scholarly journals Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time: A Coordinated Analysis of Four Longitudinal Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Brown ◽  
Laura E. Gibbons ◽  
Robert F. Kennison ◽  
Annie Robitaille ◽  
Magnus Lindwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Over Time

Social activity is typically viewed as part of an engaged lifestyle that may help mitigate the deleterious effects of advanced age on cognitive function. As such, social activity has been examined in relation to cognitive abilities later in life. However, longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis thus far remains inconclusive. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between social activity and cognitive function over time using a coordinated data analysis approach across four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with social activity included as a covariate is presented. Four domains of cognitive function were assessed: reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge. Results suggest that baseline social activity is related to some, but not all, cognitive functions. Baseline social activity levels failed to predict rate of decline in most cognitive abilities. Changes in social activity were not consistently associated with cognitive functioning. Our findings do not provide consistent evidence that changes in social activity correspond to immediate benefits in cognitive functioning, except perhaps for verbal fluency.

scholarly journals Dynamic Associations of Change in Physical Activity and Change in Cognitive Function: Coordinated Analyses of Four Longitudinal Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Lindwall ◽  
Cynthia R. Cimino ◽  
Laura E. Gibbons ◽  
Meghan B. Mitchell ◽  
Andreana Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

The present study used a coordinated analyses approach to examine the association of physical activity and cognitive change in four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with physical activity included both as a fixed (between-person) and time-varying (within-person) predictor of four domains of cognitive function (reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge) was used. Baseline physical activity predicted fluency, reasoning and memory in two studies. However, there was a consistent pattern of positive relationships between time-specific changes in physical activity and time-specific changes in cognition, controlling for expected linear trajectories over time, across all four studies. This pattern was most evident for the domains of reasoning and fluency.

scholarly journals A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Duggan ◽  
Andrea M Piccinin ◽  
Sean Clouston ◽  
Andriy V Koval ◽  
Annie Robitaille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Rigorous Approach

Abstract Background Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among individual differences in level, change, and variation across physical and cognitive abilities. Evaluating replicability and synthesizing these findings has been limited by differences in measurements and samples, and by study design and statistical analyses confounding between-person differences with within-person changes. In this article, we conducted a coordinated analysis and summary meta-analysis of new results on the aging-related dynamics linking pulmonary function and cognitive performance. Methods We performed coordinated analysis of bivariate growth models in data from 20,586 participants across eight longitudinal studies to examine individual differences in baseline level, rate of change, and occasion-specific variability in pulmonary and cognitive functioning. Results were summarized using meta-analysis. Results We found consistent but weak baseline and longitudinal associations in levels of pulmonary and cognitive functioning, but no associations in occasion-specific variability. Conclusions Results provide limited evidence for a consistent link between simultaneous changes in pulmonary and cognitive function in a normal aging population. Further research is required to understand patterns of onset of decline and differences in rates of change within and across physical and cognitive functioning domains, both within-individuals and across countries and birth cohorts. Coordinated analysis provides an efficient and rigorous approach for replicating and comparing results across independent longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SLEEP DIFFICULTIES OVER 10 YEARS IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S453-S453
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robbins ◽  
Amanda Sonnega ◽  
Robert W Turner II ◽  
Girardin Jean-Louis ◽  
Kenneth Langa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Prior studies suggest that sleep difficulties (e.g., trouble falling asleep) may be associated with cognitive impairment. We used a large, nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults over the age of 50 in the US to examine the relationship between sleep difficulties and cognitive functioning. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) linear regression models were used to analyze data from the 2004-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We examined sleep difficulties and cognitive functioning within participants and across time (n=17,642). Sleep difficulty was measured as trouble falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings, and waking too early scored as 1= rarely/never, 2=sometimes, and 3=most of the time. A summary score indicated cognitive functioning (range 0-27). Models controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, chronic medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI). Compared to those with no sleep difficulties, those who reported difficulty falling asleep [“sometimes” OR=0.83,95%CI:0.71-0.96 and “most of the time” OR=0.79,95%CI: 0.64-0.98] and waking too early [“most of the time” OR=0.79,95%CI: 0.63-0.98] had worse cognitive functioning. Compared to those with no sleep difficulties, those who reported nocturnal awakenings [“most of the time” OR=1.29,95%CI:1.08-1.54] had higher cognitive functioning. Over time, lower cognitive function was more likely among those reporting difficulty falling asleep (OR=0.73,95%CI:0.54-0.97), nocturnal awakenings (OR=0.77,95%CI:0.61-0.97) and waking too early (OR=0.65,95%CI: 0.47-0.88). In this nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older US adults, we found that over time lower cognitive function was more likely among those who reported difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings, and waking too early.

