scholarly journals Effect of a cod protein hydrolysate on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy subjects: a double-blind cross-over trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Einar Lied ◽  
Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

AbstractThe increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), calls for more knowledge on dietary treatments targeting the specific metabolic pathways involved in these conditions. Several studies have shown a protein preload before a meal to be effective in lowering the postprandial glycaemic response in healthy individuals and patients with T2DM. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a marine protein hydrolysate (MPH) from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy, middle-aged to elderly subjects. This double-blind cross-over trial (n 41) included two study days with 4–7 d wash-out in between. The intervention consisted of 20 mg of MPH (or casein as control) per kg body weight given before a breakfast meal. The primary outcome was postprandial response in glucose metabolism, measured by samples of serum glucose, insulin and plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in 20 min intervals for 180 min. In a mixed-model regression analysis, no differences were observed between MPH and control for postprandial glucose concentration (mean difference: −0·04 (95 % CI –0·17, 0·09) mmol/l; P = 0·573) or GLP-1 concentration (mean difference between geometric means: 1·02 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·06) pmol/l; P = 0·250). The postprandial insulin concentration was significantly lower after MPH compared with control (mean difference between geometric means: 1·067 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·13) mIU/l; P = 0·032). Our findings demonstrate that a single dose of MPH before a breakfast meal reduces postprandial insulin secretion, without affecting blood glucose response or GLP-1 levels, in healthy individuals. Further studies with repeated dosing and in target groups with abnormal glucose control are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of a cod protein hydrolysate on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy subjects: a double-blind cross-over trial — CORRIGENDUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Einar Lied ◽  
Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Double Blind

scholarly journals Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: an RCT in healthy adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 2449-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chih Chen ◽  
Harry A. Smith ◽  
Aaron Hengist ◽  
Oliver J. Chrzanowski-Smith ◽  
Ulla Ramer Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Calcium Citrate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Whey Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Milk Minerals

Abstract Purpose To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L−1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L−1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L−1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L−1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L−1 120 min). Conclusions When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.

scholarly journals Does eating a reheated starchy carbohydrate meal improve postprandial glycaemia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Robertson ◽  
Jonathan Brown ◽  
Barbara Fielding ◽  
Nicola Jackson ◽  
Roman Hovorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reheating Process ◽  
Postprandial Insulin ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

AbstractIncreased postprandial glycaemia and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Maintaining a normal glucose response is important both for healthy individuals, for disease prevention, and for those with T2D, to prevent development of diabetes-related complications. Chilling previously-cooked starchy carbohydrate (CHO) results in retrogradation of some of the starch to form resistant starch (RS). RS is not absorbed in the small intestine and consequently does not contribute to the postprandial glucose excursion. Reheating the CHO, however, reverses this process, reducing some of the RS content. RS type 5 is formed in the laboratory by heating starch with free fatty acids; there is limited evidence for its formation using domestic cooking methods and real foods. Furthermore it is unclear whether this would translate into a noticeable effect on postprandial glucose metabolism.In this randomised crossover study, 8 participants attended two study days; at one they consumed a freshly cooked mashed potato meal (203 g boiled potato, 25 g butter) at the other they consumed an identical meal which had been chilled for 66 h then microwave reheated. The potatoes were intrinsically labelled with [U-13C]starch, and participants received a variable [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion, allowing detailed glucose flux modelling. Venous blood samples were taken for 6 h postprandially.There was no significant effect on postprandial glucose, however repeated measures ANOVA on postprandial insulin time-point data found a significant difference between meals (p = 0.026), with a 24% reduction in incremental area under the curve (0–120 min) and 21% reduction in insulin peak between freshly cooked and reheated meals. There were no significant effects on rate of appearance of glucose into the plasma from the gut (Ra) or on endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (EGP), however there was a strong trend for a reduced rate of glucose disposal (uptake into tissues, Rd) following the reheated meal (p = 0.054).It is hypothesised that RS was formed in the reheated meal by the chilling and reheating process; this will be verified by in vitro work later in the project. The attenuation of the postprandial insulin response with no significant effect on EGP suggests enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity following the reheated meal as a possible mechanism for the effects of RS on postprandial glycaemia. This study demonstrates that making simple changes to the way a starchy carbohydrate meal is prepared can have significant beneficial effects on postprandial glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Supplementation with cod protein hydrolysate in older adults: a dose range cross-over study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Hanna F. Dale ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Einar Lied ◽  
Jan G. Hatlebakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Postprandial Response

