Carbon Source Dependence of Cell Surface Composition and Demulsifying Capability ofAlcaligenessp. S-XJ-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 3056-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Huang ◽  
Kaiming Peng ◽  
Lijun Lu ◽  
Ruofei Wang ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Composition

Cellulase location in Cellvibrio fulvus

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Berg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Differential Rate

The location of cellulase in C. fulvus depends on the carbon source for growth and the age of the culture. When cells were grown on glucose or cellobiose all CMC-hydrolyzing enzyme was cell-bound but only part of the activity was located on the cell surface. Treatment of cells with EDTA, lysozyme, and detergents and subsequent fractionation experiments showed that cellulase was also located in the periplasm and bound to a membrane fraction.Growth on cellulose gave cell-free cellulase active against CMC. The enzyme was repressed by glucose but formed at a constant differential rate on cellobiose and amylose. This rate was 8–10 times lower than on cellulose and possible reasons for this are discussed.

scholarly journals Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the discrimination of Arthrobacter strains based on variations in cell surface composition

The Analyst ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (18) ◽  
pp. 4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Stephen ◽  
Darren Homrighausen ◽  
Glen DePalma ◽  
Cindy H. Nakatsu ◽  
Joseph Irudayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman

The Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the Study of Oral Streptococcal Cell Surfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Van Der Mei ◽  
H.J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray

Physicochemical and structural properties of microbial cell surfaces play an important role in their adhesion to surfaces and are determined by the chemical composition of the outermost cell surface. Many traditional methods used to determine microbial cell wall composition require fractionation of the organisms and consequently do not yield information about the composition of the outermost cell surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measures the elemental composition of the outermost cell surfaces of micro-organisms. The technique requires freeze-drying of the organisms, but, nevertheless, elemental surface concentration ratios of oral streptococcal cell surfaces with peritrichously arranged surface structures showed good relationships with physicochemical properties measured under physiological conditions, such as zeta potentials. Isoelectric points ap-peared to be governed by the relative abundance of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups on the cell surfaces. Also, the intrinsic microbial cell-surface hydrophobicity by water contact angles related to the cell-surface composition as by XPS and was highest for strains with an elevated isoelectric point. Inclusion of elemental surface compositions for tufted streptococcal strains caused deterioration of the relationships found. Interestingly, hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of the elemental surface compositions revealed that, of 36 different streptococcal strains, only four S. rattus as well as nine S. mitis strains were located in distinct groups, well separated from the other streptococcal strains, which were all more or less mixed in one group.

scholarly journals Interfacial Interactions between Protective, Surface-Engineered Shells and Encapsulated Bacteria with Different Cell Surface Composition

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wei ◽  
Xiao-Yu Yang ◽  
Wei Geng ◽  
Henny C. Van der Mei ◽  
Henk J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Interfacial Interactions ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Bacterial Surfaces ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Encapsulation Methods

Surface-engineered encapsulation is a non-genetic method to protect living organisms against harsh environmental conditions. Different cell encapsulation methods exist, yielding shells with different interfacial-interactions with encapsulated, bacterial surfaces. However, the...

SUGAR COMPOSITION OF MAMMALIAN CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE: A FUNCTION OF CARBON SOURCE

1978 ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENIC PAOLINI ◽  
LINDA HUMPHREY ◽  
FEDERICO GONZALEZ ◽  
JOSEPH COLOFIORE ◽  
PETER ROSSOW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Cell Surface Membrane

scholarly journals Sperm exocytosis increases the amount of PH-20 antigen on the surface of guinea pig sperm.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Cowan ◽  
P Primakoff ◽  
D G Myles
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Feature ◽  
Sperm Surface ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Head Surface

Evidence has been presented that the PH-20 protein functions in sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida (Primakoff, P., H. Hyatt, and D. G. Myles, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:2239-2244). The PH-20 protein migrates from its original surface domain to a new surface domain after the acrosome reaction (Myles, D. G., and P. Primakoff, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1634-1641). The acrosome reaction is an exocytotic event that results in insertion of a region of the secretory granule membrane, the inner acrosomal membrane (IAM), into the plasma membrane. After the acrosome reaction, PH-20 protein migrates to the IAM from its initial domain on the posterior head surface. We have now found a new dynamic feature of the regulation of PH-20 protein on the sperm surface; exocytosis increases the surface expression of PH-20 protein. After the acrosome reaction there is an approximately threefold increase in the number of PH-20 antigenic sites on the sperm surface. These new antigenic sites are revealed on the surface by insertion of the IAM into the plasma membrane. Our evidence indicates that before the acrosome reaction an intracellular population of PH-20 antigen is localized to the IAM. When migration of the surface population of the PH-20 protein is prevented, PH-20 protein can still be detected on the IAM of acrosome-reacted sperm. Also, PH-20 protein can be detected on the IAM of permeabilized acrosome-intact sperm by indirect immunofluorescence. Thus, the sperm cell regulates the amount of PH-20 protein on its surface by sequestering about two-thirds of the protein on an intracellular membrane and subsequently exposing this population on the cell surface by an exocytotic event. This may be a general mechanism for regulating cell surface composition where a rapid increase in the amount of a cell surface protein is required.

Biosurfactant production and diauxic growth of Rhodococcus aurantiacus when using n-alkanes as the carbon source

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ramsay ◽  
J. McCarthy ◽  
L. Guerra-Santos ◽  
O. Kappeli ◽  
A. Fiechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Diauxic Growth ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

When grown on hydrocarbons, Rhodococcus aurantiacus produced four glycolipid biosurfactants which could lower the surface tension of distilled, deionized water to between 26 and 30 nM∙m−1. The biosurfactants were found both extracellularly and associated with the cells. They could be extracted with solvents such as chloroform and pentane. Greater quantities of biosurfactant were produced when NaNO3 was used in place of (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source. When grown on n-alkanes using (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source, R. aurantiacus exhibited an unusual form of diauxic growth. Data suggested that the mechanism of diauxy involved changes in the degree of cell-surface hydrophobicity which resulted in hydrocarbon-transport limitation.

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