scholarly journals Migraine and cognitive decline in the population-based EVA study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1291-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M Rist ◽  
Carole Dufouil ◽  
M Maria Glymour ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Tobias Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background: Previous studies on migraine and cognition have shown mixed results. However, many could not assess the relationship between migraine and change in cognitive function or only used a limited number of cognitive tests. Methods: Prospective cohort study among 1170 participants of the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study who provided information about migraine status and completed cognitive testing. Participants were classified as having no severe headache, non-migraine headache and migraine. Cognitive functioning was measured at up to four time points using nine different cognitive functioning tests. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between migraine status and change in cognitive function. Results: Of the 1170 participants, 938 had no severe headache, 167 had migraine, and 65 had non-migraine headache. After adjusting for age, gender, education and smoking status, people with migraine or non-migraine headache did not experience a greater rate of cognitive decline than those without headache or migraine in any domain (for the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), p-values were 0.68 for the non-migraine headache and time interaction and 0.85 for the migraine and time interaction) during 4–5 years of follow-up. For the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, those with migraine declined less over time (p-value = 0.02). Conclusion: Migraine was not associated with faster cognitive decline over time.

Impact of Retirement on Cognitive Function

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Elena Zulka ◽  
Isabelle Hansson ◽  
Linda B. Hassing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. This article reviews the literature and aims at identifying patterns of findings regarding the impact of retirement on cognitive function. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA statement resulted in discovering 20 studies with longitudinal designs. The results revealed negative, null, and positive associations between retirement and cognition. The conflicting results could not be explained by variations in study characteristics (study quality, operationalization of retirement, analytical approach) or cognitive abilities. However, in studies in which occupational experiences were included as a moderator, there was a positive trend for cognitive functioning when retiring from physically demanding jobs. To gain insight into mechanisms behind the relationship between retirement and cognitive functioning, study designs need to take into account the impact of preretirement factors.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING KOREAN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S657-S657
Author(s):  
Jinhee Shin ◽  
Eunhee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective This study aims to explore predictors to longitudinal decline of cognitive function in old adults in Korean. Methods The data were derived from the information system of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) which performed nationwide aging panel survey for adults aged over 45 years between 2006 and 2016. The sample consisted of 1,262 older adults who completed K-MMSE. Of the total 1,262 participants, 752 had normal cognition, 243 had mild cognitive impairment, and the rest 267 had dementia. Variables from diverse dimensions were derived from the KLoSA. The linear mixed models were used to predict and explain predictors affecting cognitive function decline over time. Results The ADL and IADL, depression, exercise, and social activity were time-varying variables significantly related to the cognitive function of the older adults. Over time, difference in change of the K-MMSE score between three groups was significant. Conclusions This study identified predictors influencing decrease of cognitive function over time in older adults in Korea. Tailored intervention needs to be developed and implemented in order to delay the cognitive function decline. Improving physical function through regular exercise, increasing social activity, and managing depression by early detection and treatment are recommended according to the cognitive function status. Keywords: old adults, cognitive function, K-MMSE, predictor

