Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Hospitalized for Physical Assault, Sexual Assault, and Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098549
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Nancy Low ◽  
Ga Eun Lee ◽  
Aimina Ayoub ◽  
Thuy Mai Luu
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Physical Assault

Pregnancy outcomes of women with serious injuries due to violence receive limited attention. We examined the association of assault before and during pregnancy with maternal and infant outcomes at delivery. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 2,193,711 births in Quebec, Canada between 1989 and 2016. We identified women who were hospitalized for physical assault, sexual assault, and assault with documented intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy. We examined adverse outcomes at delivery, including preeclampsia, placental abruption, antepartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, and other disorders. In log-binomial regression models, we estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between violence hospitalization and adverse birth outcomes, adjusted for potential confounders. Compared with no exposure, violence before or during pregnancy was associated with the future risk of placental abruption (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23–1.82), antepartum hemorrhage (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19–1.71), stillbirth (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.27–2.63), preterm birth (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.54–1.87), and low birthweight (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.58–2.00). Physical assault, sexual assault, and assault with documented intimate partner violence were all associated with adverse outcomes. The risk of adverse outcomes was elevated regardless of timing and number of violence admissions, although associations were stronger for women hospitalized twice or more. Physical assault, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence are important risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening for violence in women of childbearing age and closer follow-up during pregnancy may help improve birth outcomes.

scholarly journals MP45: What to do with #MeToo: pre and post presenting patterns of intimate partner violence

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
A. Sobiesiak ◽  
K. Muldoon ◽  
L. Shipeolu ◽  
M. Heimerl ◽  
K. Sampsel
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Ottawa Hospital

Introduction: The #MeToo social media movement gained international status in October 2017 as millions disclosed experiences of sexual and intimate partner violence. People who experience violence from a former/current intimate partner may not present for care for many reasons, among them not knowing where to go for care, or not realizing they were experiencing abuse since the behavior was portrayed as ‘normal’. Empirical research identified increased police reporting, internet searches, and new workplace regulations on sexual assault/harassment after #MeToo. Less is known about how #MeToo has influenced hospital-based care, particularly among IPV cases. We aimed to investigate if the #MeToo social movement influenced patterns of IPV cases presenting for emergency care. Methods: This study took place at the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP), within the Emergency Department of The Ottawa Hospital. Patients seen from November 1st, 2016 through to September 30th, 2017 was considered Pre-#MeToo and those seen November 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 was considered Post-#MeToo. All patients seen in October 2017 were excluded. Analyses compare the proportion and characteristics of IPV cases seen Pre- and Post-#MeToo. Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate relative risk and 95% CI. Results: 890 cases were seen by the SAPACP during the total study period, of which 564 (63%) were IPV cases. 258 IPV cases were seen Pre-#MeToo and 306 IPV Post-#MeToo. The clinical presentation for IPV cases was similar between both periods where approximately 42% of IPV cases presented for sexual assault, 50% presented for physical assault. An increase in frequency and proportion of IPV cases was observed post-#MeToo. Post-#MeToo there were 48 additional cases of IPV, corresponding to almost a 20% increase in risk compared to the Pre-#MeToo period. (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) Post-#MeToo, there were more presenting cases of IPV among male/trans cases (9 vs 26) and youth cases (82 vs 116). Conclusion: #MeToo is a powerful social movement that corresponded with a significant increase in IPV cases presenting for emergency care. While the assault characteristics among IPV cases remained similar, an important contribution of this research is the increase in youth, male/transgender patients who presented for care post-#MeToo. Continued investigations into pre- post-#MeToo trends is needed to understand more about the changing clinical population and to inform resource and service allocation.

A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Hall Smith ◽  
Gloria E. Thornton ◽  
Robert Devellis ◽  
Joanne Earp ◽  
Ann L. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Population Based Study

The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.

Adverse perinatal outcomes of intimate partner violence during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Khaled Rahmani ◽  
Rojin Yaghubi ◽  
Mahsa Ghadrdan ◽  
Obeidollah Faraji
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Purpose This study aims to conduct to determine the adverse perinatal outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy in Kurdistan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach In a prospective cohort study, 1,080 pregnant women were categorized into 433 and 647 women, respectively, exposed and unexposed to IPV followed by 48 h post-delivery. The values of incidence rate, relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated for interesting outcomes. Findings There was a statistically significant association between IPV exposure during pregnancy and perinatal mortality, pre-term birth (PTB), intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), placental abruption and low birth weight (LBW). Social implications Iran is a developing country with a mosaic of different ethnicities and cultures. It seems that the less developed regions of Iran, such as Kurdistan, are also culturally different from most other regions of Iran. Based on a systematic review study, the prevalence of domestic violence is estimated to be 66% (CI 95%: 55–77) in the general population of Iran. This value was 75% (CI 95%: 56–94) in western Iran, the geographic area of the study, and higher than other parts of the country. IPV during pregnancy can result in many adverse outcomes for mothers and children. Originality/value According to the results of this study, the occurrence of prenatal mortality, PTB, IUGR, PROM, placental abruption and LBW was significantly higher in pregnant women exposed to IPV during pregnancy compared with unexposed women. Strategies such as training the skills needed for health system staff to identify female victims of violence, counseling, treatment and referral to related specialized centers are suggested.

