Effect of Different Dietary Fats on the Fæcal End-Products of Cholesterol Metabolism

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4592) ◽  
pp. 923-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GORDON ◽  
B. LEWIS ◽  
L. EALES ◽  
J. F. BROCK
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
End Products

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

Effect of saturated and unsaturated fats on hepatic synthesis and biliary excretion of cholesterol by the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Wilson ◽  
Marvin D. Siperstein
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
End Products ◽  
Hepatic Synthesis

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which saturated and unsaturated fats influence cholesterol metabolism, cholesterol synthesis in rat liver slices and the excretion of cholesterol end products into the bile of rats was studied during variations in the type and quantity of dietary fat. Neither 30% lard nor 30% corn oil diets had any effect on either the excretion of total cholesterol-C14 end products or of cholesterol itself into bile. Furthermore, the feeding of lard or corn oil, at either the 10% or 30% level, had no effect on the rate of conversion of acetate or mevalonate to cholesterol. These studies are interpreted as suggesting that the effects of saturated and unsaturated fats on cholesterol levels in rats are mediated at some phase of cholesterol metabolism other than the hepatic synthesis or hepatic degradation and excretion of this sterol.

scholarly journals Ligand binding and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) induce farnesoid X receptor (FXR) conformational changes affecting coactivator binding

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 (47) ◽  
pp. 18180-18191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Qingan Zou ◽  
Jinxin Xu ◽  
Jiancun Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Retinoid X Receptor ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
C Terminus

Nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) functions as the major bile acid sensor coordinating cholesterol metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and absorption of dietary fats and vitamins. Because of its central role in metabolism, FXR represents an important drug target to manage metabolic and other diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. FXR and nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) form a heterodimer that controls the expression of numerous downstream genes. To date, the structural basis and functional consequences of the FXR/RXR heterodimer interaction have remained unclear. Herein, we present the crystal structures of the heterodimeric complex formed between the ligand-binding domains of human FXR and RXRα. We show that both FXR and RXR bind to the transcriptional coregulator steroid receptor coactivator 1 with higher affinity when they are part of the heterodimer complex than when they are in their respective monomeric states. Furthermore, structural comparisons of the FXR/RXRα heterodimers and the FXR monomers bound with different ligands indicated that both heterodimerization and ligand binding induce conformational changes in the C terminus of helix 11 in FXR that affect the stability of the coactivator binding surface and the coactivator binding in FXR. In summary, our findings shed light on the allosteric signal transduction in the FXR/RXR heterodimer, which may be utilized for future drug development targeting FXR.

Effects of bile acids on fecal excretion of end products of cholesterol metabolism

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Beher ◽  
Gizella D. Baker ◽  
William L. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Hyodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
End Products ◽  
Tissue Cholesterol ◽  
Steroid Excretion

The influence of bile acids on liver cholesterol mobilization and on the excretion of fecal end products of cholesterol-4-C14 metabolism was studied in mice. Tissue cholesterol was elevated by feeding a fat-free diet containing cholesterol or cholesterol-4-C14. The mice were then divided into three groups: cholic acid treated, control and hyodeoxycholic acid treated. Fecal collections were made at intervals for 20 days, and steroids extracted and fractionated. The quantity of the sterol fractions and the C14 activity of the sterol and bile acid fractions were determined. Regression of hepatic cholesterol was followed at the same time intervals. Cholic acid inhibited liver cholesterol mobilization, while hyodeoxycholic acid effected a rapid regression of liver cholesterol to subnormal levels. Cholic acid depressed total steroid excretion, the depression occurring in the bile acid fraction; while excretion of fecal sterols remained relatively unaltered. Hyodeoxycholic acid greatly increased total steroid excretion. The increase was in the sterol fraction (95%), while bile acid excretion was depressed. These data indicate that bile acids are important factors in determining the rate and route of cholesterol metabolism.

Differential regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in transgenic mice expressing human cholesterol ester transfer proteinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Agarwal-Mawal ◽  
Cathy M. Murray ◽  
Suresh Belkhode ◽  
Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Mufa Diet

We investigated whether expression of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in mice alters the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Transgenic mice expressing human CETP (CETP-TG) and nontransgenic littermates (non-TG) were fed either a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet in the presence or absence of cholesterol. Mice fed with MUFA diet had higher CETP activity compared with SFA-fed mice. Addition of cholesterol to the MUFA diet decreased CETP activity, whereas addition of cholesterol to the SFA diet had no effect. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a) activity was higher in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA diet, whereas SFA fed CETP-TG mice showed lower Cyp7a activity as compared with non-TG. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) activity was higher in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA diet. HMG-CoA reductase activity was lower in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA or a SFA diet. These data demonstrate that the regulation of Cyp7a, HMG-CoA reductase, and MTTP is altered in CETP-TG mice as compared with non-TG mice and these alterations are further modulated by the quality of dietary fats. These findings highlight the importance of CETP in regulating cholesterol homeostasis.

Effects of different dietary fats and proteins on cholesterol metabolism and eicosanoid production in hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marites Gatchalian-Yee ◽  
Misako Imamura ◽  
Michiko Nonaka ◽  
Jiong Yan Gu ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Eicosanoid Production

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fats on Cholesterol Metabolism and Eicosanoid Production in Hamsters Fed Undigested Fraction of Soybean Protein.

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marites GATCHALIAN-YEE ◽  
Misako IMAMURA ◽  
Michiko NONAKA ◽  
Jiong Yan GU ◽  
Michihiro SUGANO
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Eicosanoid Production
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