Controlling the Genotoxins Ethyl Chloride and Methyl Chloride Formed During the Preparation of Amine Hydrochloride Salts from Solutions of Ethanol and Methanol

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Brian P. Haney ◽  
Alexander Vaux ◽  
Dean A. Riley ◽  
Linda Heidrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Amine Hydrochloride

THE CHLORINATION OF METHANE

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Boswell ◽  
R. R. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Complete Utilization

A small-scale method was first developed in which the degree of chlorination of methane to methyl chloride could be determined by analysis of the resulting gases. The optimum conditions so determined were then applied on a scale which permitted the isolation and measurement of the products. A yield of 80% or better was obtained when using as a catalyst partially-reduced cupric chloride and passing moist nitrogen, methane and chlorine in the ratios of 70:7:1 at 450 °C. It was found that the proportion of chlorine could be more than doubled when 8% of hydrogen was present in the methane. Under such conditions the chlorine was completely utilized and only methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride were formed. The yield of isolated methyl chloride obtained was nearly 80% and this could be increased by operating on a larger scale. The same catalyst was successfully used in the chlorination of methane to carbon tetrachloride. A yield of 90% was obtained, with complete utilization of the chlorine. The chlorination of ethane to ethyl chloride, with a yield of at least 75% was also shown to be possible.

The viscosities of organic vapours

1951 ◽  
Vol 205 (1082) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
Chloride Methyl

The viscosities of the vapours of ethane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, methyl alcohol, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, acetone and acetonitrile have been measured at temperatures 35, 50, 65 and 78° C and pressures between 1 and 3 cm. Measurements were made by observing the damping of a pendulum swinging in the vapour. A linear relation between coefficient of viscosity and temperature was found in all cases. The ratios of thermal conductivity to viscosity were calculated, using thermal conductivity values obtained recently in the same temperature range. The observed values of the Eucken factor for non-polar vapours show systematic positive deviations from the theoretical values; strongly polar vapours show systematic negative deviations; weakly polar vapours show intermediate behaviour. The theoretical implications of these phenomena are discussed.

Isotopic Characterization (2H, 13C, 37Cl, 81Br) of the Abiotic Sinks of Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride in Water and Implications for Future Studies.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Horst ◽  
Magali Bonifacie ◽  
Gérard Bardoux ◽  
Hans-Hermann Richnow
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Methyl Halides ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Halide Exchange ◽  
Isotopic Characterization

In this study we investigated the isotope fractionation of the abiotic sink (hydrolysis, halide exchange) of methyl halides in water.<br>

Antidepressant Activity of 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin- 6-amine hydrochloride (TC-2153): Comparison with Classical Antidepressants

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Kulikov ◽  
Maria A. Tikhonova ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kulikova ◽  
Konstantin P. Volcho ◽  
Tatyana M. Khomenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Amine Hydrochloride
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