Sub-nanometer expansions of redox responsive polymer films monitored by imaging ellipsometry

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 12089-12095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Cumurcu ◽  
Xueling Feng ◽  
Lionel Dos Ramos ◽  
Mark A. Hempenius ◽  
Peter Schön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Imaging Ellipsometry ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Responsive Polymer

We describe a novel approach to quantitatively visualize sub nm height changes occurring in thin films of redox active polymers upon reversible electrochemical oxidation/reduction in situ and in real-time with electrochemical imaging ellipsometry (EC-IE).

Kinetics of Ion-Exchange Reactions in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Studied by In Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 6750-6754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Greco ◽  
Alexander Hinderhofer ◽  
M. Ibrahim Dar ◽  
Neha Arora ◽  
Jan Hagenlocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Ion Exchange

In-Situ Tem Study of Copper-Tin Intermetallic Formation

1993 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Wu ◽  
Elizabeth G. Jacobs ◽  
Cyrus Pouraghabagher ◽  
Russell F. Pinizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Intermetallic Formation ◽  
Intermetallic Growth

AbstractThe formation and growth of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn at the interface of Sn-Pb solder/copper substrate are factors which affect the solderability and reliability of electronic solder joints. The addition of particles such as Ni to eutectic Sn-Pb solder drastically affects the activation energies of formation for both intermetallics. This study was performed to understand the mechanisms of intermetallic formation and the effects of Ni on intermetallic growth. Cu/Sn and Cu/Sn/Ni thin films were deposited by evaporation and observed in the TEM in real time using a hot stage. The diffusion of Sn through Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn followed by reaction with Cu must occur for intermetallic formation and growth to take place. Ni is an effective diffusion barrier which prevents Sn from diffusing into Cu.

Dynamics of the nanocrystal structure and composition in growth solutions monitored by in situ lab-scale X-ray diffraction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Fridman ◽  
Michael Volokh ◽  
Taleb Mokari
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanocrystal Growth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Phase Size ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Real Time Observation

Nanocrystal growth dynamics are investigated by a novel approach: real-time observation of nanocrystals in growth solutions using lab-scale in situ X-ray diffraction. The method reveals the evolution of crystal phase, size, shape, and composition.

scholarly journals Quantitative In-Situ Nanoindentation of Thin Films in a Transmission Electron Microscope

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
A.M. Minorl ◽  
E.A. Stach ◽  
J.W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Indenter ◽  
Force Calibration

A unique in situ nanoindentation stage has been built and developed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy in Berkeley, CA. By using piezoceramic actuators to finely position a 3-sided, boron-doped diamond indenter, we are able to image in real time the nanoindentation induced deformation of thin films. Recent work has included the force-calibration of the indenter, using silicon cantilevers to establish a relationship between the voltage applied to the piezoactuators, the displacement of the diamond tip, and the force generated.In this work, we present real time, in situ TEM observations of the plastic deformation of Al thin films grown on top of lithographically-prepared silicon substrates. The in situ nanoindentations require a unique sample geometry (see Figure 1) in which the indenter approaches the specimen normal to the electron beam. in order to meet this requirement, special wedge-shaped silicon samples were designed and microfabricated so that the tip of the wedge is sharp enough to be electron transparent.

Direct quantitative imaging of the writing stage in a photosensitive azopolymer by digital holography

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (39) ◽  
pp. 7809-7813 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pagliarulo ◽  
A. Calabuig ◽  
S. Grilli ◽  
P. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Digital Holography ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Surface Relief Grating

In this paper, we demonstrated that the gradual formation of a surface relief grating (SRG) in azopolymer thin films under continuous light exposure could be directly observed in situ and in real-time, allowing full-field characterization.

Real-Time Thermo-Mechanical and Adhesive Property Evaluation of Thin Films and Multi-Layers

1994 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Rogers ◽  
K. A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Adhesive Property ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
Spot Check ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Time Evaluation

ABSTRACTWe describe an experimental method useful for in-situ real-time evaluation of viscoelastic, thermal and adhesive properties of thin films and multi-layer structures. We demonstrate how the technique is used to quantify the elastic moduli, and in-plane thermal diffusivity. We also show how it can be used to “spot check” for dis-bonds and to generate dis-bond “maps”.

Real-time x-ray scattering study of sputter-deposited LaNiO3 thin films on Si substrates

1999 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Lee ◽  
Chih-Hao Lee ◽  
Keng S. Liang ◽  
Tai-Bor Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Integrated Intensities

ABSTRACTReal-time x-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurements under in-situ sputtering deposition conditions were performed to study the crystallization behavior of LaNiO3thin films on Si substrate. We found that an amorphous layer of 60 Å was grown in the first 6 min of the deposition and subsequently a polycrystalline overlayer was developed as observed from the in-situ x-ray reflectivity curves and diffraction patterns. Polycrystalline columnar textures of (110) and (100) were grown on the top of this amorphous film. By comparing the integrated intensities of two Bragg peaks in the plane normal of x-ray diffraction, it was found that the ability of (100)-texturization enhanced with increasing film thickness over a certain critical value.

scholarly journals In situ electrosynthesis of anthraquinone electrolytes in aqueous flow batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 6084-6092
Author(s):  
Yan Jing ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Andrew A. Wong ◽  
Eric M. Fell ◽  
Shijian Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Anthracene Derivative ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Aqueous Flow

We demonstrate the electrochemical oxidation of an anthracene derivative to a redox-active anthraquinone at room temperature in a flow cell without the use of hazardous oxidants or noble metal catalysts.

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