Cellulase location in Cellvibrio fulvus

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Berg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Differential Rate

The location of cellulase in C. fulvus depends on the carbon source for growth and the age of the culture. When cells were grown on glucose or cellobiose all CMC-hydrolyzing enzyme was cell-bound but only part of the activity was located on the cell surface. Treatment of cells with EDTA, lysozyme, and detergents and subsequent fractionation experiments showed that cellulase was also located in the periplasm and bound to a membrane fraction.Growth on cellulose gave cell-free cellulase active against CMC. The enzyme was repressed by glucose but formed at a constant differential rate on cellobiose and amylose. This rate was 8–10 times lower than on cellulose and possible reasons for this are discussed.

Carbon Source Dependence of Cell Surface Composition and Demulsifying Capability ofAlcaligenessp. S-XJ-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 3056-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Huang ◽  
Kaiming Peng ◽  
Lijun Lu ◽  
Ruofei Wang ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Composition

SUGAR COMPOSITION OF MAMMALIAN CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE: A FUNCTION OF CARBON SOURCE

1978 ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENIC PAOLINI ◽  
LINDA HUMPHREY ◽  
FEDERICO GONZALEZ ◽  
JOSEPH COLOFIORE ◽  
PETER ROSSOW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Cell Surface Membrane

Biosurfactant production and diauxic growth of Rhodococcus aurantiacus when using n-alkanes as the carbon source

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ramsay ◽  
J. McCarthy ◽  
L. Guerra-Santos ◽  
O. Kappeli ◽  
A. Fiechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Diauxic Growth ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

When grown on hydrocarbons, Rhodococcus aurantiacus produced four glycolipid biosurfactants which could lower the surface tension of distilled, deionized water to between 26 and 30 nM∙m−1. The biosurfactants were found both extracellularly and associated with the cells. They could be extracted with solvents such as chloroform and pentane. Greater quantities of biosurfactant were produced when NaNO3 was used in place of (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source. When grown on n-alkanes using (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source, R. aurantiacus exhibited an unusual form of diauxic growth. Data suggested that the mechanism of diauxy involved changes in the degree of cell-surface hydrophobicity which resulted in hydrocarbon-transport limitation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multiple-Substrate Utilization by Anthracene-Degrading Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6133-6142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Y. Wick ◽  
Natacha Pasche ◽  
Stefano M. Bernasconi ◽  
Oliver Pelz ◽  
Hauke Harms
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Stable carbon isotope analysis of biomass and analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA), and mycolic acids were used to characterize mixed-substrate utilization by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T under various substrate regimens. The distinct 13C contents of anthracene and glucose as representatives of typical hydrophobic pollutants and naturally occurring organic compounds, respectively, were monitored during formation into biomass and used to quantify the relative contributions of the two carbon sources to biomass formation. Moreover, the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on PLFA, GLFA, and mycolic acid profiles and cell surface hydrophobicity was investigated. Results revealed that M. frederiksbergense LB501T degrades anthracene and forms biomass from it even in the presence of more readily available dissolved glucose. The relative ratios of straight-chain saturated PLFA to the corresponding unsaturated PLFA and the total fraction of saturated cyclopropyl-branched PLFA of M. frederiksbergense LB501T depended on the carbon source and the various rates of addition of mixed substrates, whereas no such trend was observed with GLFA. Higher proportions of anthracene in the carbon source mixture led to higher cell surface hydrophobicities and more-hydrophobic mycolic acids, which in turn appeared to be valuable indicators for substrate utilization by M. frederiksbergense LB501T. The capability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria to utilize readily available substrates besides the poorly available PAHs favors the buildup of PAH-degrading biomass. Feeding of supplementary carbon substrates may therefore promote bioremediation, provided that it sustains the pollutant-degrading population rather than other members of the microbial community.

scholarly journals Influence of carbon source on cell surface topology of Thermomonospora curvata.

1992 ◽  
Vol 174 (21) ◽  
pp. 7048-7052 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Hostalka ◽  
A Moultrie ◽  
F Stutzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Topology

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Bacillus subtilis BL-27, a Strain with Weak Hydrophobicity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jiahui Lin ◽  
Junzhang Lin ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Shuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Rpod Gene

The biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons has many potential applications and has attracted much attention recently. The hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium BL-27 was isolated from petroleum-polluted soil and was compounded with surfactants to improve biodegradation. Its 16S rDNA and rpoD gene sequences indicated that it was a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Strain BL-27 had extensive adaptability and degradability within a broad range of temperatures (25–50 °C), pH (4.0–10.0) and salinity (0–50 g/L NaCl). Under optimal conditions (45 °C, pH 7.0, 1% NaCl), the strain was able to degrade 65% of crude oil (0.3%, w/v) within 5 days using GC-MS analysis. Notably, strain BL-27 had weak cell surface hydrophobicity. The adherence rate of BL-27 to n-hexadecane was 29.6% with sucrose as carbon source and slightly increased to 33.5% with diesel oil (0.3%, w/v) as the sole carbon source, indicating that the cell surface of BL-27 is relatively hydrophilic. The strain was tolerant to SDS, Tween 80, surfactin, and rhamnolipids at a concentration of 500 mg/L. The cell surface hydrophobicity reduced more with the addition of surfactants, while the chemical dispersants, SDS (50–100 mg/L) and Tween 80 (200–500 mg/L), significantly increased the strain’s ability to biodegrade, reaching 75–80%. These results indicated that BL-27 has the potential to be used for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants and could have promising applications in the petrochemical industry.

