Terapia zorientowana na traumę w placówkach ochrony zdrowia

The recognition of traumatic experiences across all aspects of human life has spurred the development of research on the impacts of trauma in various segments of society. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACES) first documented the correlation between childhood trauma exposure and physical and mental health disorders in adulthood. Further studies provided additional evidence of the long lasting impacts of trauma and led to practices to decrease re-traumatizing policies and practices. Trauma informed care (TIC) offers concepts and approaches for successful engagement and effective treatment for trauma survivors. This paper presents six basic principles of TIC and the methods for their application. This study also presents the results of research on the importance of understanding an individual’s conceptualization of the trauma event. It has been suggested that the individual’s unique perceptions of the trauma experience should influence the selection of an appropriate therapeutic approach.

Dynamism: Reconceptualising Resilience in Recovery From Trauma

Resilience research is currently dominated by Western theoretical frameworks, concepts, constructions, worldviews and understandings. Applying a Western construction of resilience to other global settings, is challenged by the fact that cultural practices central to different cultural identities, may not be acknowledged. This paper will present new and existing ways of conceptualising resilience and proposes that the term dynamism may be more culturally appropriate for capturing the concept of resilience in cross-cultural settings. The term dynamism has been crafted from research that initially sought to understand resilience and recovery among young Cambodian trauma survivors (See Wyatt, 2021). The research endeavoured to situate the concept of resilience within a non-Western, Cambodia-specific context. This study looked at factors that enabled young people to move forward with their lives and do remarkably well, despite significant childhood trauma (Wyatt, 2021). This paper is an extension of the key findings and will focus on the construction of the term resilience and its usefulness in cross-cultural settings. Furthermore, this article will present a model for dynamism and how this may be helpful in understanding recovery from trauma in cross-cultural contexts.

Adolescent Women with Experience of Dating Violence: Self-compassion and Posttraumatic Growth

The most frequently reported cases of violence in Indonesia are against women, and the second highest are dating violence. Similar to other traumatic events, violence leads to negative impacts. Conversely, previous research suggests that trauma survivors might experience positive changes, that is, posttraumatic growth (PTG). In fact, this study aims to determine self-compassion’s contribution to PTG among Indonesian adolescent women who have experienced dating violence; to ensure that all participants had experienced dating violence, we used the trauma and life events (TALE) checklist for screening. Self-compassion helps trauma survivors increase positive thoughts and seek meaning. Therefore, in this study, we argue that self-compassion augments PTG. The study is quantitative, with three questionnaires used: self-compassion scale-short form to measure self-compassion (α = .759), posttraumatic growth inventory-short form to measure posttraumatic growth (α = .643) and trauma and life events checklist as the screening tool to ensure participants had experienced a traumatic event. A simple regression test revealed that among participants (n = 306), self-compassion significantly contributed to PTG by 12% (p = .000, R2 = .120). These findings can be used as a reference in establishing preventive programs or interventions to improve self-compassion and increase awareness about healthy relationships, especially among adolescents.

Resilience in 2021: Descriptive analysis of individuals accessing virtual mental health services (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Although resilience has been extensively studied by developmental researchers, it has received less attention in the psychiatry and psychopathology research and practice, which is more focused on disease and pathology, and associated symptom-based measures like PHQ-9 and GAD-7. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe resilience levels in individuals accessing Ginger, a virtual mental health system in addition to its association with demographic characteristics, baseline depression and anxiety symptoms. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study of 9,165 members who accessed Ginger, an on-demand mental health system, and completed a baseline survey between January 1, 2021 to August 5, 2021. We used multivariate regression models to test for associations between baseline resilience and other member characteristics. RESULTS Baseline scores centered on a mean and median of 24 (out of 40), with 81% of the sample having low resilience at baseline. Despite having relatively higher resilience scores, members with no or mild depression or anxiety still had low resilience scores on average. CONCLUSIONS Overall, members had low baseline resilience, in line with prior studies of trauma survivors. Findings suggest a need for mental health support among individuals who might not typically be recommended for treatment based on traditional clinical assessments like PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Future research could focus on the interaction between resilience levels and symptom-based outcomes measures like PHQ-9 and GAD-7.

Dynamics of diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase secretion and their associations with PTSD onset in recent interpersonal trauma survivors

Background Dysfunction in major stress response systems during the acute aftermath of trauma may contribute to risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated how PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, depressive symptoms, and childhood trauma uniquely relate to diurnal neuroendocrine secretion (cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms) in women who recently experienced interpersonal trauma compared to non-traumatized controls (NTCs). Method Using a longitudinal design, we examined diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase rhythms in 98 young women (n = 57 exposed to recent interpersonal trauma, n = 41 NTCs). Participants provided saliva samples and completed symptom measures at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. Results Multilevel models (MLMs) revealed lower waking cortisol predicted the development of PTSD in trauma survivors and distinguished at-risk women from NTCs. Women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. Among trauma-exposed individuals, lower waking cortisol levels were associated with higher concurrent PTSD symptom severity. Regarding alpha-amylase, MLMs revealed women with greater childhood trauma exposure exhibited higher waking alpha-amylase and slower diurnal alpha-amylase increase. Conclusions Results suggest lower waking cortisol in the acute aftermath of trauma may be implicated in PTSD onset and maintenance. Findings also suggest childhood trauma may predict a different pattern of dysfunction in stress response systems following subsequent trauma exposure than the stress system dynamics associated with PTSD risk; childhood trauma appears to be associated with flattened diurnal cortisol and alpha-amylase slopes, as well as higher waking alpha-amylase.