New Insight into the Nature of Cu(TCNQ):  Solution Routes to Two Distinct Polymorphs and Their Relationship to Crystalline Films That Display Bistable Switching Behavior

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Heintz ◽  
Hanhua Zhao ◽  
Xiang Ouyang ◽  
Giulio Grandinetti ◽  
Jerry Cowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Bistable Switching ◽  
Crystalline Films ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Solution Routes

CHARGE TRANSPORT THROUGH CARBON NANOTUBE OR FULLERENE–MOLECULE–SILICON JUNCTIONS

NANO ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
FU-REN F. FAN ◽  
BO CHEN ◽  
AUSTEN K. FLATT ◽  
JAMES M. TOUR ◽  
ALLEN J. BARD
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Negative Differential Resistance ◽  
Fullerene Molecule ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Bistable Switching

We report here the current–voltage (i–V) characteristics of several (n++- Si /MNOPE/ C 60/ Pt -tip) or (n++- Si /MNOPE/SWCNT/ Pt -tip) junctions, where MNOPE = 2'-mononitro-4, 4'-bis(phenylethynyl)-1-phenylenediazonium and SWCNT = single wall carbon nanotube. A layer of C 60 or SWCNT-derivatized MNOPE has strong effect on the i–V behavior of the junctions, including rectification, negative differential resistance (NDR) and switching behaviors. The i–V curve of a grafted molecular monolayer (GMM) of MNOPE atop n++- Si shows NDR behavior, whereas those of C 60- and SWCNT-derivatized GMMs of MNOPE on n++- Si show strong rectifying behavior with opposite rectification polarities. With C 60, larger currents were found with negative tip bias, while with SWCNT, the forward top bias was positive. Because C 60 tends to be a good electron acceptor and SWCNTs tend to be good electron donors, they show different i–V behavior, as observed. Some of the (n++- Si /MNOPE/SWCNT/ Pt -tip) junctions also show reversible bistable switching behavior.

Floating Body Induced Transient Characteristics in Polycrystalline Silicon TFTs

2000 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Z. Xu ◽  
F.J. Clough ◽  
E.M.S. Narayanan ◽  
R. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Body Effect ◽  
Transient Characteristics ◽  
Floating Body Effect ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Numerical Simulator

ABSTRACTThe floating body induced transient characteristics in polycrystalline silicon TFTs is reported. An obvious current surge, arising from the floating body effect, is observed. Using a 2D numerical simulator and comparisons to SIMOX FETs, the insight into the mechanisms governing the experimentally observed switching behavior of poly-Si devices is obtained. It is found that the defect states in poly-Si cause the current surge and exert an effect equivalent to doping in SIMOX FETs.

SURFACE LOCALIZATION OF ELECTRONS IN ULTRATHIN CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450023 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOVAN P. ŠETRAJČIĆ ◽  
STEVAN ARMAKOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR J. ŠETRAJČIĆ ◽  
LJUBIŠA D. DŽAMBAS
Keyword(s):  
Film Structure ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Crystalline Films ◽  
Surface Localization ◽  
Hamiltonian Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Localization Of Electrons

Electron subsystem of ultrathin films was analyzed using Green's function method including quantum size effect and effect of boundaries on Hamiltonian parameters. We have calculated basic physical properties of electrons in crystalline films: energy spectra, possible states, space distribution of electrons and the position of Fermi level, which enabled the complete insight into the thermodynamic or conducting characteristics of observed film-structure. The comparison with crystal bulk have shown that electronic properties of the materials are strongly influenced by both the sample dimensions and boundary conditions. The numerical calculations performed for very thin crystalline metallic-like films show that localized states and spatial distribution of the (quasi)free electrons might be manipulated by varying the surface parameters which is significant for operation of devices based on thin films.

RACETRACK ADD-DROP RESONATOR WITH AN ORGANIC COVER FOR NONLINEAR SWITCHING ENHANCEMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250030 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. FRAILE-PELÁEZ ◽  
P. CHAMORRO-POSADA ◽  
R. GÓMEZ-ALCALÁ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Bistable Switching ◽  
Nonlinear Switching

In this paper we propose and analyze numerically an hybrid nonlinear microring structure implemented in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform with a cover of organic material. We study its (off-resonance) bistable switching behavior, as well as its resonant operation (add-drop), and asses the effect of the organic material, namely 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethynyl} buta-1,3-diene-1,1,4,4-tetracarbonitrile, in the device performance.

Growth, Behavior, and Applications of Strained InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum well Based Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Reflection Modulators

1991 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kezhong Hu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
A. Madhukar ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
Q. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Well ◽  
Multiple Quantum Well ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Photonic Switches ◽  
Bistable Switching ◽  
Fabry Perot

We report the realization of all-optical photonic switches using strained InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well based inverted cavity asymmetric Fabry-Perot reflection modulators monolithically integrated with GaAs/AlGaAs based heterojunction phototransistors. The photonic switches show both bistable and non-bistable switching behavior with a contrast ratio of 12:1 and optical gain of 2 to 4 dB. The design and growth considerations for such an integrated structure are also discussed.

scholarly journals Efficient and stochastic mouse action switching during probabilistic decision making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia C Beron ◽  
Shay Q Neufeld ◽  
Scott W Linderman ◽  
Bernardo L Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Mouse Behavior ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Action Value ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Reduced Action ◽  
Selection Of

To gain insight into the process by which animals choose between actions, we trained mice in a two-armed bandit task with time-varying reward probabilities. Whereas past work has modeled the selection of the higher rewarding port in such tasks, we sought to also model the trial-to-trial changes in port selection − i.e. the action switching behavior. We find that mouse behavior deviates from the theoretically optimal agent performing Bayesian inference in a hidden Markov model (HMM). Instead the strategy of mice can be well-described by a set of models that we demonstrate are mathematically equivalent: a logistic regression, drift diffusion model, and ′sticky′ Bayesian model. Here we show that switching behavior of mice is characterized by several components that are conserved across models, namely a stochastic action policy, a representation of action value, and a tendency to repeat actions despite incoming evidence. When fit to mouse behavior, the expected reward under these models lies near a plateau of the value landscape even in changing reward probability contexts. These results indicate that mouse behavior reaches near-maximal performance with reduced action switching and can be described by models with a small number of relatively fixed-parameters.

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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