Severe Sexual Assault and Severe Physical Assault are Differentially Related to Young Women's Attachment Style

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Brown ◽  
Jennifer Freer ◽  
Kinsey Harper ◽  
Anton Tolman ◽  
Andrea Rotzien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Physical Assault

scholarly journals MP45: What to do with #MeToo: pre and post presenting patterns of intimate partner violence

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
A. Sobiesiak ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
L. Shipeolu ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
K. Sampsel
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Ottawa Hospital

Introduction: The #MeToo social media movement gained international status in October 2017 as millions disclosed experiences of sexual and intimate partner violence. People who experience violence from a former/current intimate partner may not present for care for many reasons, among them not knowing where to go for care, or not realizing they were experiencing abuse since the behavior was portrayed as ‘normal’. Empirical research identified increased police reporting, internet searches, and new workplace regulations on sexual assault/harassment after #MeToo. Less is known about how #MeToo has influenced hospital-based care, particularly among IPV cases. We aimed to investigate if the #MeToo social movement influenced patterns of IPV cases presenting for emergency care. Methods: This study took place at the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP), within the Emergency Department of The Ottawa Hospital. Patients seen from November 1st, 2016 through to September 30th, 2017 was considered Pre-#MeToo and those seen November 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 was considered Post-#MeToo. All patients seen in October 2017 were excluded. Analyses compare the proportion and characteristics of IPV cases seen Pre- and Post-#MeToo. Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate relative risk and 95% CI. Results: 890 cases were seen by the SAPACP during the total study period, of which 564 (63%) were IPV cases. 258 IPV cases were seen Pre-#MeToo and 306 IPV Post-#MeToo. The clinical presentation for IPV cases was similar between both periods where approximately 42% of IPV cases presented for sexual assault, 50% presented for physical assault. An increase in frequency and proportion of IPV cases was observed post-#MeToo. Post-#MeToo there were 48 additional cases of IPV, corresponding to almost a 20% increase in risk compared to the Pre-#MeToo period. (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) Post-#MeToo, there were more presenting cases of IPV among male/trans cases (9 vs 26) and youth cases (82 vs 116). Conclusion: #MeToo is a powerful social movement that corresponded with a significant increase in IPV cases presenting for emergency care. While the assault characteristics among IPV cases remained similar, an important contribution of this research is the increase in youth, male/transgender patients who presented for care post-#MeToo. Continued investigations into pre- post-#MeToo trends is needed to understand more about the changing clinical population and to inform resource and service allocation.

Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence and Romantic Attachment Style in a College Student Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Orcutt ◽  
Marilyn Garcia ◽  
Scott M. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
College Student Sample

The frequency, severity, and reciprocity of female-perpetrated intimate partner violence and its consequences (i. e., injuries) were investigated in a college sample of women (N = 457). Participants were classified into one of the following four groups on the basis of selfreported physical assault perpetration and victimization against their relationship partners: nonviolent, perpetrator-only, victim-only, and bidirectionally violent. Results showed that females in the bidirectionally violent group had a reportedly higher occurrence (although not always statistically significant) of perpetration and victimization than those in the perpetrator-only and victim-only groups. Additionally, a similar degree of reciprocity was indicated by females in bidirectionally violent relationships in terms of violence severity and the occurrence of injury. Adult romantic attachment style was also examined among a subset of females (N = 328), and bidirectionally violent females were found to have the highest reported levels of attachment anxiety. Further, females high in attachment anxiety and low in attachment avoidance were more likely to report perpetrating violence than females high in both styles. Implications for prevention are discussed.

scholarly journals Substance Use During Sexual and Physical Assault in HIV-Infected Persons

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia H. Chuang ◽  
Jane M. Liebschutz ◽  
Debbie M. Cheng ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Jeffrey H. Samet
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Adjusted Analysis ◽  
Sexually Assaulted

Data from the HIV-Alcohol Longitudinal Cohort was used to determine the prevalence of substance use by victims and assailants during physical and sexual assault against HIV-infected persons and whether these findings differed by gender. Of the sexually assaulted participants, 31% of victims and 70% of assailant(s) had used drugs/alcohol during sexual assault. Compared with men, women had higher odds of substance use during sexual assault (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 8.7) and of substance use by their assailant(s) during sexual assault (adjusted OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 20.6) in adjusted analysis. Of the physically assaulted participants, 66% of victims and 85% of assailants used drugs/alcohol during physical assault; these results did not differ by gender.

A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Hall Smith ◽  
Gloria E. Thornton ◽  
Robert Devellis ◽  
Joanne Earp ◽  
Ann L. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Population Based Study

The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.