scholarly journals THE BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING IN PLACE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OVER TIME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S414-S414
Author(s):  
Jonathan Platt ◽  
Yvonne Michael ◽  
Gina Lovasi ◽  
Andrea Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Residential Stability ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Residential stability (aging in place) in older adults may be either supportive or detrimental to cognitive aging, and may be dynamic over time. Using residential histories of 3608 older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, this study seeks to estimate the potentially bidirectional relationship between residential change and cognitive functioning. Residential data were recorded and georeferenced annually, and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination assessed global cognitive functioning. Marginal structural models will be used to assess the effect of residential and cognitive exposures over time, in the presence of time-varying covariates that may act as confounders and mediators at different time points. We hypothesize that residential stability will have a bidirectional relationship with cognitive functioning over time. Aging in place will be associated with higher cognitive function during follow-up, and predict longer dementia-free survival. In turn, time to residential relocation during follow-up will be shorter among those with lower cognitive function.

scholarly journals The role of cognitive functioning in the outcome of those at clinical high risk for developing psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Addington ◽  
M. Barbato
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Over Time

Although it is well established that cognitive impairment is a common feature of schizophrenia, only recently has cognitive functioning been prospectively studied in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis. To date, both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have been conducted in the CHR population and in the context of later conversion to psychosis. A comprehensive review of the literature suggests that CHR individuals have general and specific baseline cognitive deficits compared to healthy controls. As a group, their cognitive course, tends to remain stable over time and in this way does not differ from healthy controls. For those who go on to develop a full-blown psychotic illness compared to those who do not convert, there appeared to be minimal differences at baseline with respect to cognition, although over time the converters may show deterioration in certain cognitive abilities compared to the non-converters. However, for many cognitive domains results are mixed, and may result from methodological limitations.

scholarly journals Late-Life Social Activity and Cognitive Decline in Old Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. James ◽  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
David A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Rate Of Decline

AbstractWe examined the association of social activity with cognitive decline in 1138 persons without dementia at baseline with a mean age of 79.6 (SD = 7.5) who were followed for up to 12 years (mean = 5.2; SD = 2.8). Using mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, social network size, depression, chronic conditions, disability, neuroticism, extraversion, cognitive activity, and physical activity, more social activity was associated with less cognitive decline during average follow-up of 5.2 years (SD = 2.7). A one point increase in social activity score (range = 1–4.2; mean = 2.6; SD = 0.6) was associated with a 47% decrease in the rate of decline in global cognitive function (p < .001). The rate of global cognitive decline was reduced by an average of 70% in persons who were frequently socially active (score = 3.33, 90th percentile) compared to persons who were infrequently socially active (score = 1.83, 10th percentile). This association was similar across five domains of cognitive function. Sensitivity analyses revealed that individuals with the lowest levels of cognition or with mild cognitive impairment at baseline did not drive this relationship. These results confirm that more socially active older adults experience less cognitive decline in old age. (JINS, 2011, 17, 998–1005)

scholarly journals A-034 Improvement in Cognitive Functioning Post Cardiovascular Event—A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-824
Author(s):  
Witbeck A
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Background Information ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective To evaluate changes in cognitive functioning over time following a cardiovascular event evidenced by a series of neuropsychological evaluations. This data adds to the limited research on episodes of vascular induced dementia and demonstrates how a patient that suffers a cardiovascular event can show improvements in cognitive abilities over time. Methods Patient A is a 78-year-old, right-handed, Caucasian, male, with a medical history significant for congestive heart failure with subsequent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations were performed two weeks, three weeks and seven months post cardiovascular event to monitor changes in cognitive functioning. All background information was obtained from a clinical interview with Patient A and his daughter, as well as a review of available medical records. Results The initial evaluation revealed cognitive deficits across domains, whereas the most recent evaluation showed improvements in all domains except for isolated declines in areas of memory and visual planning and organization. The most recent results evidenced his memory performance was notable for greater encoding deficits for both verbal information and visual information. Attention, executive functioning, language, and visual acuity remained stable or improved from previous evaluations. Conclusions The series of evaluations showed a general improvement in Patient A’s cognitive functioning, however, isolated declines were noted in memory and visual planning and organization. This data suggests that following a cardiovascular event, an individual’s functioning may improve over time and allow clinicians to see the isolated areas of decline to provide a more accurate and thorough diagnosis.

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