Abstract A large proportion of older adults are affected by impaired glucose metabolism. Previous studies with fish protein have reported improved glucose regulation in healthy adults, but the evidence in older adults is limited. Therefore, we wanted to assess the effect of increasing doses of a cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) on postprandial glucose metabolism in older adults. The study was a double-blind cross-over trial. Participants received four different doses (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)) of CPH daily for 1 week with 1-week washout periods in between. The primary outcome was postprandial response in glucose metabolism, measured by samples of serum glucose and insulin in 20 min intervals for 120 min. The secondary outcome was postprandial response in plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Thirty-one subjects aged 60–78 years were included in the study. In a mixed-model statistical analysis, no differences in estimated maximum value of glucose, insulin or GLP-1 were observed when comparing the lowest dose of CPH (10 mg/kg BW) with the higher doses (20, 30 or 40 mg/kg BW). The estimated maximum value of glucose was on average 0·28 mmol/l lower when the participants were given 40 mg/kg BW CPH compared with 10 mg/kg BW (P = 0·13). The estimated maximum value of insulin was on average 5·14 mIU/l lower with 40 mg/kg BW of CPH compared with 10 mg/kg BW (P = 0·20). Our findings suggest that serum glucose and insulin levels tend to decrease with increasing amounts of CPH. Due to preliminary findings, the results require further investigation.

scholarly journals Supplementation with Low Doses of a Cod Protein Hydrolysate on Glucose Regulation and Lipid Metabolism in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jensen ◽  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Trygve Hausken ◽  
Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk ◽  
Ingeborg Brønstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Levels

The risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hydrolyzed fish protein may have favorable effects on metabolic health. Here, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks supplementation with 4 g of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) on glucose metabolism, lipid profile and body composition in individuals with MetS in a double-blind, randomized intervention study with a parallel-group design. Subjects received a daily supplement of CPH (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Primary outcomes were serum fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), fasting lipid concentrations and body composition. No difference was observed between CPH and placebo for insulin, glucose or GLP-1 after 8 weeks intervention. Fasting triacylglycerol decreased in both the CPH group and placebo group, with no change between groups. Fasting total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly within both groups from baseline to study end, but no difference was observed between the two groups. In conclusion, supplementing with a low dose of CPH in subjects with MetS for 8 weeks had no effect on fasting or postprandial levels of insulin, glucose or GLP-1, lipid profile or body composition.

scholarly journals A single serving of caffeinated coffee impairs postprandial glucose metabolism in overweight men

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1218-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey M. Robertson ◽  
Michael N. Clifford ◽  
Simon Penson ◽  
Gemma Chope ◽  
M. Denise Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractPrevious studies regarding the acute effects of coffee on glycaemic control have used a single large dose of coffee, typically containing the caffeine equivalent of 2–4 servings of coffee. This study investigates whether the acute effects of coffee are dose-dependent, starting with a single serving. A total of ten healthy overweight males participated in a two-part randomised double-blind cross-over study. In the first part, they ingested 2, 4 or 8 g instant decaffeinated coffee (DC) dissolved in 400 ml water with caffeine added in proportion to the DC (total 100, 200 or 400 mg caffeine) or control (400 ml water) all with 50 g glucose. In the second part, they ingested the same amounts of DC (2, 4, 8 g) or control, but with a standard 100 mg caffeine added to each. Capillary blood samples were taken every 15 min for 2 h after each drink and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA on glucose results found an effect when caffeine was varied in line with DC (P=0·008). Post hoc analysis revealed that both 2 and 4 g DC with varied caffeine content increased the glycaemic response v. control. There was no effect of escalating doses of DC when caffeine remained constant at 100 mg. These results demonstrate that one standard serving of coffee (2 g) is sufficient to affect glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the amount of caffeine found in one serving (100 mg) is sufficient to mask any potential beneficial effects of increasing other components. No dose-dependent effect was found.