Are Survivors of Sexual Assault Blamed More Than Victims of Other Crimes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110374
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Reich ◽  
Grace A. Pegel ◽  
Alixandra B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trauma Informed

Although victim blaming in the context of sexual assault is often emphasized, little research has compared rates of victim blaming following sexual assault relative to other forms of victimization. This research investigated whether there is a crime-specific bias toward blaming victims of sexual assault. Victim blaming was assessed via different methods from the observer perspective in vignette-based studies, as well as survivors’ accounts of social reactions they received. In Study 1, participants were asked to rate how much the survivor was to blame in three vignettes, each with a different randomized crime outcome: rape, physical assault, or theft. Study 2 assessed blame for a vignette that either ended in rape or theft, via a causal attribution statement. Study 3 asked interpersonal trauma survivors who had experienced at least two forms of victimization (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or theft) to report the social reactions they received following disclosure of each of these crimes. Across all three studies, victim blaming occurred following multiple forms of victimization and there was no evidence of a particular bias toward blaming survivors of sexual assault more so than other crimes. However, results of Study 3 highlight that, following sexual assault, survivors receive more silencing and stigmatizing reactions than they experienced after other crimes. Interpersonal traumas (i.e., sexual or physical assault) also resulted in more egocentric responses compared to theft. Altogether, there does not appear to be a crime-specific bias for victim blaming; however, crime-specific bias is apparent for some other, potentially understudied, social reactions. Implications of these findings highlight the value of victim blaming education and prevention efforts through trauma-informed services and outreach following victimization. Furthermore, service providers and advocates might especially seek to recognize and prevent silencing and stigmatizing reactions following sexual assault disclosures.

Study of Clinical Forensic Examination Reports and Alleged Offences in Sexual Assault Cases: Civil Hospital Sanghar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2234-2235
Author(s):  
Nadia Aslam ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Ahmed Khan Memon ◽  
Ejaz Ahmed Awan ◽  
Abdul Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Anal Penetration

Background: Several factors influence the occurrence of genito-anal injuries in sexual assault victims. The occurrence of injuries aids in the future laying of accusations against the accused, making forensic examination, documenting of injuries, and report preparation difficult for healthcare personnel. Aim: To find out the pattern of genito-anal injuries and the circumstances that lead to charges being filed against the accused. Place and Duration of Study: Civil Hospital Sanghar from 1st January 2019 to 31st December, 2019. Methodology: This cross-sectional study Sixty sexual assault cases were incorporated all survivors of rape, paying little heed to age, who announced a background marked by rape to the police or straightforwardly to our tertiary consideration community. Result: Penile-anal penetration is the most common 82.4% and second most common was penile-oral penetration was 75%. Fifty percent of ano-genital bleeding was found in the sexual assault victims and 45.6% were physical assault during sexual assault. Mostly cases were based on incomplete investigation with the highest 47.1%. Conclusion: Although no single event will bring the victim's recovery to a close, the arrest and successful conviction of the offender can be a significant step forward. Contrary to popular assumption, genital damage is not the usual in the aftermath of sexual assault. Keywords: Sexual assault, alleged, offences

The Sting of Shame

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Willett
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Free Speech Rights

Our allegiance to individualism sanctions the insult, with or without humor, to a significant extent through free speech rights. But what if the sting of symbolic aggression––as seemingly minor as an insult dressed up in the pleasantries of a joke––in fact accounts in many instances for the more acute pain of the physical assault? To be sure, physical assaults can harm material well-being. But what if a dimension of violence cannot be understood apart from the cruelty of the joke or the sting of ridicule? What if a shaming insult constitutes the significant sting of racial discrimination or sexual assault?

Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Hospitalized for Physical Assault, Sexual Assault, and Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098549
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Nancy Low ◽  
Ga Eun Lee ◽  
Aimina Ayoub ◽  
Thuy Mai Luu
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Physical Assault

Pregnancy outcomes of women with serious injuries due to violence receive limited attention. We examined the association of assault before and during pregnancy with maternal and infant outcomes at delivery. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 2,193,711 births in Quebec, Canada between 1989 and 2016. We identified women who were hospitalized for physical assault, sexual assault, and assault with documented intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy. We examined adverse outcomes at delivery, including preeclampsia, placental abruption, antepartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, and other disorders. In log-binomial regression models, we estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between violence hospitalization and adverse birth outcomes, adjusted for potential confounders. Compared with no exposure, violence before or during pregnancy was associated with the future risk of placental abruption (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23–1.82), antepartum hemorrhage (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.71), stillbirth (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.27–2.63), preterm birth (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.54–1.87), and low birthweight (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.58–2.00). Physical assault, sexual assault, and assault with documented intimate partner violence were all associated with adverse outcomes. The risk of adverse outcomes was elevated regardless of timing and number of violence admissions, although associations were stronger for women hospitalized twice or more. Physical assault, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence are important risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening for violence in women of childbearing age and closer follow-up during pregnancy may help improve birth outcomes.

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