Equilibrium Constants and Substituent Effects in the Ionization of Aniline as a Base and the Ion-Pair Dissociation of Anilinium Acetate in Glacial Acetic Acid

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Ceska ◽  
Ernest. Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Ion Pair

Potentiometric determination of equilibrium constants of bases and perchlorates of protonated bases in glacial acetic acid using Superquad

2003 ◽  
Vol 375 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-830
Author(s):  
Giaan A. Álvarez-Romero ◽  
Alberto Rojas-Hernández ◽  
Guillermo A. Vázquez ◽  
Ma. Teresa Ramírez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Potentiometric Determination

REARRANGEMENT STUDIES WITH C14: V. THE SOLVOLYSIS OF 2-PHENYLETHYL-1-C14p-TOLUENESULPHONATE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lee ◽  
G. P. Slater ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Anhydrous Formic Acid

The solvolysis of 2-phenylethyl-1-C14p-toluenesulphonate in absolute ethanol, glacial acetic acid, 90% formic acid, and anhydrous formic acid gave rise to products which showed rearrangements of the C14-labeled atoms from the C-1 to the C-2 positions to the extent of 0.3%, 5.5%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. The results constitute an unequivocal proof that phenyl participation occurs in the reactions studied. The different degrees of rearrangement found for the different solvent systems are in agreement with the concept that the solvolysis process may have a range of mechanisms between the two extremes of the nucleophilic or SN2 type and the limiting or SN1 type. In the solvolysis in absolute ethanol, a small amount of "unreacted" 2-phenylethyl p-toluenesulphonate recovered from the reaction mixture was found to show isotope position rearrangement of almost the same degree as the ethanolysis product. This finding is tentatively attributed to the phenomenon of internal return involving an ethyl-phenonium p-toluenesulphonate ion-pair.

EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS OF ZINC(II) AND COPPER(II) WITH HEMATOPORPHYRIN IX

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (18) ◽  
pp. 2157-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Brisbin ◽  
R. J. Balahura
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Hematoporphyrin Ix

Equilibrium constants have been measured for the following displacement reactions between copper(II) and zinc(II) with hematoporphyrin IX.[Formula: see text]Preliminary measurements have also been made for the reactions of Mn(II) and Co(II) with hematoporphyrin IX in glacial acetic acid solutions.

SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN THE FLUORENE SERIES: I. SYNTHESIS AND ACETOLYSIS OF SOME DINITRO-9-FLUORENYL p-TOLUENESULFONATES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick F. Guzik ◽  
Allan K. Colter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Diazo Compounds

2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,7-Dinitrofluorenones (Ia, Ib, and Ic) were converted to 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenyl p-toluenesulfonates (IVa, IVb, and IVc) through the corresponding 9-diazo compounds (IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc). These diazo compounds were converted directly to the three dinitro-9-fluorenols (VIa, VIb, and VIc) and 9-fluorenyl acetates (Va, Vb, and Vc).Rates of acetolysis of the three p-toluenesulfonates (IVa, IVb, and IVc) were measured in glacial acetic acid at 50.17° and 70.07°. The results are discussed.

Synthesis and Caracterization of some New 1H-3-aryl-7-etoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Daniela Sofei ◽  
Maria Ilici ◽  
Valentin Badea ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
Vasile-Nicolae Bercean
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ir And Nmr Spectroscopy

The synthesis of 1H-3-aryl-7-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2) was carried out by cyclization of 1H-5-arylidenehydrazino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pyrazoles (1) in the presence of bromine using glacial acetic acid as solvent and sodium acetate as base. The new nine obtained compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Coordination state of cobalt(II) ions in solution and on a sulphonated organic polymer

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2330-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Maternová ◽  
Anastas A. Andreev ◽  
Dimitrii M. Shopov ◽  
Karel Setínek
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Octahedral Complex ◽  
Coordination State ◽  
Tetrahedral Symmetry ◽  
Liquid Acid ◽  
Homogeneous Phase ◽  
Bromide Ion

It was found spectroscopically that cobalt(II) acetate dissolved in glacial acetic acid forms the octahedral complex [Co(OAc)2(HOAc)4] which in the presence of bromide ions gives the octahedral [Co(OAc)Br(HOAc)4] and tetrahedral bromo(acetate)cobalt(II) complexes with the higher number of Br- ions. When attached to an organic polymer cobalt(II) ions are bonded in the form of octahedral [Co(H2O)6]2+ cations which form with acetic acid similar complexes as in homogeneous phase and are able to coordinate one bromide ion. Drying the copolymer possessing octahedral hexaaquocobalt(II) cations leads to tetrahedral aquocomplexes which are solvated by gaseous acetic acid and converted into the acetate complexes with the liquid acid. The latter contain the acid in the inner coordination sphere and have tetrahedral symmetry.

scholarly journals Nitration of Jharia basin coals, India: a study of structural modifications by XRD and FTIR techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabal Boral ◽  
Atul K. Varma ◽  
Sudip Maity
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Media

AbstractFour coal samples from Jharia basin, India are treated with nitric acid in glacial acetic acid and aqueous media to find out the chemical, petrographic and spatial structure of the organic mass by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. X-ray parameters of coal like interlayer spacing (d002), crystallite size (Lc), aroamticity (fa), average number of aromatic layers (Nc), and coal rank (I26/I20) have been determined using profile-fitting software. Considerable variation is observed in treated coals in comparison to the demineralized coals. The d002 values of treated coals have increased in both the media showing increase in disordering of organic moieties. A linear relationship has been observed between d002 values with the volatile matter of the coals. Similarly, the d002 values show linear relationship with Cdmf contents for demineralized as well as for the treated coals in both the media. The Lc and Nc values have decreased in treated coals corresponding to demineralized coals. The present study shows that nitration in both the media is capable of removing the aliphatic side chains from the coals and aromaticity (fa) increases with increase in rank and shows a linear relationship with the vitrinite reflectance. The corresponding I26/I20 values are least for treated coals in glacial acetic acid medium followed by raw and then to treated coals in aqueous medium. FTIR studies show that coal arenes of the raw coals are converted into nitro-arenes in structurally modified coals (SMCs) in both the media, the corresponding bands at 1550–1490 and 1355–1315 cm−1 respectively. FTIR study confirms that nitration is the predominant phenomenon, though, oxidation and nitration phenomena takes place simultaneously during treatment with nitric acid to form SMCs. In comparison to raw coals, the SMCs show higher aromaticity and may be easily converted to coal derived products like activated carbon and specialty carbon materials.

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