scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fats on Cholesterol Metabolism and Eicosanoid Production in Hamsters Fed Undigested Fraction of Soybean Protein.

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marites GATCHALIAN-YEE ◽  
Misako IMAMURA ◽  
Michiko NONAKA ◽  
Jiong Yan GU ◽  
Michihiro SUGANO
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Eicosanoid Production

Effects of different dietary fats and proteins on cholesterol metabolism and eicosanoid production in hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marites Gatchalian-Yee ◽  
Misako Imamura ◽  
Michiko Nonaka ◽  
Jiong Yan Gu ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Eicosanoid Production

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

Effect of Different Dietary Fats on the Fæcal End-Products of Cholesterol Metabolism

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 180 (4592) ◽  
pp. 923-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GORDON ◽  
B. LEWIS ◽  
L. EALES ◽  
J. F. BROCK
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
End Products

scholarly journals Ligand binding and heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) induce farnesoid X receptor (FXR) conformational changes affecting coactivator binding

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 (47) ◽  
pp. 18180-18191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Qingan Zou ◽  
Jinxin Xu ◽  
Jiancun Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Retinoid X Receptor ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
C Terminus

Nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) functions as the major bile acid sensor coordinating cholesterol metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and absorption of dietary fats and vitamins. Because of its central role in metabolism, FXR represents an important drug target to manage metabolic and other diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. FXR and nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) form a heterodimer that controls the expression of numerous downstream genes. To date, the structural basis and functional consequences of the FXR/RXR heterodimer interaction have remained unclear. Herein, we present the crystal structures of the heterodimeric complex formed between the ligand-binding domains of human FXR and RXRα. We show that both FXR and RXR bind to the transcriptional coregulator steroid receptor coactivator 1 with higher affinity when they are part of the heterodimer complex than when they are in their respective monomeric states. Furthermore, structural comparisons of the FXR/RXRα heterodimers and the FXR monomers bound with different ligands indicated that both heterodimerization and ligand binding induce conformational changes in the C terminus of helix 11 in FXR that affect the stability of the coactivator binding surface and the coactivator binding in FXR. In summary, our findings shed light on the allosteric signal transduction in the FXR/RXR heterodimer, which may be utilized for future drug development targeting FXR.

Differential regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in transgenic mice expressing human cholesterol ester transfer proteinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Agarwal-Mawal ◽  
Cathy M. Murray ◽  
Suresh Belkhode ◽  
Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Mufa Diet

We investigated whether expression of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in mice alters the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Transgenic mice expressing human CETP (CETP-TG) and nontransgenic littermates (non-TG) were fed either a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet in the presence or absence of cholesterol. Mice fed with MUFA diet had higher CETP activity compared with SFA-fed mice. Addition of cholesterol to the MUFA diet decreased CETP activity, whereas addition of cholesterol to the SFA diet had no effect. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a) activity was higher in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA diet, whereas SFA fed CETP-TG mice showed lower Cyp7a activity as compared with non-TG. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) activity was higher in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA diet. HMG-CoA reductase activity was lower in CETP-TG mice compared with non-TG mice when fed a MUFA or a SFA diet. These data demonstrate that the regulation of Cyp7a, HMG-CoA reductase, and MTTP is altered in CETP-TG mice as compared with non-TG mice and these alterations are further modulated by the quality of dietary fats. These findings highlight the importance of CETP in regulating cholesterol homeostasis.

A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON SOME ASPECTS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wilkens ◽  
H. de Wit ◽  
B. Bronte-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Cholesterol

To explain the effect of dietary cholesterol and different fats on serum cholesterol concentration a hypothesis is proposed according to which the condition for the absorption of dietary cholesterol is its state of solution in dietary or endogenous fats. Dietary fats, free from cholesterol, exert their effect on serum cholesterol concentration by causing reabsorption of biliary or endogenous cholesterol. To test this hypothesis the solubility of cholesterol in a number of natural and modified triglyceride fats at 37 °C was determined and found to correlate with the effects of these fats on the serum cholesterol concentration of rats and man. Relatively high solubilities were associated with high serum levels and vice versa. Artificial modification of both unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids of triglyceride oils was found to alter the solubility of cholesterol in these oils. The solubility concept is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the effect of different dietary fats on serum cholesterol concentration and other aspects of cholesterol metabolism such as absorption, excretion, and liver synthesis.

scholarly journals DIETARY FAT AND HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA IN THE CEBUS MONKEY

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar W. Portman ◽  
Leonardo Sinisterra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Cebus Monkey

A series of studies of cholesterol metabolism in the Cebus monkey were carried out in an attempt to understand the mechanisms responsible for the great differences in serum cholesterol levels when different dietary fats were used. Three groups of monkeys, one fed diets including 45 per cent of calories as corn oil, a second corn oil plus cholesterol (0.1 gm./100 calories), and a third lard plus cholesterol for 5 months (mean serum cholesterol values were 237, 268, and 601 mg. per cent, respectively) were injected with emulsions of cholesterol-4-C14. The mean biological half-lives for the disappearance of serum radiocholesterol were 8.8, 8.4, and 6.6 days respectively. Esterification of radiocholesterol as measured by equilibration of specific activities of serum-free cholesterol and total cholesterol was delayed in the monkeys fed lard plus cholesterol. When cholesterol-4-C-14-stearate was given intravenously to a series of monkeys, an erratic non-exponential biological decay curve resulted. Specific activity for free serum cholesterol was greater than that for total cholesterol within 1 hour after the injection. After 7 months on experimental diets including corn oil with added cholesterol and lard with added cholesterol the levels of lipides in most tissues were not different for the two dietary groups, nor were they appreciably elevated above previous control figures for monkeys not fed cholesterol. Total lipide levels in the adrenals of monkeys fed corn oil were twice those of monkeys fed lard. Monkeys were fasted before and after intragastric administration of cholesterol-4-C14 in small formula meals including various fats and fatty acids. The disappearance of total cholesterol from the serum consisted of a rapid followed by a slow exponential function. The type of fat and fatty acid appeared to influence the rate of disappearance of radiocholesterol. There was a broad range of apparent activity of the different fats and fatty acids in promoting cholesterol absorption.

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