Influence of the Conditions of Zincate on the Electroless Brass Plating of Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 3837-3843
Author(s):  
Carlos Domínguez-Ríos ◽  
Georgina Gardea-Hernández ◽  
Roal Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Lileana Licea-Jiménez ◽  
Arturo Mendoza-Galván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brass Plating

Elastomeric Adhesion and Adhesives

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Weidner ◽  
G. J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Metal Bonding ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Synthetic Resins ◽  
Comprehensive Text ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
The University ◽  
Printing Ink ◽  
Case Institute

Abstract An increasing number of papers in the field of adhesion have been appearing in Rubber Chemistry & Technology. In the period 1941–1950 twenty-two papers appeared in this Journal covering various aspects of adhesion, whereas in the year 1959 alone eleven papers appear. The Rubber Division Library at the University of Akron has compiled bibliographies as follows: Bibliography # 10, “Use of Synthetic Resins in Natural and Synthetic Rubbers”, covering the period 1930–1952; Bibliography # 18, “Rubber to Metal Bonding”, in two parts, one covering the period 1937–1954 and a supplement covering 1955–1958; and Bibliography #20, “Reclaim Rubber Cements”, covering the period 1927–1954. In addition, special bibliographies were prepared covering the period 1949–1958 on the subjects “Rubber to Wood Adhesives”, “Rubber to Fabric Adhesives”, “Bonding of Polyurethanes”, “Metal to Metal Adhesives”, and “Chemistry of Rubber Adhesives”. The most comprehensive text in the field is “Adhesion and Adhesives” edited by N. A. DeBruyne and R. Houwink. More limited in scope are “Adhesive Bonding of Metals” by Epstein, “Adhesives for Wood” by Knight, “Adhesive Bonding of Reinforced Plastics” by Perry. Also “Rubber to Metal Bonding” by Buchan, which stresses the brass plating technic. Skeist has recently edited a “Handbook of Adhesives”. The Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology contains articles on “Adhesives” in Volume I and the First Supplement Volume. Various symposia have been sources of worthwhile papers on adhesion. The Division of Paint, Plastics, and Printing Ink Chemistry, ACS, published such papers in their preprint booklets, volume XV, No. 1 (1955) and volume XX, No. 1 (1960). Papers given at this division's “Recent Advances in Adhesives” symposium in 1957 are also published. Publication of papers at two symposia held in 1952 (Society of The Chemical Industry, London; Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland) form a valuable collection. Papers from The Second International Congress of Surface Activity in London in 1957 are also published. Papers from a Symposium on Adhesion held by the Society of Rheology in 1959 are published in volume IV of the Society's Transactions. General review articles on adhesion with extensive bibliographies were published as follows : Rinker-Kline “Survey of Adhesives and Adhesion; Kline-Reinhart “Fundamentals of Adhesion”; Brantley-Charnell “Investigation of the Nature of Forces of Adhesion”; Reinhart-Callomon “Survey of Adhesion and Adhesives” and Rutzler “Types of Bonds Involved in Adhesion”. The Reinhart-Callomon survey is quite extensive in its bibliography.

Bonding

1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
B. J. Habgood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
New Method ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chloro Derivatives ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract 1. Neoprene and rubber can be bonded directly, provided that: (a) the composition of the two stocks are balanced; (b) the stocks are kept warm; (c) bonding is carried out with the minimum of delay. 2. Neoprene and rubber can be bonded by other methods which give greater latitude of working: (a) by the use of a high concentration of accelerator at the interface; (b) by the use of a tie-gum mix made from butadiene rubber (preferably sodium-polymerized); (c) by the use of mixtures of Neoprene, chloro derivatives of rubber, either alone or admixed with rubber. Partially hydrochlorinated rubber is particularly useful in this direction. 3. Synthetic rubbers can be bonded one to another or to natural rubber either directly or through the medium of sodium-butadiene rubber. 4. The bonding of rubber to metal has been considered and the main methods discussed, including bonding by means of ebonite; alloys, particularly brass; cyclorubbers, Thermoprenes, and cements. 5. The bonding of synthetic rubbers to metals has been examined and a new method of bonding Neoprene to a variety of metals, including iron, steel, aluminum, zinc, and lead, has been worked out, using a solution of chlorinated rubber as bonding agent. 6. By combining the various methods described in this paper, rubber may be bonded to metals such as aluminum without brass plating.

