Combined Approach to the Choice of Chromatographic Methods for Routine Determination of Hederacoside C in Ivy Leaf Extracts, Capsules, and Syrup

Developed methods for routine analysis of medicines should be considered in terms of analytical efficiency, economic cost, as well as their environmental impact. Different chromatographic methods for the routine quantitative analysis of hederacoside C in ivy leaf extract and its original dosage forms (capsules and syrup) are developed. The performance of HPLC and UPLC methods should be done using ACE C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) and ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) columns, respectively, and both of them require a mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 71/29 as a mobile phase. The HPTLC procedure is carried out using the stationary phase pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 glass sheets and a mixture of anhydrous formic acid/acetone/methanol/ethyl acetate (4:20:20:30 v/v). The most suitable conditions of preparation for each sample are established, for instance, the solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the analysis of syrup is applied. Analytical methods are compered by analytical accuracy, calculation of expenses, and assessment of their influence on ecology. All methods are recognized as accurate, precise, and reliable. However, the assessment of the environmental impact shows that HPTLC is the less green method. On the another hand, it is found to be the cheapest, the costs of performing HPTLC are 2.3 and 1.6 times lower than for HPLC and UPLC, respectively.

Basic Chromium(III) Formate: Reaction of Chromiiim(III) Chloride with Formic Acid

Chromium(III) Chloride, Basic Chromium(III) Formate, IR, Thermogravimetry, Magnetic Moment Chromium(III) chloride reacts with anhydrous formic acid to give basic chromium(III) formate [Cr3O(OOCH)6(H2O)2(HCOOH)](OOCH), HCOOH. Its reactions with bases (B) give compounds of the general composition [Cr30(C00CH)6(B)3](00CH). The title compound has been characterized by infrared spectral data, temperature range (266-110K) magnetic moment and thermogravimetry.

Formic acid solvent system. II. Conductance and solvation studies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in formic acid

Conductances of some 1 : 1 electrolytes have been measured in the concentration range (5-100) x 10-3 mol l-1 in anhydrous formic acid at 25�. The conductance data have been analysed by Fuoss-Shedlovsky equations. Transference numbers of sodium and potassium formates have been measured in this solvent at 25� by a modified Hittorf's method in the concentration range (3-80) x mol l-1. Ionic mobilities, effective ionic radii and solvation numbers of various ions in solution have been calculated. Solvation of cations decreases with the increase in the crystal radii of the ions.

Preparation and Characterization of Silicon(IV) Formate

Silicon(IV) formate has been prepared by the reaction of silicon(IV) chloride and anhydrous formic acid. The compound has been characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetry and infrared spectral data.

Zirconium and Oxozirconium(IV) Formates

Tetraformatozirconium(IV), Zr(OOCH)4 and diformatoxozirconium(IV)dihydrate, ZrO(OOCH)2 · 2 H2O have been prepared by the reactions of tetrachlorozirconium(IV) and dichloroxozirconium(IV) with anhydrous formic acid, respectively. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, thermogravimetry and infrared spectral data. The compounds are nonelectrolytes in nitrobenzene and have polymeric structures.