scholarly journals Interstitial glucose concentrations and hypoglycemia during 2 days of caloric deficit and sustained exercise: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Smith ◽  
Marques A. Wilson ◽  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
Krista Austin ◽  
Asma Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Term Energy

Military personnel and some athlete populations endure short-term energy deficits from reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure (EE) that may degrade physical and cognitive performance due to severe hypoglycemia (<3.1 mmol/l). The extent to which energy deficits alter normoglycemia (3.9–7.8 mmol/l) in healthy individuals is not known, since prior studies measured glucose infrequently, not continuously. The purpose of this study was to characterize the glycemic response to acute, severe energy deficit compared with fully fed control condition, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). For 2 days during a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 23 volunteers (17 men/6 women; age: 21.3 ± 3.0 yr; body mass index: 25 ± 3 kg/m) increased habitual daily EE [2,300 ± 450 kcal/day [means ± SD)] by 1,647 ± 345 kcal/day through prescribed exercise (~3 h/day; 40–65% peak O2 consumption), and consumed diets designed to maintain energy balance (FED) or induce 93% energy deficit (DEF). Interstitial glucose concentrations were measured continuously by CGM (Medtronic Minimed). Interstitial glucose concentrations were 1.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l lower during DEF vs. FED ( P < 0.0001). The percentage of time spent in mild (3.1–3.8 mmol/l) hypoglycemia was higher during DEF compared with FED [mean difference = 20.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.1%, 27.9%; P = 0.04], while time spent in severe (<3.1 mmol/l) hypoglycemia was not different between interventions (mean difference = 4.6%; 95% CI: −0.6%, 9.8%; P = 0.10). Three of 23 participants spontaneously reported symptoms (e.g., nausea) potentially related to hypoglycemia during DEF, and an additional participant reported symptoms during both interventions. These findings suggest that severe hypoglycemia rarely occurs in healthy individuals enduring severe, short-term energy deficit secondary to heavy exercise and inadequate energy intake.

Effects of Mangifera indica (Careless) on Microcirculation and Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Buchwald-Werner ◽  
Christiane Schön ◽  
Sonja Frank ◽  
Claudia Reule
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fruit Powder

AbstractA commercial Mangifera indica fruit powder (Careless) showed beneficial acute effects on microcirculation in a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study. Here, long-term effects on microcirculation and glucose metabolism were investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel-design study in healthy individuals. A daily dose of 100 mg or 300 mg of the fruit powder was compared to placebo after supplementation for 4 weeks. Microcirculation and endothelial function were assessed by the Oxygen-to-see System and pulse amplitude tonometry, respectively. Glucose metabolism was assessed under fasting and postprandial conditions by capillary glucose and HbA1c values.Microcirculatory reactive hyperemia flow increased, especially in the 100 mg group (p = 0.025). The 300 mg of the M. indica fruit preparation reduced postprandial glucose levels by trend if compared to placebo (p = 0.0535) accompanied by significantly lower HbA1c values compared to baseline. Furthermore, 300 mg intake significantly improved postprandial endothelial function in individuals with decreased endothelial function after high-dose glucose intake (p = 0.0408; n = 11).In conclusion, the study suggests moderate beneficial effects of M. indica fruit preparation on microcirculation, endothelial function, and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2361-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarvis C. Noronha ◽  
Catherine R. Braunstein ◽  
Andrea J. Glenn ◽  
Tauseef A. Khan ◽  
Effie Viguiliouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Small Doses
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