scholarly journals Characterization of a Latent Virus-Like Infection of Symbiotic Zooxanthellae

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2976-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Lohr ◽  
Colin B. Munn ◽  
William H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Virus System ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT A latent virus-like agent, which we designated zooxanthella filamentous virus 1 (ZFV1), was isolated from Symbiodinium sp. strain CCMP 2465 and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy and analytical flow cytometry revealed the presence of a new group of distinctive filamentous virus-like particles after exposure of the zooxanthellae to UV light. Examination of thin sections of the zooxanthellae revealed the formation and proliferation of filamentous virus-like particles in the UV-induced cells. Assessment of Symbiodinium sp. cultures was used here as a model to show the effects of UV irradiance and induction of potential latent viruses. The unique host-virus system described here provides insight into the role of latent infections in zooxanthellae through environmentally regulated viral induction mechanisms.

Synthesis and Characterization of Asparagine-Modified and Terbium-Doped Spherical Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Xing ◽  
Liang Liang Luo ◽  
Yu Ping Guo ◽  
Wei Min Gao ◽  
Liang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The spherical hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) were synthesized by hydro-thermal method, and calcium nitrate, terbium oxide, diammonium hydrogen phosphate were used as raw materials with the help of surfactant L-Asparagine. Meanwhile, different amount of Tb was added to investigate the effect of different terbium dropping amount on the properties of HAP. The structure, morphology and luminescent of the obtained HAP that was characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectrometer (PL) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results showed that spherical HAP which in average of 30 nm with good dispersion showed remarkable fluorescent properties and their maximum emission were observed at 543 nm, which could be also excited at uv light region of 377 nm.The optimum mole fraction of Tb was 3%. Therefore terbium-doped spherical HAP of prepared sample would be tracked by flourescence.

Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(HAzPMA-co-SA)/RDX/CdS nanocomposite as a polymer bonded explosive

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Ghayeni ◽  
Reza Razeghi ◽  
Abolfazl Olyaei
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sodium Acrylate ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cds Nanorods ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cadmium sulfide nanorods with a length of 69 nm have been prepared by using Cd(OAc)2.2H2O and S8 at 125 °C in the presence of triethylenetetramine as the template agent and coordination agent and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, photoluminescence, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopic techniques. Photocopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and sodium acrylate (SA) was carried out using CdS nanorods as a photocatalyst under UV light exposure at 400 nm in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). To optimization of the effective parameters on the synthesis of copolymer nanocomposite, the amounts of initiator, monomers, and β-CD, duration of pre-deoxygenation, and light wavelength were evaluated. Ring opening of poly(GMA-co-SA)/CdS nanocomposite with NaN3 afforded poly(HAzPMA-co-SA)/CdS nanocomposite and subsequent mixing with RDX in DMF led to the formation of poly(HAzPMA-co-SA)/RDX/CdS nanocomposite as a polymer bonded explosive. All of the copolymer nanocomposites were characterized using various tools of instrumental analysis.

scholarly journals In Situ IR Characterization of CO Interacting with Rh Nanoparticles Obtained by Calcination and Reduction of Hydrotalcite-Type Precursors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Basile ◽  
I. Bersani ◽  
P. Del Gallo ◽  
S. Fiorilli ◽  
G. Fornasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Size ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Ir ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Co Disproportionation ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Supported Rh nanoparticles obtained by reduction in hydrogen of severely calcined Rh/Mg/Al hydrotalcite-type (HT) phases have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO [both at room temperature (r.t.) and nominal liquid nitrogen temperature] and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effect of reducing temperature has been investigated, showing that Rh crystal size increases from 1.4 nm to 1.8 nm when the reduction temperature increases from 750°C to 950°C. The crystal growth favours the formation of bridged CO species and linear monocarbonyl species with respect to gem-dicarbonyl species; when CO adsorbs at r.t., CO disproportionation occurs on Rh and it accompanies the formation of RhI(CO)2. The role of interlayer anions in the HT precursors to affect the properties of the final materials has been also investigated considering samples prepared from silicate-instead of carbonate-containing precursors. In this case, formation of RhI(CO)2 and CO disproportionation do not occur, and this evidence is discussed in terms of support effect.

