scholarly journals Characterization of vegetative inflorescence (mc-vin) mutant provides new insight into the role of MACROCALYX in regulating inflorescence development of tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona ◽  
Muriel Quinet ◽  
Antonia Fernández-Lozano ◽  
Benito Pineda ◽  
Vicente Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Insight Into

Histolocalization and physico-chemical characterization of dihydrochalcones: Insight into the role of apple major flavonoids

2013 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Gaucher ◽  
Thomas Dugé de Bernonville ◽  
David Lohou ◽  
Sylvain Guyot ◽  
Thomas Guillemette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The pathophysiology of sepsis—2021 update: Part 1, immunology and coagulopathy leading to endothelial injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Risk And Benefit ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To provide an overview of current literature on the pathophysiology of sepsis, with a focus on mediators of endothelial injury and organ dysfunction. Summary Sepsis is a dysregulated response to infection that triggers cascades of interconnected systems. Sepsis has been a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the recent viral pandemic that may produce severe sepsis and septic shock has been a major contributor to sepsis-related mortality. Understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis has changed dramatically over the last several decades. Significant insight into the components of the inflammatory response that contribute to endothelial injury and trigger coagulation pathways has been achieved. Similarly, characterization of anti-inflammatory pathways that may lead to secondary infections and poor outcome has illustrated opportunities for improved therapies. Description of an increasing number of important mediators and pathways has occurred and may point the way to novel therapies to address immune dysregulation. Pharmacists will need a fundamental understanding of the overlapping pathways of the immune response to fully prepare for use of novel treatment options. While pharmacists typically understand coagulation cascade how to utilize anticoagulants, the issues in sepsis related coagulopathy and role of mediators such as cytokines and complement and role of activated platelets and neutrophils require a different perspective. Conclusion Pharmacists can benefit from understanding both the cellular and organ system issues in sepsis to facilitate assessment of potential therapies for risk and benefit.

scholarly journals The Role of Hydraulic Hysteresis on the Hydrological Response of Pyroclastic Silty Covers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Rianna ◽  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Luca Pagano ◽  
Luciano Picarelli ◽  
Alfredo Reder
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Hydraulic Hysteresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrological Effects ◽  
Insight Into

A significant part of the recent geotechnical literature concerning pyroclastic soils is focused on the characterization of the hydrological effects of precipitations and their implications for the stability conditions of unsaturated sloping covers. Recent experience shows that suction-induced strength reduction is influenced by various factors including hydraulic hysteresis. A deeper insight into the hysteretic water retention behavior of these materials and its effects upon their response to dry/wetting conditions is a major goal of this paper, which exploits the data provided by the monitoring of a volcanic ash. Based on the parameters retrieved from data calibration, the hydrological response of a virtual slope subject to one-dimensional rainfall infiltration is investigated by numerical analyses and compared with the results obtained through the usually adopted non-hysteretic approaches. The analysis demonstrates that considering the hysteretic behavior may be crucial for a proper evaluation of the conditions leading to slope failure.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Latent Virus-Like Infection of Symbiotic Zooxanthellae

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2976-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Lohr ◽  
Colin B. Munn ◽  
William H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Virus System ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT A latent virus-like agent, which we designated zooxanthella filamentous virus 1 (ZFV1), was isolated from Symbiodinium sp. strain CCMP 2465 and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy and analytical flow cytometry revealed the presence of a new group of distinctive filamentous virus-like particles after exposure of the zooxanthellae to UV light. Examination of thin sections of the zooxanthellae revealed the formation and proliferation of filamentous virus-like particles in the UV-induced cells. Assessment of Symbiodinium sp. cultures was used here as a model to show the effects of UV irradiance and induction of potential latent viruses. The unique host-virus system described here provides insight into the role of latent infections in zooxanthellae through environmentally regulated viral induction mechanisms.

scholarly journals Insulin immuno-neutralization in fed chickens: effects on liver and muscle transcriptome

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Simon ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic ◽  
Estelle Godet ◽  
Cedric Cabau ◽  
Anne Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Chicken Muscle ◽  
Resistance State ◽  
Insight Into

