scholarly journals Theory of Polymer Chains in Poor Solvent: Single-Chain Structure, Solution Thermodynamics, and Θ Point

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 4094-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Zhen-Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chain Structure ◽  
Solution Thermodynamics ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Θ Point ◽  
Poor Solvent

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

scholarly journals Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Agustín Blazquez-Martín ◽  
Ester Verde-Sesto ◽  
Angel J. Moreno ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Juan Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Individual Polymer

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.

Chemiluminescent self-reported unfolding of single-chain nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian R. Bloesser ◽  
Sarah L. Walden ◽  
Ishrath M. Irshadeen ◽  
Lewis C. Chambers ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Linear Polymer ◽  
Single Chain

We demonstrate the light-induced, crosslinker mediated collapse of linear polymer chains into single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) capable of self-reporting their unfolding.

scholarly journals Single chain structure in thin polymer films: corrections to Flory’s and Silberberg’s hypotheses

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. S1697-S1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cavallo ◽  
M Müller ◽  
J P Wittmer ◽  
A Johner ◽  
K Binder
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Thin Polymer

Dynamics of lattice models of polymer chains near the Θ point

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Patton Downey ◽  
Jeffrey Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Models ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Θ Point

MX-type single chain complexes with an aromatic in-plane ligand: incorporation of aromatic interactions for stabilizing the chain structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (22) ◽  
pp. 7828-7834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unjila Afrin ◽  
Hiroaki Iguchi ◽  
Mohammad Rasel Mian ◽  
Shinya Takaishi ◽  
Hiromichi Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Structure ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Aromatic Interactions ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
First Time

MX-type one-dimensional complexes containing only an aromatic in-plane ligand were synthesized for the first time.

scholarly journals On the Difference between Self-Assembling Process of Monomeric and Dimeric Surfactants with the Same Head to Tail Ratio: A Lattice Monte Carlo Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani ◽  
Maryam Farsad
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Lattice Monte Carlo ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Spacer Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dimeric Surfactants

Experimental data show that gemini surfactants have critical micelle concentrations that are almost tenfold lower than the CMCs of single chain ones. It is believed that the spacer groups play an important role in this subject. Short hydrophilic or long hydrophobic spacers can reduce CMC dramatically. In this paper, self-assembling processes of double-chain and one-chain surfactants with the same head to tail ratio are compared. Dimeric chain structure is exactly double of single chain. In other words, hydrophilic-lyophilic balances of two chain models are the same. Two single chains are connected head-to-head to form a dimeric chain, without introducing extra head or tail beads as a spacer group. Premicellar, micellar, and shape/phase transition ranges of both models are investigated. To do this, lattice Monte Carlo simulation in canonical ensemble has been used. Results show that without introducing extra beads as spacer group, the CMC of (H3T3)2as a dimeric surfactant is much lower than the CMC of its similar single chain, H3T3. For dimeric case of study, it is shown that bolaform aggregates are formed.

Cystatins: a versatile family

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Esposito ◽  
Piero A. Temussi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Domain Swapping ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Misfolding Diseases ◽  
Plant Cystatin ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractCystatins are small proteins, typically composed of 100–120 amino acids, which together with similar proteins devoid of inhibitory properties, belong to a cystatin ‘superfamily’. Cystatins can do more than just inhibit proteases: two important aspects described here are aggregation properties linked to misfolding diseases and the unique ability of monellin, a plant cystatin, to elicit sweet taste. The explanation of the puzzling phenomenon of ‘sweet proteins’ required an in-depth structural study of monellin, also regarding the causes of the high thermal stability of its single chain structure. The detailed mechanisms by which cystatins aggregate could be relevant in the study of misfolding diseases involving cystatins. They are reviewed here with emphasis on 3D domain swapping, typical of aggregating cystatins. While studying monellin, we noticed that it aggregates in a conventional way, probably through the cross-β spine mechanism. However, several cystatins derived from oryzacystatin_I to emulate the taste behavior of monellin aggregate via different mechanisms.

Thermodynamics of Non-Dilute Polymer Solutions

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Solution Thermodynamics ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Dilute Polymer Solutions ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Θ Point

Abstract An excellent new text, “Macromolecules in Solution,” by A. Morawetz emphasizes advances in polymer solution thermodynamics since publication of standard texts such as those of Tompa and Flory. Detailed development of the subject from 1950 may be followed in articles on polymers in Annual Reviews of Physical Chemistry, and particularly in the articles appearing every three years specially devoted to solution properties: Flory and Krigbaum (1951), Wall and Hiller (1954), Hermans (1957), Casassa (1960) and Hughes and von Frankenberg (1963). The articles on solutions of non-electrolytes are, of course, always of general interest and often deal directly with polymer solutions or mixtures of chain molecules. Because of this very satisfactory situation, the author has decided that the best thing is to review in more detail the single topic which is most interesting to him. This is the thermodynamics of non-dilute solutions where it is usually supposed that the quasi-lattice theories of the 40's are quite adequate at concentrations greater than about 10 per cent. For fifteen years or so, interest has centered on very dilute polymer solutions and the dimensions of isolated polymer molecules, particularly at temperatures near the θ point. Increasingly difficult mathematical problems have followed the McMillan-Mayer comparison of solutions and imperfect gases first applied to polymer solutions by Zimm and Stockmayer. Polymer solution thermodynamics seems to have moved far beyond the intuitive questions of Meyer as to why a polymer solution differs from an ideal solution or from a mixture of a monomeric solute and solvent. However, certain results, apparently not very widely known, make one feel that such qualitative questions are not out of date and that the thermodynamics of concentrated polymer solutions may be open to much further development.

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