Where have all the subjects gone? Longitudinal studies of disease and cognitive function.

1991 ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill F. Elias ◽  
Michael A. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies

Cognitive function and risk for depression in old age: a meta-analysis of published literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Quan Huang ◽  
Zheng-Rong Wang ◽  
Yong-Hong Li ◽  
Yi-Zhou Xie ◽  
Qing-Xiu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk For Depression

ABSTRACTBackground: We assessed the relationship between cognitive impairment (including mild cognitive impairment with no signs of dementia, and dementia) and risk for depression in old age (60 years and older).Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. All of the clinical studies that produced data on the association between cognitive function and risk of depression among individuals aged 55 years or older were identified and included in this review. The studies were classified into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. The quantitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were performed. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds risk (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively.Results: Since all but two studies found in the search were for individuals aged 60 years or over, we assessed and reported on results for this larger group only. In this review we included 13 cross-sectional and four prospective longitudinal studies. The quantitative meta-analysis showed that, in old age, individuals with non-dementia cognitive impairment had neither significant higher prevalence nor incidence rates of depression than those without (odds risk (OR): 1.48, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.87–2.52; relative risk (RR): 1.12, 95% CI: 0.62–2.01). In old age, individuals with dementia had both significant higher prevalence and incidence rates of depression than those without (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15–2.89; RR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.93–7.99).Conclusions: Despite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, we found that in old age, there was no association between depression and cognitive impairment with no dementia; however, there was a definite association between depression and dementia and thus dementia might be a risk for depression.

scholarly journals Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time: A Coordinated Analysis of Four Longitudinal Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Brown ◽  
Laura E. Gibbons ◽  
Robert F. Kennison ◽  
Annie Robitaille ◽  
Magnus Lindwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Over Time

Social activity is typically viewed as part of an engaged lifestyle that may help mitigate the deleterious effects of advanced age on cognitive function. As such, social activity has been examined in relation to cognitive abilities later in life. However, longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis thus far remains inconclusive. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between social activity and cognitive function over time using a coordinated data analysis approach across four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with social activity included as a covariate is presented. Four domains of cognitive function were assessed: reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge. Results suggest that baseline social activity is related to some, but not all, cognitive functions. Baseline social activity levels failed to predict rate of decline in most cognitive abilities. Changes in social activity were not consistently associated with cognitive functioning. Our findings do not provide consistent evidence that changes in social activity correspond to immediate benefits in cognitive functioning, except perhaps for verbal fluency.

Effect of retirement on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106892
Author(s):  
Celia Alvarez-Bueno ◽  
Ivan Cavero-Redondo ◽  
Estela Jimenez-Lopez ◽  
Maria Eugenia Visier-Alfonso ◽  
Irene Sequi-Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Global Cognition

The study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between retirement and cognitive function, including global cognition and memory-related skills. This is a systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between retirement and cognitive function, using Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases from inception to April 2020 and longitudinal studies on the association between retirement and cognitive function. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias of included studies. Effect size (ES) and 95% CI were calculated using Cohen’s d index. Meta-regressions were calculated on the basis of sample characteristics: percentage of women, years of follow-up and age at baseline. A total of 23 longitudinal studies were included in this systematic review. The pooled ES for the association of retirement with global cognition and memory-related skills was −0.01 (95% CI −0.02 to 0.00; I2: 0.0%) and −0.09 (95% CI −0.16 to 0.01; I2: 93%), respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed that length of follow-up, percentage of women in the sample and mean age at baseline did not influence the longitudinal association between retirement and adults’ memory-related skills. The results of this study indicate that retirement has no negative effects on adults’ global cognition and slightly adversely influences memory-related skills. Moreover, this association does not seem to be influenced by some demographic and study characteristics.

Association between anticholinergic (atropinic) drug exposure and cognitive function in longitudinal studies among individuals over 50 years old: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurine Andre ◽  
Adeline Gallini ◽  
François Montastruc ◽  
Jean-Louis Montastruc ◽  
Antoine Piau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Drug Exposure

scholarly journals Dynamic Associations of Change in Physical Activity and Change in Cognitive Function: Coordinated Analyses of Four Longitudinal Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Lindwall ◽  
Cynthia R. Cimino ◽  
Laura E. Gibbons ◽  
Meghan B. Mitchell ◽  
Andreana Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

The present study used a coordinated analyses approach to examine the association of physical activity and cognitive change in four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with physical activity included both as a fixed (between-person) and time-varying (within-person) predictor of four domains of cognitive function (reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge) was used. Baseline physical activity predicted fluency, reasoning and memory in two studies. However, there was a consistent pattern of positive relationships between time-specific changes in physical activity and time-specific changes in cognition, controlling for expected linear trajectories over time, across all four studies. This pattern was most evident for the domains of reasoning and fluency.

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