scholarly journals KAJIAN ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DALAM MENURUNKAN KOLESTEROL SECARA IN VITRO DENGAN KEBERADAAN OLIGOSAKARIDA (A Study In Vitro of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolates on Cholesterol Lowering Ability in The Presence of Oligosaccharides)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yati Maryati ◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Cholesterol Reduction ◽  
Cholesterol Binding

This work evaluated the abilities of five isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from different sources, i.e Lactobacillus fermentum S21209 and Lactobacillus plantarum 1-S27202 from tempe, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A38 from human breast milk and a commercially available human isolates Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC0051 in lowering cholesterol by in vitro and metabolizing the prebiotic oligosaccharide compounds. The effects of oligosaccharide compounds on the performance of the LAB isolates in lowering cholesterol were also evaluated. The tests were done in MRS based medium in vitro with or without oligosaccharides i.e. galactooligosacharrides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, hydrolyzed inulin or combination of oligosaccharides as prebiotics. The results revealed that all isolates were able to reduce cholesterol in the medium, and the highest cholesterol reduction was observed for L. acidophilus FNCC0051 and L. rhamnosus R23. There are two different mechanism in the loweringof cholesterol; cholesterol assimilation and cholesterol binding on the cell surface. For the case of P. pentosaceus 1-A38, it involves the assimilation, while the other four isolates may involve cholesterol binding on the cell surface. In addition, the tested LAB’s has different ability to use prebiotics, as shown by the reduction of total sugar in the medium. Oligosaccharides metabolism by L. acidophilus FNCC0051 and L. rhamnosus R23 resulted in several organic acid and SCFA with lactic acid produced as the largest proportion followed by acetic acid. Furthermore, the proportion of propionic and butyric acids were influenced by the type of isolates and carbon source. L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 was able to reduce cholesterol in the MRS based medium with oligosaccharides and their combination as carbon source and cholesterol reducing ability seems to involve both assimilation and cholesterol binding on the cell surface.Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), oligosaccharides, synbiotic, cholesterol reduction, prebioticsABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengevaluasi lima isolat bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dari sumber yang berbeda, yaitu Lactobacillus fermentum S21209 dan Lactobacillus plantarum 1-S27202 dari tempe, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 dan Pediococcus pentosaceus 1-A38 dari ASI dan isolat komersial Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 dari percernaan manusia dalam kemampuannya menurunkan kolesterol secara in vitro dan kemampuannya memetabolisme senyawa oligosakarida prebiotik. Pengaruh senyawa oligosakarida terhadap kemampuan isolat BAL terpilih untuk menurunkan kolesterol juga dievaluasi. Pengujian dilakukan pada media berbasis MRS dengan atau tanpa oligosakarida terdiri dari galaktooligosakarida (GOS), fruktooligosakarida (FOS), inulin, hidrolisat inulin atau kombinasi oligosakarida sebagai prebiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat mampu menurunkan kolesterol, dan penurunan kolesterol tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat L. acidophilus FNCC0051 dan L. rhamnosus R23. Penurunan kolesterol diduga terjadi melalui dua cara yang berbeda. Mekanisme penurunan kolesterol oleh isolat P. pentosaceus 1-A38 melibatkan asimilasi kolesterol, sedangkan pada keempat isolat lainnya kemungkinan melibatkan pengikatan kolesterol pada permukaan sel. Selain itu, isolat BAL juga memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam memanfaatkan oligosakarida prebiotik, terlihat pada penurunan total gula dalam medium. Metabolisme senyawa oligosakarida oleh L. acidophilus FNCC0051 dan L. rhamnosus R23 menghasilkan beberapa asam organik termasuk SCFA dengan proporsi terbesar asam laktat diikuti oleh asam asetat. Selain itu, proporsi asam propionat dan butirat dipengaruhi oleh jenis isolat dan sumber karbon. L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 mampu menurunkan kolesterol dalam media berbasis MRS dengan keberadaan oligosakarida baik tunggal maupun kombinasi sebagai sumber karbon dan melibatkan mekanisme baik asimilasi dan pengikatan kolesterol pada permukaan sel.Kata kunci: Bakteri asam laktat (BAL), oligosakarida, sinbiotik, penurunan kolesterol, prebiotik

scholarly journals Photo-orientation of nematic liquid crystal without preliminary cell surface treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Shvetsov ◽  
Alexander V. Emelyanenko ◽  
Miron A. Bugakov ◽  
Natalia I. Boiko ◽  
Victor Ya. Zyryanov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal
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