scholarly journals On the non-equilibrium states of the crystal lattice

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Dudnikova
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Reversible and Irreversible Potentials and an Inaccuracy in Popular Models in the Fuel Cell Literature

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Cell Modeling ◽  
Output Load ◽  
Fuel Cell Modeling ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Modeling is an integral part of fuel cell design and development. This paper identifies a long-standing inaccuracy in the fuel cell modeling literature. Specifically, it discusses an inexact insertion, in popular models, of cell/stack current into Nernst’s equation in the derivation of output (load) voltage. The origin of the inaccuracy is traced to the nature of reversible and irreversible potentials (equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) in the cell. The significance of the inaccuracy is explained in the context of the electrochemistry and thermodynamics of the fuel cell.

scholarly journals Duality and hidden equilibrium in transport models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouven Frassek ◽  
Cristian Giardina ◽  
Jorge Kurchan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A large family of diffusive models of transport that have been considered in the past years admit a transformation into the same model in contact with an equilibrium bath. This mapping holds at the full dynamical level, and is independent of dimension or topology. It provides a good opportunity to discuss questions of time reversal in out of equilibrium contexts. In particular, thanks to the mapping one may define the free energy in the non-equilibrium states very naturally as the (usual) free energy of the mapped system.

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM STATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Davanger ◽  
Öivin Holter
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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