Brass plating of steel billets for tube sheets

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-325
Author(s):  
V. G. D'yakov ◽  
I. M. Kremenetskii
Keyword(s):  
Brass Plating

Studies on Brass Plating

1943 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Clarke ◽  
W. N. Bradshaw ◽  
E. E. Longhurst
Keyword(s):  
Brass Plating

Adhesion of Rubber to Brass Plate

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
Brass Plate ◽  
General Production ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
High Level

Abstract The brass-plating process is one of the most important methods of bonding rubber to metal. It consists of depositing a thin layer of copper zinc alloy on the surface of the metal. The rubber is then moulded in contact with the brass deposit, and in most cases, a strong bond is established during vulcanization. Even, however, when all precautions are taken, bond failures occur, often with no obvious cause, so the process is still somewhat suspect. It is only fair to say, however, that this variability appears to be common to most methods of bonding rubber to metal, and that in general production a high level of adhesion is maintained.

Examination of Rubber-Brass Inter-Reacted Layer of Steel Cord by Cross Sectional TEM Observation

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Yamauchi ◽  
Toshi Shimizu ◽  
Mitch Doi ◽  
David Yasunaga ◽  
Takenori Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brass Plate ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Brass Plating

Abstract Cross sectional TEM observation was conducted with the aim of investigating the interfacial reaction of commercially manufactured steel cord and rubber during vulcanization. At the initial phase of the reaction, an inter-reacted layer was uniformly generated regardless of uneven brass thickness. As vulcanization progresses, the thickness of the interreacted layer becomes uneven, i.e. the thicker the brass plate, the thicker the inter-reacted layer becomes. Thus, the inter-reacted layer grows unevenly making a mirror image of the uneven brass plate, while a Zn-rich brass layer was formed between the brass plating and the inter-reacted layer.

Effects of Salt Corrosion on the Adhesion of Brass Plated Steel Cord to Rubber

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ishikawa ◽  
Shinji Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

Abstract Adhesion loss caused by salt corrosion is proposed to occur by the following process: 1) During a salt corrosion test, the NaCl solution rises in the cavity located at the steel-cord center. 2) An electrochemical oxygen concentration cell is formed. 3) OH− is produced by the reduction of oxygen. 4) An increase of the NaOH concentration causes the reverse of ion tendency between brass and steel. 5) Dezincification and dissolution of brass take place in the brass plating. The same process also occurs in the corrosion of a bare brass plated steel cord immersed in NaCl solution. Compounds containing cobalt stearate and a compound free from cobalt show adhesion deterioration by the process described above. Many other cobalt salts suppress the corrosion of brass in NaCl solution. At the same time, the underlying steel changes to become ignoble compared with brass, leading to the production of a large amount of rust. In view of the above considerations, it is desirable to remove the cavity located at the steel-cord center in order to suppress the steel-cord corrosion. Use of an open type of steel cord is useful in this respect.

Brass-Plating

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-932
Author(s):  
W. A. Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Total Metal Content ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Brass Plating

Abstract Although brass-plating is the best known method of attaching rubber to iron or steel, it is still regarded in many quarters as something of an art or mystery, with a considerable element of uncertainty entering into the process. The brass-plating bath consists essentially of copper and zinc cyanides dissolved in sodium or potassium cyanide, with a total metal content of about 3 ounces per gallon. The composition of the alloy deposited varies with the ratio of copper to zinc in the bath, the pH, the temperature, the current density, and the amount of certain other substances, such as ammonia. Most writers on the subject have endeavored to eliminate the uncertainty by a rigorous specification of the formula of the plating bath, and the conditions under which it is to be used. In his experience, however, the composition of a plating bath can vary widely, and still give plating satisfactory for adhesion. The composition of plate deposited depends on a balance of several factors, and in most published formulas, one or more of these factors is omitted. For example, the pH is often not specified and yet it is possible to deposit a range of brasses from pure copper to pure zinc merely by the change in pH, in any particular bath.

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