Chickens mimic an insulin-resistance state by exhibiting several peculiarities with regard to plasma glucose level and its control by insulin. To gain insight into the role of insulin in the control of chicken transcriptome, liver and leg muscle transcriptomes were compared in fed controls and “diabetic” chickens, at 5 h after insulin immuno-neutralization, using 20.7K-chicken oligo-microarrays. At a level of false discovery rate <0.01, 1,573 and 1,225 signals were significantly modified by insulin privation in liver and muscle, respectively. Microarray data agreed reasonably well with qRT-PCR and some protein level measurements. Differentially expressed mRNAs with human ID were classified using Biorag analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Multiple metabolic pathways, structural proteins, transporters and proteins of intracellular trafficking, major signaling pathways, and elements of the transcriptional control machinery were largely represented in both tissues. At least 42 mRNAs have already been associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, energy expenditure, or identified as sensors of metabolism in mice or humans. The contribution of the pathways presently identified to chicken physiology (particularly those not yet related to insulin) needs to be evaluated in future studies. Other challenges include the characterization of “unknown” mRNAs and the identification of the steps or networks, which disturbed tissue transcriptome so extensively, quickly after the turning off of the insulin signal. In conclusion, pleiotropic effects of insulin in chickens are further evidenced; major pathways controlled by insulin in mammals have been conserved despite the presence of unique features of insulin signaling in chicken muscle.

scholarly journals Peroxisome-derived hydrogen peroxide can modulate the sulfenylation profiles of key redox signaling proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celien Lismont ◽  
Iulia Revenco ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Claudio Costa ◽  
Lisa Lenaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Sulfenic Acids ◽  
Insight Into

Ever since the first characterization of peroxisomes, a central theme has been their involvement in cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism. While the reputation of H2O2 drastically changed from an exclusively toxic molecule to a signaling messenger, the regulatory role of peroxisomes in these signaling events is still largely underappreciated. This is mainly because the number of known protein targets of peroxisome-derived H2O2 is rather limited and testing of specific targets is predominantly based on knowledge previously gathered in related fields of research. To gain a broader and more systematic insight into the role of peroxisomes in redox signaling, an unbiased approach is urgently needed. To accomplish this goal, we have combined a previously developed cell system in which peroxisomal H2O2 production can be modulated with a yeast AP-1-like-based sulfenome mining strategy to inventory protein thiol targets of peroxisome-derived H2O2 in different subcellular compartments. Using this unbiased approach, we were able to identify specific and common targets of peroxisome-derived and exogenous H2O2 in peroxisomes, the cytosol, and mitochondria. We also observed that the sulfenylation kinetics profiles of key targets belonging to different protein families can vary considerably. In addition, we obtained compelling but indirect evidence that peroxisome-derived H2O2 may oxidize at least some of its targets through a redox relay mechanism. In conclusion, given that sulfenic acids function as key intermediates in H2O2 signaling, the findings presented in this study provide initial but critical insight into how peroxisomes may be integrated in the cellular H2O2 signaling network.

scholarly journals Detailed characterization of the UMAMITs provides insight into their evolution, functional properties as amino acid transporters and role in the plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengsong Zhao ◽  
Réjane Pratelli ◽  
Shi Yu ◽  
Brett Shelley ◽  
Eva Collakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAmino acid transporters play a critical role in distributing amino acids within the cell compartments and between the plant organs. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been characterized and their role elucidated with certainty. Two main families of proteins encode amino acid transporters in plants: the Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation superfamily, containing mostly importers, and the Usually Multiple Acids Move In and out Transporter family, apparently encoding exporters, totaling about 100 genes in Arabidopsis alone. Knowledge on UMAMITs is scarce, focused on six Arabidopsis genes and a handful of genes from other species. To get insight into the role of the members of this family and provide data to be used for future characterization, we studied the evolution of the UMAMITs in plants, and determined the functional properties, the structure, and the localization of the 44 Arabidopsis UMAMITs. Our analysis showed that the AtUMAMIT are essentially localized at the tonoplast or the plasma membrane, and that most of them are able to export amino acids from the cytosol, confirming a role in intra- and inter-cellular amino acid transport. As an example, this set of data was used to hypothesize the role of a few AtUMAMITs in the plant and the cell.

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