. To calculate the exchange interaction, broken symmetry density functional theory (BS-DFT) calculations have been performed on a model compound which also reveals weak ferromagnetic interaction. Ab initio calculations reveals the anisotropic nature (gz = 15.8, gy, gy = 0) of the metal centre and the quasi doublet nature of ground state with small energy gap and that is well separated from the next excited energy state.

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