Histolocalization and physico-chemical characterization of dihydrochalcones: Insight into the role of apple major flavonoids

2013 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Gaucher ◽  
Thomas Dugé de Bernonville ◽  
David Lohou ◽  
Sylvain Guyot ◽  
Thomas Guillemette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

Instability of Si3N4/, SiC/, and MoSi2/ethanol suspensions

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Fukada ◽  
Patrick S. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Insight Into

Time-dependent suspension behavior is reported for nonoxide ceramic powders (Si3N4, SiC, and MoSi2) in ethanol. The suspension pH (and therefore the stability) changed with time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inert gas fusion, inductively coupled plasma, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to track changes of surface chemistry. The adsorption of the base, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), is examined. The pH drop on powder addition to pure EtOH was used to gain insight into the role of TMAH coverage of the powder surfaces.

Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth (Tb3+ and Yb3+) Doped CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals for Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Das ◽  
Krishna C. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Broadband Absorption ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTCdS host nanocrystals with 4.2-5.5 nm in diameter have been synthesized from air stable precursors via a synthetic chemical route and doped with rare earth (RE) terbium (Tb3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) ions. RE3+-doped CdS cores were shelled by ZnS layers of different thicknesses. The resulting core/shell nanocrystals show a complete broadband absorption below 400-460 nm to the deep UV region depending on the size of the cores. RE3+-doped CdS nanocrystals showed a red shift in the emission as observed under irradiation of 302 nm UV light and was confirmed by room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The nanocrystals were further characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The results show that these RE3+-doped nanocrystals can be used as solar spectral matching downconversion material to enhance photovoltaic efficiency of existing solar cells.

On the Role of Characterization in the Design of Interfaces in Nanoscale Materials Technology

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Ringer ◽  
K.R. Ratinac
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control

This work reviews recent research on the design and control of interfaces in engineering nanomaterials. Four case studies are presented that demonstrate the power of a multimodal approach to the characterization of different types of interfaces. We have used a combination of conventional, high resolution, and analytical transmission electron microscopy, microbeam electron diffraction, and three-dimensional atom probe to study polymer–clay nanocomposites, turbine rotor steels used for power generation, multicomponent aluminum alloys, and nanocrystalline magnetic materials.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Cellulase on Wrinkled Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced Inter-Wrinkle Distance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Aniello Costantini ◽  
Virginia Venezia ◽  
Giulio Pota ◽  
Aurelio Bifulco ◽  
Valeria Califano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Immobilized Cellulase

Mesoporous silica materials offer a unique opportunity for enzyme immobilization thanks to their properties, such as tuneable pore size, large surface area and easy functionalization. However, a significant enhancement of cellulase enzyme activity entrapped inside the silica pores still represents a challenge. In this work, we immobilized cellulase by adsorption on wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs), obtaining an active and stable biocatalyst. We used pentanol as co-solvent to synthesize WSNs with enhanced inter-wrinkle distance in order to improve cellulase hosting. The physical-chemical and morphological characterization of WSNs and cellulase/WSNs was performed by thermogravimetric (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The obtained results showed that this matrix generates a favourable microenvironment for hosting cellulase. The results of the catalytic assays and operational stability confirmed the key role of size, morphology and distribution of the pores in the successful outcome of the cellulase immobilization process. The immobilization procedure used allowed preserving most of the secondary structure of the enzyme and, consequently, its catalytic activity. Moreover, the same value of glucose yield was observed for five consecutive runs, showing a high operational stability of the biocatalyst.

scholarly journals The pathophysiology of sepsis—2021 update: Part 1, immunology and coagulopathy leading to endothelial injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Risk And Benefit ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To provide an overview of current literature on the pathophysiology of sepsis, with a focus on mediators of endothelial injury and organ dysfunction. Summary Sepsis is a dysregulated response to infection that triggers cascades of interconnected systems. Sepsis has been a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the recent viral pandemic that may produce severe sepsis and septic shock has been a major contributor to sepsis-related mortality. Understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis has changed dramatically over the last several decades. Significant insight into the components of the inflammatory response that contribute to endothelial injury and trigger coagulation pathways has been achieved. Similarly, characterization of anti-inflammatory pathways that may lead to secondary infections and poor outcome has illustrated opportunities for improved therapies. Description of an increasing number of important mediators and pathways has occurred and may point the way to novel therapies to address immune dysregulation. Pharmacists will need a fundamental understanding of the overlapping pathways of the immune response to fully prepare for use of novel treatment options. While pharmacists typically understand coagulation cascade how to utilize anticoagulants, the issues in sepsis related coagulopathy and role of mediators such as cytokines and complement and role of activated platelets and neutrophils require a different perspective. Conclusion Pharmacists can benefit from understanding both the cellular and organ system issues in sepsis to facilitate assessment of potential therapies for risk and benefit.

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