scholarly journals The Role of Hydraulic Hysteresis on the Hydrological Response of Pyroclastic Silty Covers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Rianna ◽  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Luca Pagano ◽  
Luciano Picarelli ◽  
Alfredo Reder
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Hydraulic Hysteresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrological Effects ◽  
Insight Into

A significant part of the recent geotechnical literature concerning pyroclastic soils is focused on the characterization of the hydrological effects of precipitations and their implications for the stability conditions of unsaturated sloping covers. Recent experience shows that suction-induced strength reduction is influenced by various factors including hydraulic hysteresis. A deeper insight into the hysteretic water retention behavior of these materials and its effects upon their response to dry/wetting conditions is a major goal of this paper, which exploits the data provided by the monitoring of a volcanic ash. Based on the parameters retrieved from data calibration, the hydrological response of a virtual slope subject to one-dimensional rainfall infiltration is investigated by numerical analyses and compared with the results obtained through the usually adopted non-hysteretic approaches. The analysis demonstrates that considering the hysteretic behavior may be crucial for a proper evaluation of the conditions leading to slope failure.

Role of sterics in phosphine-ligated gold clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1689-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Parrish ◽  
Mary King ◽  
Marshall R. Ligare ◽  
Grant E. Johnson ◽  
Heriberto Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Insight Into

This study examined the solution-phase exchange reactions of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands on Au8L72+ (L = PPh3) gold clusters with three different tolyl ligands using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to provide insight into how steric differences in the phosphines influence the extent of ligand exchange and the stability of the resulting mixed-phosphine clusters.

scholarly journals Degradation rate uniformity determines success of oscillations in repressive feedback regulatory networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (142) ◽  
pp. 20180157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Page ◽  
Ruben Perez-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Sustained Oscillations ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Computational Exploration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Insight Into

Ring oscillators are biochemical circuits consisting of a ring of interactions capable of sustained oscillations. The nonlinear interactions between genes hinder the analytical insight into their function, usually requiring computational exploration. Here, we show that, despite the apparent complexity, the stability of the unique steady state in an incoherent feedback ring depends only on the degradation rates and a single parameter summarizing the feedback of the circuit. Concretely, we show that the range of regulatory parameters that yield oscillatory behaviour is maximized when the degradation rates are equal. Strikingly, this result holds independently of the regulatory functions used or number of genes. We also derive properties of the oscillations as a function of the degradation rates and number of nodes forming the ring. Finally, we explore the role of mRNA dynamics by applying the generic results to the specific case with two naturally different degradation timescales.

Histolocalization and physico-chemical characterization of dihydrochalcones: Insight into the role of apple major flavonoids

2013 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Gaucher ◽  
Thomas Dugé de Bernonville ◽  
David Lohou ◽  
Sylvain Guyot ◽  
Thomas Guillemette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

Instability of Si3N4/, SiC/, and MoSi2/ethanol suspensions

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Fukada ◽  
Patrick S. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Insight Into

Time-dependent suspension behavior is reported for nonoxide ceramic powders (Si3N4, SiC, and MoSi2) in ethanol. The suspension pH (and therefore the stability) changed with time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inert gas fusion, inductively coupled plasma, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to track changes of surface chemistry. The adsorption of the base, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), is examined. The pH drop on powder addition to pure EtOH was used to gain insight into the role of TMAH coverage of the powder surfaces.

scholarly journals Role of dystroglycan in limiting contraction-induced injury to the sarcomeric cytoskeleton of mature skeletal muscle

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (39) ◽  
pp. 10992-10997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Rader ◽  
Rolf Turk ◽  
Tobias Willer ◽  
Daniel Beltrán ◽  
Kei-ichiro Inamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Passive Tension ◽  
Lengthening Contractions ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Insight Into

Dystroglycan (DG) is a highly expressed extracellular matrix receptor that is linked to the cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle. DG is critical for the function of skeletal muscle, and muscle with primary defects in the expression and/or function of DG throughout development has many pathological features and a severe muscular dystrophy phenotype. In addition, reduction in DG at the sarcolemma is a common feature in muscle biopsies from patients with various types of muscular dystrophy. However, the consequence of disrupting DG in mature muscle is not known. Here, we investigated muscles of transgenic mice several months after genetic knockdown of DG at maturity. In our study, an increase in susceptibility to contraction-induced injury was the first pathological feature observed after the levels of DG at the sarcolemma were reduced. The contraction-induced injury was not accompanied by increased necrosis, excitation–contraction uncoupling, or fragility of the sarcolemma. Rather, disruption of the sarcomeric cytoskeleton was evident as reduced passive tension and decreased titin immunostaining. These results reveal a role for DG in maintaining the stability of the sarcomeric cytoskeleton during contraction and provide mechanistic insight into the cause of the reduction in strength that occurs in muscular dystrophy after lengthening contractions.

scholarly journals A nanobody-based molecular toolkit provides new mechanistic insight into clathrin-coat initiation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linton M Traub
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Complementarity Determining Region

Besides AP-2 and clathrin triskelia, clathrin coat inception depends on a group of early-arriving proteins including Fcho1/2 and Eps15/R. Using genome-edited cells, we described the role of the unstructured Fcho linker in stable AP-2 membrane deposition. Here, expanding this strategy in combination with a new set of llama nanobodies against EPS15 shows an FCHO1/2–EPS15/R partnership plays a decisive role in coat initiation. A nanobody containing an Asn-Pro-Phe peptide within the complementarity-determining region 3 loop is a function-blocking pseudoligand for tandem EPS15/R EH domains. Yet, in living cells, EH domains gathered at clathrin-coated structures are poorly accessible, indicating residence by endogenous NPF-bearing partners. Forcibly sequestering cytosolic EPS15 in genome-edited cells with nanobodies tethered to early endosomes or mitochondria changes the subcellular location and availability of EPS15. This combined approach has strong effects on clathrin coat structure and function by dictating the stability of AP-2 assemblies at the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Complexity and polymorphisms for digraph constraint problems under some basic constructions

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1395-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Jackson ◽  
Tomasz Kowalski ◽  
Todd Niven
Keyword(s):  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problems ◽  
Local Consistency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Basic Graph

The role of polymorphisms in determining the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems is well established. In this context, we study the stability of CSP complexity and polymorphism properties under some basic graph theoretic constructions. As applications we observe a collapse in the applicability of algorithms for CSPs over directed graphs with both a total source and a total sink: the corresponding CSP is solvable by the “few subpowers algorithm” if and only if it is solvable by a local consistency check algorithm. Moreover, we find that the property of “strict width” and solvability by few subpowers are unstable under first-order reductions. The analysis also yields a complete characterization of the main polymorphism properties for digraphs whose symmetric closure is a complete graph.

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