Coördination Compounds of Boron Trichloride. III. Systems with Methyl Chloride and Ethyl Chloride.

1946 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ray Martin ◽  
William Bruce Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Boron Trichloride

PRIMARY PROCESSES IN REACTIONS INITIATED BY PHOTOEXCITED MERCURY ISOTOPES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Boron Trichloride ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Similar Enrichment

A study has been made of the reaction of Hg2026(3P1) atoms, photoexcited in natural mercury vapor; with a number of substrates which form solid mercury compounds in mercury photo-sensitization. Some data are also given for reactions initiated by Hg1986(3P1) atoms. The solid mercury compounds formed were examined for enrichment in the isotope initiating the reaction. Such enrichment would be evidence for the primary formation of the mercury compound.Three HgO-forming substrates were studied: water vapor, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. The Hg2Cl2-forming substrates studied included hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, isopropyl chloride, and boron trichloride. One Hg2Br2-forming substrate was examined—isopropyl bromide.Among the HgO-forming substrates only water vapor gave enrichment in Hg202 in the HgO product. The Hg202 content of the oxide was found to vary from 32 to 35%, depending on reaction conditions, compared to a natural abundance of 29.6%. With water vapor – butadiene mixtures, oxides containing as high as 90% Hg202 were obtained. Similar enrichment factors were obtained for Hg1986(3P1) reactions.Hydrogen chloride and the alkyl chlorides yielded calomels containing a maximum of 45% Hg202. Methyl chloride gave similar enrichment factors in Hg198 for the Hg1986(3P1) reaction. The calomel formed in the boron trichloride reaction showed no enrichment.Addends such as butadiene and benzene, when added to hydrogen chloride, increased the Hg202 enrichment from 45% to 60%.For those reactions which yield mercury compounds enriched in the initiating mercury isotope, evidence is presented for a single primary process. Failure to obtain pure isotopes is attributed to exchange reactions with adsorbed natural mercury during recovery of the enriched mercury from the product. It is postulated that the addends react with the mercury product and reduce chemisorption of natural mercury on the product.The significance of these findings in the mechanisms of the reactions studied is discussed.

Coordination Compounds of Boron Trichloride. I. A Review.

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ray. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Boron Trichloride

THE CHLORINATION OF METHANE

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Boswell ◽  
R. R. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Complete Utilization

A small-scale method was first developed in which the degree of chlorination of methane to methyl chloride could be determined by analysis of the resulting gases. The optimum conditions so determined were then applied on a scale which permitted the isolation and measurement of the products. A yield of 80% or better was obtained when using as a catalyst partially-reduced cupric chloride and passing moist nitrogen, methane and chlorine in the ratios of 70:7:1 at 450 °C. It was found that the proportion of chlorine could be more than doubled when 8% of hydrogen was present in the methane. Under such conditions the chlorine was completely utilized and only methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride were formed. The yield of isolated methyl chloride obtained was nearly 80% and this could be increased by operating on a larger scale. The same catalyst was successfully used in the chlorination of methane to carbon tetrachloride. A yield of 90% was obtained, with complete utilization of the chlorine. The chlorination of ethane to ethyl chloride, with a yield of at least 75% was also shown to be possible.

scholarly journals The refraction and dispersion of some gaseous compounds

1931 ◽  
Vol 133 (821) ◽  
pp. 188-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Silicon Tetrachloride ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Boron Trichloride ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Boron Tribromide ◽  
State 1

In the present paper, results are given of measurements which have been made by the author on the refraction and dispersion of the following substances in the gaseous state :— (1) Silicon tetrachloride, SiCl 4 ; (2) silicon tetrabromide, SiBr 4 ; (3) boron trichloride, BCl 3 ; (4) boron tribromide, BBr 3 ; (5) phosgene, COCl 2 ; (6) acetone, (CH 3 ) 2 CO; (7) ethyl ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O; (8) acetylene, C 2 H 2 ; (9) ethylene, C 2 H 4 ; (10) ethane, C 2 H 6 ; (11) methyl chloride, CH 3 Cl; (12) methylene chloride, CH 2 Cl 2 ; (13) methylene bromide, CH 2 Br 2 . The gaseous refractivities of six of these compounds (viz., silicon tetrachloride, silicon tetrabromide, boron trichloride, boron tribromide, methylene chloride, methylene bromide) have not been previously determined and the recorded data for the remaining substances are either so meagre or discordant that further determinations were obviously called for.

The viscosities of organic vapours

1951 ◽  
Vol 205 (1082) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
Chloride Methyl

The viscosities of the vapours of ethane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, methyl alcohol, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, acetone and acetonitrile have been measured at temperatures 35, 50, 65 and 78° C and pressures between 1 and 3 cm. Measurements were made by observing the damping of a pendulum swinging in the vapour. A linear relation between coefficient of viscosity and temperature was found in all cases. The ratios of thermal conductivity to viscosity were calculated, using thermal conductivity values obtained recently in the same temperature range. The observed values of the Eucken factor for non-polar vapours show systematic positive deviations from the theoretical values; strongly polar vapours show systematic negative deviations; weakly polar vapours show intermediate behaviour. The theoretical implications of these phenomena are discussed.

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