Intimate Partner Violence and Completion of Post-Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examination Follow-Up Screening

2018 ◽  
pp. 088626051881702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Gilmore ◽  
Anna E. Jaffe ◽  
Christine K. Hahn ◽  
Leigh E. Ridings ◽  
Kathy Gill-Hopple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Forensic Examination

Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Intimate Partner Violence, and Sexual Assault

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Sisic ◽  
Jerry Tan ◽  
Kathryn D. Lafreniere
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dermatology Clinic

Background: Sexual assault and intimate partner violence have never been examined in individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa. The research is important, because prior studies show higher incidences of intimate partner violence and sexual assault in individuals with disabilities, and hidradenitis suppurativa meets criteria for a disability. Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine whether individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa are at significantly higher risk of intimate partner violence and sexual assault compared with individuals who have acne, a recognised disability. Methods: Participants who met criteria for hidradenitis suppurativa and acne were recruited from a mid-sized university and a dermatology clinic. Participants spoke English and were over the age of sexual consent. Group (hidradenitis suppurativa and acne) differences on intimate partner violence and sexual assault were analysed. Victimisation within the past 12 months was measured using the Checklist for Controlling Behaviours, a measure of intimate partner violence, as well as the Sexual Experiences Survey–Short Form Victim, a measure of sexual assault. Results: In total, 243 participants (n = 128 for hidradenitis suppurativa; n = 115 for acne) were surveyed. Individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa were significantly more likely to report being victimised by intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Intimate partner violence was more frequently observed in individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa. Health care providers should be aware of this issue when interacting with patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

scholarly journals Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Women: A Latent Class Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Sutter ◽  
Annie E. Rabinovitch ◽  
Michael A. Trujillo ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Lisa D. Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Sexual Minority Women

This study explored patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in 150 sexual minority women (SMW): 25.3% had been sexually victimized, 34% physically victimized, 76% psychologically victimized, and 29.3% suffered an IPV-related injury. A latent class analysis found four behavioral patterns: (1) minor-only psychological perpetration and victimization; (2) no IPV; (3) minor–severe psychological, physical assault, and injury victimization, and minor-only psychological, physical, and injury perpetration; and (4) severe psychological, sexual, physical assault, and injury victimization and perpetration. Individuals who experienced and/or perpetrated all types experienced the greatest heterosexism at work, school, and in other contexts.

The Feasibility of a Novel Recruitment Protocol for Collecting Survivor Data via Disclosure Recipient Referrals

2022 ◽  
pp. 107780122110706
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Jania Marshall ◽  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Research Studies

The current arricle describes a novel recruitment protocol for collecting data from sexual assault and intimate partner violence survivors referred to research studies by individuals to whom they had previously disclosed. Challenges in both recruiting participants and interpreting data are described. Only 35.8% of cases had usable data for both survivors and disclosure recipients, suggesting that this referral method had limited success in recruiting matched pairs. Suggestions for modifications to improve the protocol for future research are offered. Potential advantages and drawbacks of various methods for recruiting dyads are described in order to facilitate future research on survivors’ disclosure processes, social reactions, and the influence of social reactions on survivor recovery.

scholarly journals Ethiopian Health Care Workers’ Insights into and Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy—A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3745
Author(s):  
Bosena Tebeje Gashaw ◽  
Berit Schei ◽  
Kari Nyheim Solbraekke ◽  
Jeanette H. Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
In Pregnancy

Violence against women is a global pandemic, with the potential to spread through generations. Intimate partner violence has impacts on women’s sexual, reproductive, and psycho-social health. It can occur during pregnancy and adversely affect the health of both mother and child. Health care workers involved in antenatal care can have a unique role in identifying intimate partner violence and in intervening, preventing, and mitigating its consequences. In this study, the objective was to explore Ethiopian health care workers’ insights of and responses to intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Using an exploratory design, this qualitative study includes ten semi-structured interviews of health care workers representing different antenatal care centers in Jimma, Ethiopia. The content analyses of translated interview notes were conducted with Atlas.ti7 software, (Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development Gmbh, Berlin). The health care workers shared their insights of the consequences of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in addition to their experience with and responses to the victims. There was a limited understanding of the extent of the adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes, as well as the potential long-term health implications. The informants described how they only gave medical treatment for obstetric complications or visible trauma during pregnancy. There was no formal referral to or linkages with other resources. Women’s empowerment and systemic changes in the health care, including training and capacity building, clear guidelines addressing management of intimate partner violence in pregnancy, and inclusion of intimate partner violence screening tools in the Ethiopian antenatal care chart/card, were recommended by the informants. The adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes were poorly understood by the Ethiopian health care workers in this study. They offered limited assistance to the victims and recommended changes in the routine antenatal care (ANC) and health care systems. They identified various policy initiatives focusing on women’s empowerment to reduce intimate partner violence and its complications especially during pregnancy.

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